Development of a design based remanufacturability index for automobile systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110055
Author(s):  
Ajith Tom James ◽  
Girish Kumar ◽  
Aavriti Arora ◽  
Shrey Padhi
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Directed Graph ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Matrix Approach ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Design Attributes

The growing concern over environmental protection is prompting automobile manufacturers to develop products with better End-of-Life performance. Product remanufacturability is considered as an End-of-Life performance booster. Remanufacturability, that is, the easiness for remanufacturing of products depends on the technical, environmental, and economic feasibilities. The technical feasibility depends on the product design attributes that support remanufacturability. These design attributes are comprised of several sub-attributes. Moreover, the attributes are interrelated with each other. This paper develops a remanufacturability index for automobile systems based on the design attributes that affect the remanufacturability. A structural methodology of graph theory and matrix approach is applied for developing the remanufacturability index. The design attributes and their interrelations with due consideration of their structure is modelled through the graph theory. The remanufacturability directed graph (digraph) is defined; the nodes of this represent the remanufacturability enhancing design attributes, while the edges represent their degrees of interrelationships. The equivalent matrix of the digraph forms a remanufacturability function which leads to the evaluation of remanufacturability index. A higher value of the remanufacturability index indicates that the automobile system has high potential for being remanufactured. The methodology can be applied during the design stage of automobile systems to evaluate the remanufacturability that will enhance the End-of-Life performance. The observations would be helpful to automobile system designers in determining the extent to which the system can be remanufactured and in identifying the specific attributes that can be improved to enhance remanufacturability.

scholarly journals Metrics for Measuring Sustainable Product Design Concepts

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3469
Author(s):  
Ji Han ◽  
Pingfei Jiang ◽  
Peter R. N. Childs
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Sustainable Product Design ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Sustainable Product

Although products can contribute to ecosystems positively, they can cause negative environmental impacts throughout their life cycles, from obtaining raw material, production, and use, to end of life. It is reported that most negative environmental impacts are decided at early design phases, which suggests that the determination of product sustainability should be considered as early as possible, such as during the conceptual design stage, when it is still possible to modify the design concept. However, most of the existing concept evaluation methods or tools are focused on assessing the feasibility or creativity of the concepts generated, lacking the measurements of sustainability of concepts. The paper explores key factors related to sustainable design with regard to environmental impacts, and describes a set of objective measures of sustainable product design concept evaluation, namely, material, production, use, and end of life. The rationales of the four metrics are discussed, with corresponding measurements. A case study is conducted to demonstrate the use and effectiveness of the metrics for evaluating product design concepts. The paper is the first study to explore the measurement of product design sustainability focusing on the conceptual design stage. It can be used as a guideline to measure the level of sustainability of product design concepts to support designers in developing sustainable products. Most significantly, it urges the considerations of sustainability design aspects at early design phases, and also provides a new research direction in concept evaluation regarding sustainability.

An Axiomatic Approach to Design for Sustainable End-of-Life: A Review of Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Guang Beng ◽  
Badrul Omar
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Axiomatic Approach ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Sustainable Product Development ◽  
The One

This paper aims to provide an insight to later researchers on the application of axiomatic design in the area of design for end-of-life (EOL) management. Among all life cycle stages of a product, design and development stage is the one that influences the later stages the most in terms of environmental impacts. In order to achieve sustainable product development, one of the considerations to be taken during the design stage is EOL management. EOL management process can be enhanced by utilizing a robust design method as well as an effective method for evaluating product design. Recent researches show that application of axiomatic design in the field of eco-design (especially design for EOL management) is still in a premature stage despite having a vast application area that covers the aspect of product design, manufacturing and supply chain management. Nonetheless, a case study published recently on eco-design using axiomatic approach has shown adequate feasibility and effectiveness. Therefore, design for sustainable EOL using axiomatic approach is worth further exploration.

Product Life-Cycle Modeling and Evaluation at the Conceptual Design Stage: A Digraph and Matrix Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Anand ◽  
M. F. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Matrix Approach ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Life Cycle Design ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Digraph And Matrix Approach

An evaluation procedure for product life-cycle design at the conceptual stage is presented using a digraph and matrix approach. Life-cycle design attributes are identified and used to evaluate a life-cycle design index. The ideal value of this index is also obtained, which is useful in assessing the relative life-cycle design value of product design alternatives. A step-by-step procedure for the evaluation of the life-cycle design index is presented and illustrated by means of two examples.

Evaluating End-of-Life Recovery Profit by a Simultaneous Consideration of Product Design and Recovery Network Design

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjung Kwak ◽  
Harrison M. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Architectural Characteristics

Product recovery has become a field of rapidly growing interest for product manufacturers as a promising solution for product stewardship as well as for economic viability. Because product recovery is highly dependent on the way a product is designed, it should be considered in the design stage so that the product is designed to have high recovery potential. To make a product easy to recover, manufacturers first need to understand the links between product design and recovery profit and be able to evaluate which design is better than others and why. This study proposes a framework for analyzing how design differences affect product recovery and what architectural characteristics are desirable from the end-of-life perspective. For better design evaluation, an optimization-based model is developed, which considers product design and recovery network design simultaneously. For illustration, a comparative study with cell phone examples is presented. Three cell phone handset designs that share the same design concept but have different architectural characteristics are created, and the recovery potential of each design variant is evaluated under three different recovery scenarios. The results show that the framework can highlight preferred design alternatives and their design implications for the economic viability of end-of-life recovery.

Maximizing Profits From End-of-Life and Initial Sales With Heterogeneous Consumer Demand

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Life Decisions

Growing concerns from customers and the government about product disposal highlight the necessity of improving product take-back systems to retain the embedded values in disposed products. Progress has been made toward minimizing the cost of the end-of-life (EOL) processes. While some progress has been made in recovering end-of-life value through decision making in the early design stage, contradictive objectives make it difficult to simultaneously optimize initial sales profits and EOL value. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to integrate end-of-life recovery value considerations with product design decisions. The improvement of component reuse value or recycling value is achieved by linking design decisions in the early design stage with end-of-life decisions in order to maximize total product value across the span of product life cycle. A matrix based representation that can group components into several end-of-life modules with the same end-of-life decisions is also presented. The results are discussed to compare different design alternatives to understand their influence on net present product lifecycle value. The original contribution here is the simultaneous consideration of profits from initial and returned product sales, resulting from consumer demand as a function of heterogeneous preferences for the product attribute set. In order to estimate consumer demand resulting from discrete choices made by individuals, a random coefficient, mixed logit model was employed. The proposed method is illustrated through a cell phone example of product design decisions and end-of-life strategies.

Sustainable Product Design by a Simultaneous Consideration of Pre-Life and End-of-Life of Products

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjung Kwak ◽  
Harrison M. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Sustainable Product Design ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Sustainable Product

Product recovery has become a field of rapidly growing interest for product manufacturers as a promising solution for product stewardship as well as economic viability. As product recovery is a process highly dependent upon the way a product is designed, it should be considered early at the design stage so that the product may be designed to facilitate efficient and effective recovery at its end-of-life stage. To make a product easy to recover, manufacturing companies first need to understand the links between product design and recovery profit. They should be able to evaluate which design is better than others and why that is so. To accommodate such companies that seek for a design-for-recovery method, in this paper, a comparative study is conducted to analyze how design differences affect product recovery and what architecture characteristics are desirable from the end-of-life perspective. Three cell phone handset designs sharing the same design concept but entailing different architecture are created, for which the individual designs and the recovery potential of each design are evaluated under three different scenarios. The results highlight preferred design alternatives with their design implications for sustainable product design.

scholarly journals Estimating the Cost of Product Recycling with the Use of Ecodesign Support System

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karwasz ◽  
Ewa Dostatni ◽  
Jacek Diakun ◽  
Damian Grajewski ◽  
Radosław Wichniarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Support System ◽  
Original System ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
System A ◽  
Product Recycling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sample Estimate

Abstract The paper focuses on issues associated with the ecodesign of household appliances. The authors describe the estimation of recycling cost of end-of-life products using their original system supporting ecodesign. The cost estimate was conducted during product design stage using the information stored in CAD 3D system. A sample estimate was made for a washing machine, fridge, kettle, and a hairdryer.

Integrating End-of-Life and Initial Profit Considerations in Product Life Cycle Design

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Deborah Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Life Decisions

Growing concerns from customers and the government about product disposal highlight the necessity of improving product take-back systems to retain the embedded values in disposed products. Progress has been made towards minimizing the cost of the disassembly process. While some progress has been made in improving end-of-life (EOL) value through decision making in the early design stage, contradictive objectives make it difficult to simultaneously optimize initial sales profits and EOL value. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to integrate end-of-life recovery value considerations with product design decisions. The improvement of component reuse value or recycling value is achieved by linking design decisions in the early design stage with end-of-life decisions in order to maximize total product value across the span of the life cycle. A matrix based representation that can group components into several end-of-life modules with similar end-of-life decisions is also presented. The results are discussed to compare different design alternatives to understand their influence on product lifecycle value. The proposed method is illustrated through an example involving cell phone product design decisions and end-of-life strategies.

Truck Redesign Case: Simulating the Target Costing Process in a Product Design Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Everaert ◽  
Dan W. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Target Costing ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Goal Setting Theory ◽  
Setting Theory

ABSTRACT This active learning exercise simulates the target costing process and demonstrates how a management theory (goal setting theory) is relevant to a business improvement initiative (target costing). As part of the target costing simulation, student participants work in teams to address a business issue (product development) that moves across functional boundaries. The simulation begins with students learning how to assemble a model truck and calculate its product cost using activity-based costing. Students are then divided into teams and instructed to reduce the truck's cost through a redesign exercise, subject to certain customer requirements and quality constraints. Typically, the teams achieve cost reduction by eliminating unnecessary parts, by using less expensive parts, and by using less part variety. This exercise provides a unique opportunity for students to actively participate in a redesign exercise. It results in student teams creating a wide variety of truck designs with vastly different product costs. The case ends by having a discussion about target costing, goal setting theory, and the implications of the target costing simulation. This simulation contains a number of specific learning objectives. First, students learn how the greatest opportunity for cost reduction occurs during the product design stage of the product development cycle. Second, students see firsthand how design-change decisions affect a product's costs, and the role of the cost information in guiding those decisions. Third, students experience the cross-functional interaction that occurs between sales and marketing, design engineering, and accounting during product development. Finally, this exercise helps students understand the concept of target costing. The simulation is appropriate for undergraduate or graduate management accounting classes. Data Availability:  For more information about this case, contact the first author at [email protected].

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