scholarly journals Overcoming the Challenges of Collaboratively Adopting Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 089443932097995
Author(s):  
Averill Campion ◽  
Mila Gasco-Hernandez ◽  
Slava Jankin Mikhaylov ◽  
Marc Esteve
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Research University ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Organizational Routines ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interorganizational Collaborations

Despite the current popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) and a steady increase in publications over time, few studies have investigated AI in public contexts. As a result, assumptions about the drivers, challenges, and impacts of AI in government are far from conclusive. By using a case study that involves a large research university in England and two different county councils in a multiyear collaborative project around AI, we study the challenges that interorganizational collaborations face in adopting AI tools and implementing organizational routines to address them. Our findings reveal the most important challenges facing such collaborations: a resistance to sharing data due to privacy and security concerns, insufficient understanding of the required and available data, a lack of alignment between project interests and expectations around data sharing, and a lack of engagement across organizational hierarchy. Organizational routines capable of overcoming such challenges include working on-site, presenting the benefits of data sharing, reframing problems, designating joint appointments and boundary spanners, and connecting participants in the collaboration at all levels around project design and purpose.

scholarly journals Application Level Security in a Public Library: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Richard Thomchick ◽  
Tonia San Nicolas-Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Transport Protocol ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Personally Identifiable Information ◽  
Active Attacks

Libraries have historically made great efforts to ensure the confidentiality of patron personally identifiable information (PII), but the rapid, widespread adoption of information technology and the internet have given rise to new privacy and security challenges. Hypertext Transport Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a form of Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) that enables secure communication over the public internet and provides a deterministic way to guarantee data confidentiality so that attackers cannot eavesdrop on communications. HTTPS has been used to protect sensitive information exchanges, but security exploits such as passive and active attacks have exposed the need to implement HTTPS in a more rigorous and pervasive manner. This report is intended to shed light on the state of HTTPS implementation in libraries, and to suggest ways in which libraries can evaluate and improve application security so that they can better protect the confidentiality of PII about library patrons.

scholarly journals ‘Ai Theory of Justice’: Using Rawlsian Approaches to Legislate Better on Machine Learning in Government

Amicus Curiae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-360
Author(s):  
Jamie Grace ◽  
Roxanne Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
Applications Of Machine Learning

Policymaking is increasingly being informed by ‘big data’ technologies of analytics, machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI). John Rawls used particular principles of reasoning in his 1971 book, A Theory of Justice, which might help explore known problems of data bias, unfairness, accountability and privacy, in relation to applications of machine learning and AI in government. This paper will investigate how the current assortment of UK governmental policy and regulatory developments around AI in the public sector could be said to meet, or not meet, these Rawlsian principles, and what we might do better by incorporating them when we respond legislatively to this ongoing challenge. This paper uses a case study of data analytics and machine-learning regulation as the central means of this exploration of Rawlsian thinking in relation to the redevelopment of algorithmic governance.

scholarly journals Commercial and public payer opioid analgesic prescribing policies: A case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L Arfken ◽  
Victoria Tutag Lehr
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
State Laws ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Public Payer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: One strategy to address the high number of U.S. opioid-related deaths is to restrict high-risk or inappropriate opioid analgesic prescribing and dispensing. Federal and state laws and regulations have implemented restrictions but less is known about commercial and public payers’ policies aside from clinician anecdotal reports that these policies are increasing. To assess the number and types of policies with temporal trends, we examined commercial and public (Medicaid) payer policies in one state, Michigan, that has high opioid-related deaths and implemented opioid analgesic prescribing laws. Between 2015 and 2018 claims paid by commercial payers dropped 30.5% and 15.2% for public payer, suggesting the impact of federal and state laws and regulations, media, advocacy groups, education, and payer policies. Methods: Policies for seven large commercial payers and the public payer for 2012-2018 were reviewed and categorized by actions. Joinpoint regression was used to summarize temporal trends on number of policies for all payers and commercial and public payer subgroups. Results: Across the seven years, there were 529 action policies (75.57 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 35.93, 115.22) actions per year) with a range of 36 to 103 actions by payer. Limitations on number of days for initial prescriptions being most frequently implemented policy (83 policies and implemented at least once by all eight payers). The least frequently used policy was incentives to providers which was implemented once by one payer. The temporal trend showed a decline in new policies from 2012 to 2013 but a steady increase from 2014 to 2018 (average annual percent change=29.6% (95% confidence intervals 13.2%, 48.5%). The public payer (implemented 47 policies) showed no increase in number of policies over time (AAPC=2.9% (95% CI -41.6%, 61.6%). Conclusions: The eight commercial and public payers implemented many new policies to restrict opioid analgesic prescribing with a steady increase in the number of such policies implemented from 2014 to 2018. This case study documented that at least in one state with high opioid-related deaths and multiple commercial payers, new and different policies were increasingly implemented challenging clinicians providing patient care and researchers determining the impact. Key words : opioid prescribing, commercial insurance, public insurance, policies, regulations, temporal trends

scholarly journals Commercial and public payer opioid analgesic prescribing policies: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Arfken ◽  
Victoria Tutag Lehr
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Public Payer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background One strategy to address the high number of U.S. opioid-related deaths is to restrict high-risk or inappropriate opioid analgesic prescribing and dispensing. Federal and state laws and regulations have implemented restrictions but less is known about commercial and public payers’ policies aside from clinician anecdotal reports that these policies are increasing. To assess the number and types of policies with temporal trends, we examined commercial and public (Medicaid) payer policies in one state, Michigan, that has high opioid-related deaths and implemented opioid analgesic prescribing laws. Methods Policies for seven large commercial payers and the public payer for 2012–2018 were reviewed and categorized by actions. Joinpoint regression was used to summarize temporal trends on number of policies for all payers and subgroups. Results Across the 7 years, there were 529 action policies (75.57 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 35.93, 115.22) actions per year) with a range of 36 to 103 actions by payer. Limitations on number of days for initial prescriptions and prior authorizations were the most frequently implemented policy. The temporal trend showed a decline in new policies from 2012 to 2013 but a steady increase from 2014 to 2018 (average annual percent change or AAPC=29.6% (95% confidence intervals 13.2, 48.5%)). The public payer (n=47 policies) showed no increase in number of policies over time (AAPC=2.9% (95% CI -41.6, 61.6%). Conclusions The eight commercial and public payers implemented many new policies to restrict opioid analgesic prescribing with a steady increase in the number of such policies implemented from 2014 to 2018. This case study documented that at least in one state with high opioid-related deaths and multiple commercial payers, new and different policies were increasingly implemented creating barriers to patient care. The impact of these policies is understudied, complicating recommendation of best practices.

scholarly journals The Value of Privacy and Surveillance Drones in the Public Domain: Scrutinizing the Dutch Flexible Deployment of Mobile Cameras Act

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerdo Kuiper ◽  
Quirine Eijkman
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Mobile Cameras ◽  
Different Dimensions

The flexible deployment of drones in the public domain, is in this article assessed from a legal philosophical perspective. On the basis of theories of Dworkin and Moore the distinction between individual rights and collective security policy goals is discussed. Mobile cameras in the public domain reflect how innovative technological tools challenge public authorities in new ways to balance between privacy and security. Furthermore, the different dimensions of privacy and the distinction between the three types of the value of privacy are reviewed. On the basis of the case study of the Dutch Drones Act, the article concludes that the flexible deployment of mobile cameras in the public domain is not legitimate from a normative perspective. The legal safeguards in the Netherlands are insufficient to protect the value of privacy. Therefore, further restrictions such as prior judicial review should be considered.

Youth-Led Action Research

2022 ◽  
pp. 124-144
Author(s):  
Jane Ellen Palmer ◽  
Jessica A. Rucker ◽  
Vanessa A. Negrón ◽  
Amanda M. Harrison ◽  
Kefai Debebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Research University ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Global Pandemic

In this chapter, the authors provide a case study and autoethnographic account of a youth-led, social justice-oriented, community-based participatory action research (CBPAR) project in Washington, DC. After providing background of action research, university-community partnerships, and the context of the partnership, the authors describe the three phases of the collaborative project that took place from Fall 2019 to Spring 2021. During this time, in the midst of a global pandemic, high school and college students, with support from teachers, implemented a mixed methods CBPAR project on making Black Lives Matter in schools. This chapter describes the steps taken and the lessons learned, with the intent of assisting the reader in potentially implementing something similar in their community or at their university.

scholarly journals Sharing linked data sets for research: results from a deliberative public engagement event in British Columbia, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Teng ◽  
Colene Bentley ◽  
Michael M Burgess ◽  
Kieran C O'Doherty ◽  
Kimberlyn M McGrail
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionResearch using linked data sets can lead to new insights and discoveries that positively impact society. However, the use of linked data raises concerns relating to illegitimate use, privacy, and security (e.g., identity theft, marginalization of some groups). It is increasingly recognized that the public needs to be consulted to develop data access systems that consider both the potential benefits and risks of research. Indeed, there are examples of data sharing projects being derailed because of backlash in the absence of adequate consultation. (e.g., care.data in the UK). Objectives and methodsThis paper describes the results of a public deliberation event held in April 2018 in Vancouver, British Columbia. The purpose of this event was to develop informed and civic-minded public advice regarding the use and the sharing of linked data for research with a focus on the processes and regulations employed to release data. The event brought together 23 members of the public over two weekends. ResultsParticipants developed and voted on 19 policy-relevant statements. Voting results and the rationale behind any disagreements are reported here. Taken together, these statements provide a broad view of public support and concerns regarding the use of linked data sets for research and offer guidance on measures that can be taken to improve the trustworthiness of policies and process around data sharing and use. ConclusionsGenerally, participants were supportive of research using linked data because of the value they provide to society. Participants expressed a desire to see the data access request process made more efficient to facilitate more research, as long as there are adequate protections in place around security and privacy of the data.

scholarly journals Data intensive science and the public good: Results of public deliberations in British Columbia, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberlyn McGrail ◽  
Michael Burgess ◽  
Kieran O'Doherty ◽  
Colene Bentley ◽  
Jack Teng
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Consent

IntroductionResearch using linked data sets can lead to new insights and discoveries that positively impact society. However, the use of linked data raises concerns relating to illegitimate use, privacy, and security (e.g., identity theft, marginalization of some groups). It is increasingly recognized that the public needs to be consulted to develop data access systems that consider both the potential benefits and risks of research. Indeed, there are examples of data sharing projects being derailed because of backlash in the absence of adequate consultation. (e.g., care.data in the UK). Objectives and methodsThis talk will describe the results of public deliberations held in Vancouver, British Columbia in April 2018 and the fall of 2019. The purpose of these events was to develop informed and civic-minded public advice regarding the use and the sharing of linked data for research in the context of rapidly evolving data availability and researcher aspirations. ResultsIn the first deliberation, participants developed and voted on 19 policy-relevant statements. Taken together, these statements provide a broad view of public support and concerns regarding the use of linked data sets for research and offer guidance on measures that can be taken to improve the trustworthiness of policies and process around data sharing and use. The second deliberation will focus on the interplay between public and private sources of data, and role of individual and collective or community consent I the future. ConclusionGenerally, participants were supportive of research using linked data because of the value such uses can provide to society. Participants expressed a desire to see the data access request process made more efficient to facilitate more research, as long as there are adequate protections in place around security and privacy of the data. These protections include both physical and process-related safeguards as well as a high degree of transparency.

Alexa, Affect, and the Algorithmic Imaginary

Screen Bodies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Linda Kopitz
Keyword(s):  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Narrative Strategy ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Voice

As millions of customers across the world invite digital voice assistants into their homes, the public debate has increasingly centered on security and privacy concerns connected to the use of the device. Drawing on Tania Bucher’s work at the intersection between technology and everyday experience, this article proposes an understanding of an algorithmic imaginary of Alexa-enabled devices as explicitly nonthreatening in its ordinariness, positive potential, and gendered presence. As a case study, this article uses commercials for Alexa-enabled devices as a starting point: Instead of foregrounding the functionality and thereby the algorithmic intelligence underlying the voice assistant, these commercials focus on an affective potential as a narrative strategy to address privacy and security concerns. By connecting everyday interactions with emotional and empowering narratives, the way Alexa is portrayed as an embodied object functions as a balance to the equally public and publicized understanding of digital voice assistants as threats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document