Effects of wood flour addition and coupling agent content on mechanical properties of recycled polystyrene/wood flour composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 821-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Poletto ◽  
Mara Zeni ◽  
Ademir J. Zattera
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1146-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Majid Zabihzadeh ◽  
Foroogh Dastoorian ◽  
Ghanbar Ebrahimi

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Fauzi Febraianto ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
I Nyoman Jaya Wistara ◽  
Se Hwi Park ◽  
Jae–Hyuk Jang ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1008-1012
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Lu ◽  
Meng Yao Li ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Hua Yu ◽  
Xiao Niu Jiang

Good bonding at the interface between HDPE (High density polyethylene) and wood flour was achieved by adding MA (Maleic anhydride) as surface-reactive additive and WD-50 (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) as coupling agent products. HDPE-g-MA was prepared by melt grafting polymerization in the presence of DCP (Dicumyl peroxide) using a Hakke Rheocord. The FTIR spectra conformed that MA was successfully grafted onto HDPE and the effects of DCP and MA contents on grafting reaction were also studied. The effects of silane coupling agent (WD-50), wood flour and HDPE-g-MA contents on the mechanical properties of the HDPE-based wood-plastic composites were investigated by electronic tensile tester and impact test enginery. The results indicated that WD-50 (with the content of 2 wt%) and HDPE-g-MA (with the content of 10 wt%) effectively improved mechanical properties of the composite materials.


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Matheus Poletto ◽  
Janaína Junges ◽  
Ademir J. Zattera ◽  
Ruth M. C. Santana

Compósitos de polipropileno reciclado (PPr) con harina de madera de la espécie Pinus elliottii (PIE) fueron desarrollados utilizando aceite de soya, ácido esteárico, ácido caprílico y polipropileno graftizado con ácido itacónico (PPgAI) como agentes compatibilizantes. Los compósitos fueron procesados en extrusora de doble husillo co-rotante y posteriormente moldados por inyección. Los materiales fueron caracterizados a través de ensayos mecánicos, termogravimétricos, morfológicos, físicos y por ángulo de contacto. Los resultados de los ensayos mecánicos demostraron que el aceite de soya actuó como plastificante y redujo las propiedades mecánicas de los compósitos. Por otro lado, la adición de ácido esteárico, ácido caprílico y PPgAI generó en un aumento de la resistencia a flexión de 8, 20 y 29%, respectivamente, comparado al compósito sin compatibilizante. El compósito desarrollado con el agente compatibilizante comúnmente utilizado, el polipropileno graftizado con anhidrido maleico (PPgAM), presentó un aumento de 35% en la resistencia a la flexión. Resultados del análisis termogravimétrica (TGA), del compósito de PPr con aceite de soya presentó una reducción de su estabilidad térmica en 3% de pérdida de masa, lo que puede estar asociado a la mayor cantidad de oxígeno en su estructura molecular, lo que facilita mayor movilidad de las cadenas con el aumento de la temperatura y que pueden acelerar el proceso de degradación. En el caso de los compósitos con ácido caprílico y PPgAI mostraron un aumento superior a 10°C en la temperatura de 3% de perda de masa cuando comparados al compósito sin compatibilizante, indicando un aumento de la estabilidad térmica de estos compósitos. Los resultados de los análisis de microscopia electrónica de Barrido comprobaron la mayor interacción entre las fases (harina de madera y la matriz de PPr) para los compósitos desarrollados con ácido caprílico y PPgAI; y en relación a los resultados del ángulo de contacto de los materiales, mostraron que la incorporación del agente compatibilizante graftizado originó un aumento de la energía superficial de la matriz polimérica promoviendo una mejor interacción con la carga vegetal (hidrofílica). Palabras clave.-.- Madera plástica, Reciclaje mecánica, Agente compatibilizantes, Harina de madera. ABSTRACTWood plastic composites of recycled polypropylene PPr and Pinus elliottii (PIE) were developed using soybean oil, stearic acid, caprylic acid and itaconic acid grafted with polypropylene (PPgAI) as coupling agents. The composites were processed in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and injection molded. The materials were characterized by mechanical properties, thermogravimetric analysis, morphological, physical and contact angle. The results showed that soybean oil acted as a plasticizer and reduced mechanical properties of composites. On the other hand, the addition of stearic acid, caprylic acid and PPgAI resulted in an increase in flexural strength of 8, 20 and 29%, respectively, when compared to the composite without compatibilizer. The composites developed with coupling agent commonly used, polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PPgAM) had a 35% increase in flexural strength. TGA results showed that the composite with soybean oil showed a reduction of thermal stability by 3% mass loss, which may be associated with more oxygen in their molecular structure and promote greater mobility of the polymer chains with increase the temperature and which may accelerate the degradation process. Composites with caprylic acid and PPgAI showed an increase above 10 ° C in temperature of 3% mass loss when compared to the composite without compatibilizer. SEM analysis showed the greater interaction between the wood flour and PPr for composites developed with PPgAI and caprylic acid. The results of contact angle showed that the incorporation of a PPgAM caused an increase in surface energy of the polymer matrix which may promote better interaction with hydrophilic wood flour. Keywords.- Wood plastic composites, Mechanical recycling, Coupling agent, Wood flour.


2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipda Sae-Lim ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong

Wood flour/high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were prepared by an internal mixer and a compression molding, respectively. The HDPE composites were mixed with four types of wood flour at various contents with and without coupling agent. Polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) was used as a coupling agent. The effects of type (hardwood and softwood), content (0, 30, 60, 80 wt%), and particle size (large and small) of wood flour on the mechanical properties, physical properties, and morphological properties of wood flour/HDPE composites were investigated. The results showed that the large particle size of wood flour provided better mechanical properties than the small particle size. The use of hardwood as a filler in HDPE resulted in the HDPE composites with higher flexural strength and lower water absorption than softwood. The flexural modulus of the wood flour composites was increased with filler loading when PE-g-MA was used as a coupling agent.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-472
Author(s):  
S. Raj Sachin ◽  
T. Kandasamy Kannan ◽  
Rathanasamy Rajasekar

Purpose The purpose of this study is to carry out an investigation of the role of the wood particle size on the mechanical properties of poly lactic acid (PLA)-reinforced neem fiber biocomposite. Design/methodology/approach Composite test specimens were processed by reinforcing neem wood flour (NWF) in two different particle sizes, micro-sized NWF (MNWF) and nano-sized NWF (NNWF) separately into PLA. Composites were extruded at four different fiber loadings (10, 15, 20 and 25 Wt.%) into PLA matrix. The MNWF and NNWF had particle sizes varying from 5 to 15 µm and 10 to 15 nm, respectively. Findings Tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of PLA increased with fiber reinforcement for both the MNWF and NNWF cases. The NNWF-reinforced PLA composite at 20 Wt.% fiber loading proved to be the best composite that had outstanding mechanical properties in this research. Practical implications The developed composite can be used as a substitute for conventional plywood for furniture, building infrastructure and interior components for the automobile, aircraft and railway sectors. Originality/value A new biocomposite had been fabricated by using PLA and NWF and had been tested for its mechanical characteristics.


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