A Broken Pipeline: Effects of Gender and Racial/Ethnic Barriers on College Students’ Educational Aspiration–Pursuit Gap

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532199419
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Young Hwa Kim ◽  
Brian T. H. Keum ◽  
Yu-Wei Wang ◽  
Kelley Bishop
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Career Barriers ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Long Term Effects

This study examined the long-term effects of perceived educational and career barriers due to sexism and racism in college students’ pursuit of postgraduate education (PE) and how such effects were different across gender and racial majority/minority groups. With a sample of 2,717 undergraduate students, results from multinomial logistic regression showed that female and students of color not only perceived higher levels of barriers due to sexism and racism, such experiences further predicted the discrepancies between their precollege aspirations and actual pursuit for postgraduate degrees upon graduation. The higher the perceived barriers, the higher the odds of female and students of color not pursuing PE that they had aspired before college. This negative long-term effect was not observed in male students or White students. Moreover, when intersectionality was considered, women of color was the only group where perceived barriers had significant negative effects on the PE gap. Implications were discussed.

Parental Divorce and Narcissism among College Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-878
Author(s):  
Robert E. Billingham ◽  
Jessica Cutrera
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Divorced Families ◽  
Intact Families ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Inventory

342 women and 225 men, undergraduate students, participated in a study to assess whether experiencing the divorce of one's parents affected narcissistic development. In a larger study on the long-term effects of divorce, these students completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. The analyses indicated that the scores for children from divorced families did not differ from the scores of children from intact families on any of the seven subscales.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional, Short-, Medium- and Long-Term Effects of Dietary Pattern on Frailty in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9717
Author(s):  
Mei-Huey Shiau ◽  
Meng-Chih Lee ◽  
Fang-Ling Lin ◽  
Baai-Shyun Hurng ◽  
Chih-Jung Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

This study examined the association between dietary patterns and the development of frailty during 4-, 8-, 12-year follow-up periods in the population-based Taiwan Study. We used the data of an elderly population aged 53 years and over (n = 3486) from four waves of the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. Frailty was identified by using the modified Fried criteria and the values were summed to derive a frailty score. We applied reduced rank regression to determine dietary patterns, which were divided into tertiles (healthy, general, and unhealthy dietary pattern). We used multinomial logistic regression models to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of frailty. The healthy dietary pattern was characterized by a higher intake of antioxidant drinks (tea), energy-rich foods (carbohydrates, e.g., rice, noodles), protein-rich foods (fish, meat, seafood, and eggs), and phytonutrient-rich foods (fruit and dark green vegetables). Compared with the healthy pattern, the unhealthy dietary pattern showed significant cross-sectional, short-term, medium-term, and long-term associations with a higher prevalence of frailty (odds ratios (OR) 2.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94–3.87, OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.67–3.88, OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.07–2.57, and OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.27–4.34, respectively). Our findings support recommendations to increase the intake of antioxidant drinks, energy-rich foods, protein-rich foods, and phytonutrient-rich foods, which were associated with a non-frail status. This healthy dietary pattern can help prevent frailty over time in elderly people.

scholarly journals Bandwidth knowledge of results persists on motor skills acquisition

Motricidade ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madson Pereira Cruz ◽  
Rodolfo Novellino Benda ◽  
Maria Flávia Soares Pinto Carvalho ◽  
Guilherme Menezes Lage ◽  
Maria Teresa Cattuzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Acquisition Phase ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Short And Long Term

The aim of this study was to investigate the short and long-term effects of the bandwidth KR in learning of the absolute and relative dimensions of a motor skill. Twenty-two undergraduate students divided into two groups: G15 who received KR when the relative error exceeded 15%; and G0, with KR after every trial. The study consisted of an acquisition phase, and the volunteers practiced 100 trials with a target time of 850 ms and relative of 22.2%, 44.4% and 33.3% between the first and second, second and third, third and fourth keys, respectively. This phase, KR related to relative time (relative error) was provided according to the group. KR of total target time was available to both groups after all trials. Three retention tests with ten trials were conducted 10 minutes, 24 hours and one week after the acquisition phase. The results showed that G15 had a smaller relative error than G0. This study allows concluding that bandwidth KR in relation relative time error showed its effects in the consistency of relative time. These effects persisted even after seven days after the acquisition phase in a delayed retention test.

Long-Term Retest Reliability of Interpersonal Dependency Inventory Scores in College Students

Assessment ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Interpersonal Dependency ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Eighty undergraduate students (40 women and 40 men) completed the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (IDI) twice, with the two testing sessions separated by an 84-week interval. Retest reliability coefficients for IDI whole-scale scores, r = .71, and subscale scores ( rs ranged from .60 to .72) were similar to those obtained in IDI retest reliability studies that used shorter intertest intervals. Gender differences in IDI scores in the present sample paralleled those obtained in previous investigations involving clinical and nonclinical participants. Implications of these results for the construct validity of the IDI as a measure of interpersonal dependency are discussed.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Research-Based and Practice-Based Job Search Interventions: An RCT Reevaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Elena Malmberg-Heimonen ◽  
Brady T. West ◽  
Jukka Vuori
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
Research Based Interventions ◽  
Active Labor Market Policies

Objective: This study reevaluates the effects of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of job search interventions on labor force participation. In the trial, various methods of job search interventions were included, of which about half were research-based JOBS (Job Opportunity and Basic Skills) interventions and the other half were practice-based, that is, without a theoretical or empirical base. This study compares effects of the research-based and practice-based interventions. Methods: The trial included data from 1998 to 2000 of 1,013 unemployed people in Finland with 3-year follow-up data from official labor market records. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the intervention effects on labor market outcomes. Results: The results demonstrated that beneficial long-term effects were produced only in interventions based on the research-based JOBS method for participants at risk of baseline depression. In contrast, the practice-based interventions seemed to have adverse effects on employment. Conclusions: These findings indicate the importance of research-based interventions within active labor market policies.

Time for practice: implications of undergraduate pianists’ choices of repertoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Katie Zhukov ◽  
Jane Ginsborg
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Sight Reading ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practice Time

Abstract There is an on-going debate as to the skills needed for 21st century careers in classical music and how undergraduate students should learn them. Many graduate pianists report being under-prepared for the music profession, lacking sight-reading skills in particular. While research-evidenced pedagogy for improving sight-reading skills has been developed, little is known regarding what impact enhancing this skill could have on undergraduate educational experience. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of sight-reading training on undergraduate pianists’ choices of repertoire for practice. Two groups of 12 participants were recruited from three institutions in the UK and Australia. One group undertook the sight-reading training programme for 10 weeks. Both groups listed the solo, concerto, chamber and accompanying repertoire they practised. The mean lengths of time participants spent practising each kind of repertoire were calculated. There were significant effects of institution and therefore country on practice time but no effects of the sight-reading training. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that interventions should be designed to develop pianists’ practical skills, including sight-reading, and the long-term effects of such interventions on quality of deliberate practice, particularly on the types of repertoire that are likely to be most valuable for pianists in the early stages of their career, should be evaluated.

scholarly journals Where have all the full stops gone? The dangers of striving for ‘University-level’ punctuation.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Betteney
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Undergraduate Studies ◽  
Opinion Piece ◽  
University Level

This opinion piece makes connections between common strategies currently being outworked in primary schools, and a growing perception amongst lecturers that a significant minority of undergraduate students have difficulty with punctuation, a difficulty which can render their written submissions very hard to read. This piece offers possible explanation, citing the punctuation pyramid, and the long term effects of a primary education policy that encourages primary-aged children to ‘up-level’ their writing, a practice which many students bring to their undergraduate studies.

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