Stability of Cefazolin Sodium in Four Heparinized and Non-Heparinized Dialysate Solutions at 38°C

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee F. Robinson ◽  
Richard S. Morosco ◽  
Charles V. Smith ◽  
John D. Mahan
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Solution ◽  
Cefazolin Sodium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability

Background Intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics is often required in the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Extended use and heating may affect drug stability. The objective of our study was to determine the stability of cefazolin sodium (125 mg/L and 500 mg/L) in heparinized and non-heparinized dextrose-containing peritoneal dialysis solution (Dianeal PD-2; Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, Illinois, USA) containing 1.5%, 2.5%, or 4.25% dextrose, or 7.5% icodextrin, the new colloid formulation (Extraneal; Baxter), at 38°C for 4 days. Methods Three poly-vinyl chloride containers of each dialysis fluid were stored at 38°C for 4 days. Samples were taken after the bags were mixed and allowed to stand for 2 minutes. Two 500-μL samples were collected from each bag at hours 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96. Samples were then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in our laboratory. In order to establish the stability-indicating nature of the method, drugs 1.0 mg/mL, vehicles, and their mixtures were subjected to a forced degradation. This is done by acid (2.0 mol/L HCl) and base (2.0 mol/L NaOH) hydrolysis, oxidation (H2O2 0.3%), and heat at 80°C. Samples were analyzed every 30 minutes until approximately 25% of the drug's peak disappeared. The drug was considered stable if its concentration exceeded 90% of the original. Results For all Dianeal PD-2 peritoneal dialysis solution containing 1.5%, 2.5%, and 4.25% dextrose, cefazolin sodium was considered stable at 38°C for 60 hours at low cefazolin concentrations (125 mg/L), both with and without heparin, and for 48 hours at high cefazolin concentrations (500 mg/L). Cefazolin sodium was considered stable at 38°C in icodextrin for 48 hours at low cefazolin concentrations in heparinized and non-heparinized solutions, and at high concentrations only in non-heparinized dialysate, not in heparinized dialysate. Cefazolin sodium was considered stable at 38°C in icodextrin for 60 hours at high concentrations when heparinized. Conclusion Cefazolin sodium was stable in all four non-heparinized dialysate fluids for at least 48 hours at 38°C. In heparinized icodextrin dialysate, high concentrations of cefazolin sodium were not stable for extended periods of time. Extended use and heating of dialysate containing cefazolin may adversely affect patient outcome.

Stability of Ceftazidime and Vancomycin Alone and in Combination in Heparinized and Nonheparinized Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh M. Vaughan ◽  
Cathy Y. Poon
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Hplc Assay ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Solution ◽  
The Stability

OBJECTIVE: To examine the stability of ceftazidime, vancomycin, and heparin, alone and in combination, in dialysis solution over six days at three temperatures. DESIGN: Nine 250-mL Dianeal PD-2 dextrose 1.5% bags were prepared with ceftazidime, vancomycin, and heparin alone and in combination at set concentrations of 100 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 1 unit/mL, respectively. Three bags of each mixture were stored at 4, 25, and 37°C. Duplicate samples for analysis were removed from each bag at the following time points: premix, 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours. MAIN OURCOME MEASURES: Each sample was examined visually for signs of cloudiness and precipitation. Each sample was analyzed by stability-indicating HPLC assay for ceftazidime and vancomycin, with stability defined as less than 10 percent degradation of drug overtime. RESULTS: No color change or precipitation was observed in any bag. Vancomycin with or without heparin was stable for 5–6 days at 4, 25, and 37°C. Ceftazidime with and without heparin was stable for 6 days at 4°C, 4 days at 25°C, and less than 12 hours at 37 °C. Vancomycin plus ceftazidime with and without heparin was stable for 6 days at 4 °C and 25°C, and 4–5 days at 37 °C, Ceftazidime plus vancomycin with or without heparin was stable for 6 days at 4°C, 2–3 days at 25°C, and 12 hours at 37 °C. CONCLUSIONS: Bulk preparations of ceftazidime and vancomycin, alone and in combination and with or without heparin in Dianeal PD dextrose 1.5% solution, are sufficiently stable for use up to 6 days under refrigeration or 48 hours at room temperature.

Stability of Tobramycin and Ceftazidime in Icodextrin Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Pallotta ◽  
Rowland J. Elwell ◽  
Adwoa O. Nornoo ◽  
Harold J. Manley
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

Purpose The data describing the compatibility of tobramycin and ceftazidime in icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the chemical stability of tobramycin and ceftazidime in icodextrin PD solution in polyvinyl chloride containers. Methods Commercially available 2-L bags of icodextrin 7.5% PD solution were used for each sample. Nine tobramycin study samples were prepared by adding 80 mg tobramycin HCl to each bag. Nine ceftazidime samples were prepared by adding 1000 mg ceftazidime to each bag. Three bags of tobramycin–icodextrin solution were stored under each of the following conditions: refrigeration (4°C), room temperature (25°C), and body temperature (37°C). Three bags of ceftazidime–icodextrin solution were also stored at each of the respective temperatures. Samples were withdrawn from each bag immediately after preparation and at predetermined intervals (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168, and 336 hours after preparation). Solutions were visually inspected for precipitation, cloudiness, and discoloration at each sampling interval. All samples were immediately frozen (–80°C) after collection and stored prior to assay. Total concentrations of tobramycin and ceftazidime in dialysate fluid were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The last time point when tobramycin or ceftazidime concentration was >90% from baseline was used to denote stability. Results All solutions were clear in appearance and no color change or precipitation was observed during the study. For tobramycin, under refrigeration, a mean of 94.6% ± 2.3% of the initial concentration remained at 336 hours (14 days); at room temperature, 90.5% ± 4.3% remained at 168 hours (7 days); at body temperature, 90.0% ± 8.1% remained at 24 hours. For ceftazidime, under refrigeration, a mean of 98.0% ± 0.3% of the initial concentration remained at 168 hours (7 days); at room temperature, 91.6% ± 2.0% remained at 48 hours; at body temperature, 93.9% ± 1.1% remained at 8 hours. Stability was not assessed beyond these respective time points. Conclusion Premixed tobramycin–icodextrin PD solution remains stable for 336 hours (14 days) when refrigerated (4°C) and for 168 hours (7 days) at room temperature (25°C). Ceftazidime–icodextrin PD solution is stable for 168 hours and 48 hours, respectively, when stored at 4°C and 25°C. It is recommended that the bags be kept refrigerated whenever possible. Tobramycin–icodextrin solution stored at body temperature was stable up to 24 hours, and ceftazidime–icodextrin solutions up to 8 hours, permitting the practice of pre-warming solutions prior to administration.

Compatibility of Meropenem with Different Commercial Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wiesholzer ◽  
Alexandra Winter ◽  
Manuel Kussmann ◽  
Markus Zeitlinger ◽  
Petra Pichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Drug Degradation ◽  
Drug Adsorption ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Baxter Healthcare ◽  
The Stability

BackgroundIntraperitoneal administration of antimicrobial agents is recommended for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. For home-based antimicrobial therapy it is common to supply patients with PD fluid bags with admixed antibiotic. Thus, the compatibility of meropenem with different PD fluids (PDFs), namely Extraneal, Physioneal 1.36% and Physioneal 2.27% (all Baxter Healthcare Corp., Deerfield, IL, USA), was investigated under varying storage conditions.MethodsMeropenem (Venus Pharma, Werne, Germany) was stored at 6°C and 25°C over 14 days and at 37°C over 24 hours. Drug concentration over time was determined using high performance liquid chromatography, drug activity by a diffusion disk method, diluent stability by visual inspection and drug adsorption was calculated. Blank PD fluids and deionized water were used as comparator solutions.ResultsCompared to water, the stability of meropenem was minimally lower in Extraneal but markedly reduced in both Physioneal solutions. No significant drug adsorption was detected for any PDF investigated.ConclusionsMeropenem is stable and compatible with Extraneal and might be stored for up to a week at refrigeration temperature (6°C). A loss of ∼20% of meropenem after 2 days at room temperature should be considered. Mixed Physioneal appears not suitable for storage at any temperature after meropenem has been admixed. A considerable drug degradation due to the warming up to body temperature through heating plates should further be taken into account in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Stability of the Combination of Ceftazidime and Cephazolin in Icodextrin or PH Neutral Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul P. Patel ◽  
Madhur D. Shastri ◽  
Mohammad Bakkari ◽  
Troy Wanandy ◽  
Matthew D. Jose
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
The Stability

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to investigate the stability of ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution.MethodsCeftazidime and cephazolin were injected into either a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bag to obtain the concentration of 125 mg/L of each antibiotic. A total of nine 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bags containing ceftazidime and cephazolin were prepared and stored at 1 of 3 different temperatures: 4°C in a domestic refrigerator; 25°C at room temperature; or 37°C (body temperature) in an incubator. An aliquot was withdrawn immediately before (0 hour) or after 12, 24, 48, 96, 120, 144, 168 and 336 hours of storage. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate for the concentration of ceftazidime and cephazolin using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Ceftazidime and cephazolin were considered stable if they retained more than 90% of their initial concentration. Samples were also assessed for pH, colour changes and evidence of precipitation immediately after preparation and on each day of analysis.ResultsCeftazidime and cephazolin in both types of PD solution retained more than 90% of their initial concentration for 168 and 336 hours respectively when stored at 4°C. Both of the antibiotics lost more than 10% of the initial concentration after 24 hours of storage at 25 or 37°C. There was no evidence of precipitation at any time under the tested storage conditions. Change in the pH and color was observed at 25 and 37°C, but not at 4°C.ConclusionPremixed ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD solution is stable for at least 168 hours when refrigerated. This allows the preparation of PD bags in advance, avoiding the necessity for daily preparation. Both the antibiotics are stable for at least 24 hours at 25 and 37°C, permitting storage at room temperature and pre-warming of PD bags to body temperature prior to its administration.

Stability of cefazolin sodium in icodextrin-containing peritoneal dialysis solution

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (23) ◽  
pp. 2362-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh-Feng Lin ◽  
Chia-Chao Wu ◽  
Shih-Hua Lin ◽  
Da-Peng Wang ◽  
Chao-Nin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Solution ◽  
Cefazolin Sodium

The Stability and Compatibility of Clindamycin Phosphate and Gentamicin Sulfate Alone and in Combination in Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Kehoe ◽  
Joel N. Weber ◽  
David S. Fries
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Clindamycin Phosphate ◽  
Gentamicin Sulfate ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Solution ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dialysis Solutions

The stability and compatibility of clindamycin phosphate and gentamicin sulfate alone and in combination in peritoneal dialysis solution was studied. Peritoneal dialysis solutions (Dianeal PD-2, Travenol) were prepared in triplicate containing either clindamycin 200 mcg/mL, gentamicin 10 mcg/mL, or a combination of the two. Drug concentrations were determined at intervals over a 96-h period. At each time, solutions were observed for visual incompatibility. No significant changes in drug concentrations or visual characteristics were noted at the times and temperatures tested. We conclude that clindamycin phosphate and gentamicin sulfate are stable and compatible alone and in combination in the peritoneal dialysis solution tested.

Stability of dronabinol capsules when stored frozen, refrigerated, or at room temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (14) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wempe ◽  
Alan Oldland ◽  
Nancy Stolpman ◽  
Tyree H. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Minimal Reduction

Abstract Purpose Results of a study to determine the 90-day stability of dronabinol capsules stored under various temperature conditions are reported. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was used to assess the stability of dronabinol capsules (synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC] mixed with high-grade sesame oil and other inactive ingredients and encapsulated as soft gelatin capsules) that were frozen, refrigerated, or kept at room temperature for three months. The dronabinol capsules remained in the original foil-sealed blister packs until preparation for HPLC–UV assessment. The primary endpoint was the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC concentration remaining at multiple designated time points. The secondary aim was to perform forced-degradation studies under acidic conditions to demonstrate that the HPLC–UV method used was stability indicating. Results The appearance of the dronabinol capsules remained unaltered during frozen, cold, or room-temperature storage. Regardless of storage condition, the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC content remaining was greater than 97% for all evaluated samples at all time points over the three-month study. These experimental data indicate that the product packaging and the sesame oil used to formulate dronabinol capsules efficiently protect Δ9-THC from oxidative degradation to cannabinol; this suggests that pharmacies can store dronabinol capsules in nonrefrigerated automated dispensing systems, with a capsule expiration date of 90 days after removal from the refrigerator. Conclusion Dronabinol capsules may be stored at room temperature in their original packaging for up to three months without compromising capsule appearance and with minimal reduction in Δ9-THC concentration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document