HIV and the dual burden of malnutrition in Senegal, 1994–2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1165-1173
Author(s):  
Noelle A Benzekri ◽  
Moussa Seydi ◽  
Ibrahima NDoye ◽  
Macoumba Toure ◽  
Nancy B Kiviat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Commercial Sex Work ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Negative

The aims of this study were to determine the nutritional status of HIV-positive versus HIV-negative adults in Senegal and to identify predictors of nutritional status among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We conducted a retrospective study using data from individuals enrolled in previous studies in Senegal. Undernutrition was defined as body mass index (BMI) <18.5 and overnutrition was defined as BMI ≥25.0. Subcategories of overnutrition were overweight (defined as BMI 25.0–29.9) and obesity (BMI ≥30.0). Predictors of nutritional status were identified using multinomial logistic regression. Data from 2448 adults were included; 1471 (60%) were HIV positive. Among HIV-negative individuals, the prevalence of undernutrition decreased from 23% in 1994–1999 to 5% in 2006–2012, while the prevalence of overnutrition increased from 19 to 55%. Among PLHIV, undernutrition decreased from 52 to 37% and overnutrition increased from 10 to 15%. Women had greater odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR] 11.4; p < 0.01). Among HIV-positive women, undernutrition was associated with WHO stage 3 or 4 and CD4 cell count <200; antiretroviral therapy (ART) and education were protective. Obesity was associated with age > 35 years, commercial sex work, and alcohol use. Among HIV-positive men, WHO stage 3 or 4 and CD4 cell count <200 were predictive of undernutrition; ART was protective. Our study highlights the need for the integration of nutrition interventions into HIV programs in Senegal and suggests that for nutrition programs to be most effective, strategies may need to differ when targeting men versus women. Furthermore, improving access to education and focusing on women for nutrition interventions could be of particularly high impact at the household level.

scholarly journals Assessment of Markers of Depression and CD4 Cell Count among Adult HIV-Positive Patients on Anti-Retroviral at a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
A. Amoko ◽  
P.O. Ajiboye ◽  
F.A. Olagunju ◽  
R.O. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Depression is a common mental health problem among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); because low count of lymphocytes with  cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4 cell count) is associated with severe symptoms of HIV infection, there are thoughts that low CD4 cells count can provoke depressive illness. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between CD4 count and depression among adult HIV positivepatients attending Family Medicine clinics at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria.Method: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was done over a period of 6 months among 350 systematically randomly selected adult HIV-positive patients. PHQ-9 was used to obtain information on depression and the CD4 count was determined using a flow-cytometric method. Data were obtained and analyzed using SPSS-17. Chi-square was used to determine degree of association between the depression and the level of CD4 count. P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of depression among the respondents was 33.4%. The prevalence of depression was highest among respondents with low CD4 count (≤349cells/ul), 37.0%, and least among those with high CD4 count (≥500cells/ul), 28.3%. This relationship was however not statistically significant.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of depression was high among the respondents (33.4%) suggesting the need for routine depression screening among HIV positive patients. There was no statistically significant association between presence of depression and level of CD4 count (p-value=0.302). Keywords: Depression, CD4count, PLWHA, Family Medicine, UITH.

scholarly journals The THE SPECTRUM OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY AT MERPATI CLINIC, BALI, INDONESIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
NOVIANA JOENPUTRI ◽  
KETUT SURYANA
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Infections contributed to higher morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) and associated factors among PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Denpasar, Bali. Methods: This was a retrospective study. All of PLWHA, who still receiving HAART at Merpati Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included as subjects in this study. All data were collected through a review of the complete medical record of patients. Results: The prevalence of OIs in this study was 43.4%. Most PLWHA who experienced OIs were male (68.8%), age ≤40 y old with a median of age 36 y old, educational status senior high school (57.7%), married (62.1%), employed (89.7%), CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/µl (67.6%) and transmission route of HIV non-Intravenous (IV) drug user (99.2%). Sex, age, marital status, and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with OIs, p=0.000, p=0.005, p=0.005, and p=0.000, respectively. Conclusion: The commonest OI in this study was pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of OIs was associated with sex, age of HIV diagnosis, marital status, and CD4 cell count. With the knowledge of OIs spectrum, clinicians are expected to be able to prevent, diagnose and treat OIs promptly to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by OIs efficiently.

scholarly journals The correlation of tuberculosis smear results and immuno-suppression with CD4+ counts as a surrogate marker among HIV infected patients.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Kamvuma ◽  
Yusuf ademola ◽  
Warren Chanda ◽  
Christopher Newton Phiri ◽  
Sam Bezza Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and M.tuberculosis are two intracellular pathogens that interact at the cellular, clinical and population levels. Since the recognition of AIDS in 1981, the number of reported cases of TB in the has increased substantially, especially in regions with high incidence of AIDS. The main aim of this study was to establish weather there is a relationship between sputum smear positives and low CD4 cell counts among HIV infected patients.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study involving 473 participants. The patients recruited in this study were those who tested HIV positive and smear positive for TB. Their HIV status was determined by performing an HIV blood test, if they were HIV positive their CD4 cell count were then made.Results: This study examined the relation between smear positivity and low CD4 (below 200cells/µl) together with CD8 and CD3 markers as a measure of immune function among patients infected with HIV. The study participants’ constituted males 67% and females 33%. The overall mean age was 33.2 (SD 6.9) with the youngest and oldest participants being 18 and 60 respectively. It was found that smear positive results negatively (r=-0.13; p=0.021) correlated with CD4+ below 200 cells/µl. No correlation was observed between smear positives and CD8+ or CD3+ since the calculated correlation coefficient was not significant 0.007 (p=0.9) and 0.03 (p=0.6) respectively. There are more 3+ smear results below 200 cells/µl than the others while above 200 cells/µl 1+ was the most commonly reported smear result. The scanty smear positives were the least commonly reported result in the low and high CD4 counts. Conclusion: The smear positive result negatively correlated with a low CD4+ (r=-0.13; p=0.021) but no correlation with low CD+8 and CD+3 results was observed. The long held theory that low bacillary counts in patients with low CD4+ counts needs to be revisited. The reduction of CD4+ cell count parallels' that of the total lymphocyte count and is more marked in patients with high bacillary counts. Further, studies are required to confirm these findings

CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS AT TERTIARY CENTRE

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Anubhav Agrawal ◽  
Simmi Dube ◽  
Aditya Tejwani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell

BACKGROUND-The study was conducted to describe systematic clinical manifestations among HIV in PLHA at tertiary care centre. METHODOLOGY- This study was designed as cross sectional study at Department of Medicine, tertiary care centre. A total of 100 HIV infected patients were included detailed enquiry about presence of skin lesions along with CD4 cell count was obtained and entered in pretested questionnaire RESULTS-The mean age of patients with HIV was 43.9±10.2 years and Slight female preponderance was observed with male: 3 female ratio of 0.89:1. Mean CD4 count was 243.2±103.2 cells/mm . Majority of patients had CD4 count in the range of less than 3 200 cells/mm (64%) Staphylococcal skin infections were the most common skin lesions observed in 34% patients. All the patients with cutaneous manifestations presented in present study had low CD4 cell count. However, no statistically signicant association between CD4 count and cutaneous manifestations could be documented (p>0.05). CONCLUSION-Cutaneous manifestations are more prevalent in patients with lower CD4 counts and can also be observed with normal CD4 count levels amongst patients with HIV. Occurrence of cutaneous manifestations was higher in patients with lower CD4 count but the observed difference was not statistically signicant.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite infection by HIV infection status among asymptomatic adults in rural Gabon

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1024-1034
Author(s):  
Jeanne Vanessa Koumba Lengongo ◽  
Bedrich Pongui Ngondza ◽  
Bridy Moutombi Ditombi ◽  
Noé Patrick M’Bondoukwé ◽  
Jacques Mari Ndong Ngomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Intestinal Parasite Infection ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Intestinal parasites infections are endemic in Gabon. Nevertheless, they are rarely described in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Objective: The frequency of intestinal parasite infection was estimated and compared between HIV-positive and HIV un- infected individuals in Gabon; factors associated with intestinal parasites were also analysed. Material and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design sociodemographic data, life style habits, antiretroviral therapy, cotrimoxazole use and CD4 cell count were recorded.. Stool samples from participants living in Koulamoutou and Oyem were analysed using microscopy. Chi-squared or fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression were performed. Results: Among participants (n=332), female gender was predominant (73.7%; n=135/183) and the median age was 45 [33-57] years old. Among 183 samples, 53.6% (n = 98/183) were infected by intestinal parasites. The proportion was higher (72.1%) in HIV negative participants compared to PLHIV (42.6%) (p <0.01). PLHIV were more frequently poly-infected. Infection was frequent in patients using external toilets and tap water (>70.0%). Conclusion: Prevalence of intestinal parasites is higher in seronegative participants but polyparasitism is more frequent in PLHIV. Strategies are focused on HIV negative population, but this study shows the importance of sensitization for PLHIV to improve their quality of life. Keywords: Intestinal parasites; Human immunodeficiency virus; cotrimoxazole; CD4 cell; Gabon.

scholarly journals Retention in Care among Patients with Early HIV Disease in Haiti

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Hennessey ◽  
Taina Dadaille Leger ◽  
Vanessa R. Rivera ◽  
Adias Marcelin ◽  
Margaret L. McNairy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Cd4 Cell

In September 2015, the World Health Organization updated their guidelines to recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with HIV. Countries are now in the process of implementing strategies to provide universal HIV treatment. We analyzed the rate of retention and time to ART eligibility (according to 2013 WHO guidelines) among 3,345 adult patients receiving positive HIV test results between February 1, 2003 and March 31, 2013 at the GHESKIO Clinic in Haiti, with WHO stage 1 or 2 disease and initial CD4 cell count >500 cells/mm3. Among the 3,345 patients, 2,423 (72%) were female, the median age was 33 years, 3,089 (92%) lived in Port-au-Prince, and 1,944 (58%) had attended no school or primary school only. The median initial CD4 cell count was 668 cells/mm3 (IQR: 572-834); over the subsequent 2 years, 1,485 patients (44%) were lost to follow-up and 7 (<1%) died pre-ART, 1,041 (31%) were retained in pre-ART care, and 819 (24%) initiated ART. In multivariate analysis, secondary education (aOR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.10-1.47), female gender (aOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09-1.50), co-habitation (aOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.57), and residence in Port-au-Prince (aOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09-1.88) were associated with retention in care. The median time from baseline CD4 count to ART eligibility was 1.7 years. Prior to the implementation of universal treatment, pre-ART attrition was high among patients who did not qualify for ART at presentation. Though implementing WHO recommendations for universal ART will require service expansion, it will likely result in improved retention for those at risk of being lost to follow-up.

scholarly journals CD4+ cell count stratification to guide tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lelia H. Chaisson ◽  
Valeria Saraceni ◽  
Silvia Cohn ◽  
Dena Seabrook ◽  
Solange C. Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression Among Women Living with HIV: Prevalence and Correlations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Abdilahi Yousuf ◽  
Ramli Musa ◽  
Muhammad Lokman Md. Isa ◽  
Siti Roshaidai Mohd Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Introduction: It has been found that HIV positive women are becoming increasingly affected by various illnesses, including Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) such as depression. Such comorbidity escalates the disease progression to the severe stage and commonly hinders treatment adherence. This study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depression amidst women living with HIV. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional and facility-based study, 357 HIV positive women were recruited using the systematic sampling technique from two public hospitals in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered for screening, and followed by a pre-tested questionnaire that comprised of Perceived Social Support and HIV stigma. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of both anxiety and depression amidst HIV positive women was 28.9% and 32.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, it was discovered that lack of formal education, being divorced, unemployed, and earning a monthly income less than 1400 ETB (37.5 USD) were significantly associated with depression. Women with symptomatic HIV clinical stage III (AOR =2.06, 95% C.I (0.75-5.61), with CD4 cell count below 250 (AOR = 1.14, 95% C.I (0.57-2.28), and with co-infections (AOR= 1.04, 95% C.I (0.40-2.71) also suffered from depression. Conclusion: The study outcomes show that the prevalence of depression in women with HIV was 32.5%, but they were more likely to be depressed if they were illiterate, divorced, unemployed or had a financial burden. In addition, HIV positive women with less CD4 cell count and in the final clinical stage or suffered from a co-infection were also associated with depressive symptoms. This signifies the public health implications of psychological and cognitive morbidities of the illness among these women with chronic illnesses. Hence, future mental health interventions and HIV care should be integrated with substantial emphasis given to vulnerable groups, including HIV positive women.

scholarly journals A clinico epidemiological study of pediatric dermatoses of HIV infected children in a tertiary care hospital of North Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Mrinmoy Bairagi ◽  
Tanushree Mandal ◽  
Balai Chandra Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: Pediatric Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its dermatological manifestation has emerged a serious burden globally including India. Dermatological manifestations are unique in pediatric HIV infection and related to CD4 cell count and its percentage. The study was carried out to assess the cutaneous manifestation of HIV positive pediatric patients and its correlation with CD4 cell count in eastern part of India below 12 years of age.Methods: This analytic epidemiological study with prospective observational design was carried among 30 HIV positive children below 12 years of age in our institution over a period of one year.Results: Total 30 HIV infected children were studied among male 23 (76.67%)) and female 7 (23.33%). Age ranged from birth to 12 years with mean was 6.39±2.48 years. The skin lesions are highest in 3-6 yrs age group 12 (40%) and 33.33% of them had CD4 counts between 500-750 while 3.33% had CD4 counts above 1500. 27 patients (90%) were received ART and 3 (10%) patients were without ART. Nine distinct patterns of lesions: abscess (3), furuncles (1), maculopapular rash (2), papular (7), pruritic (10), plaque (3), soreness of tongue (2), pustules (1) and red scaly (1) were detected. 46.67% pain (14), 40.0% itching (12) and 13.33% burning sensation (4) were the main symptoms and 20.0% face (6), 16.7% oral cavity (5), 20.0% hands (6), 10.0% abdomen (3) and 33.3% legs (10) were principal site of involvement. 13 different skin lesions: fungal infection (3), furuncles (1), urticaria (4), scabies (5), prurigo (5), measles (1), molluscum contagiosum (1), abscess (3), venous leg (1), pyoderma (1), atopic dermatitis (1), chicken pox (2) and glossitis (2) were diagnosed.Conclusions: Various dermatological manifestations are common with pediatric HIV infection and sometime are the first clinical presentation that is well correlated with CD4 cell count and its percentage.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document