scholarly journals Prevalence of mental health conditions amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus in one of the most deprived localities in England

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 619-626
Author(s):  
A Gill ◽  
AWIP Ranasinghe ◽  
A Sumathipala ◽  
KA Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact

Mental health conditions (MHCs) are often unrecognised which can result in detrimental physical health outcomes and poor quality of life. This can be compounded by the impact of deprivation. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are more likely to be affected by MHCs which if untreated, may result in both clinical and psychosocial adversities. To ascertain the prevalence of and factors associated with MHCs in the human immunodeficiency virus cohort of Stoke-on-Trent, which is the 13th most deprived locality in England, we conducted a cross-sectional service evaluation using electronic records of 302 PLWH attending the service between October 2018 and January 2019. The prevalence of MHCs amongst PLWH was 33.4% (101/302). Depression was the most prevalent MHC affecting 17.2% (52/302). Those of white ethnicity were at higher risk (odds ratio [OR] = 3.14; p < 0.01) of MHCs compared to black Asian and minority ethnic groups. Women were at higher risk of having an MHC (OR = 3.15; p < 0.01), and recreational drug use was also a significant factor (OR = 16.18; p = 0.01) associated with MHCs. There is sub-optimal access and heterogeneity in the modes of referral to mental health support services. Commissioning constraints will further detrimentally affect our ability to provide support in an already deprived area, thus widening health inequalities affecting the most vulnerable.

scholarly journals Loneliness, coping, suicidal thoughts and self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeat cross-sectional UK population survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e048123
Author(s):  
Ann John ◽  
Sze Chim Lee ◽  
Susan Solomon ◽  
David Crepaz-Keay ◽  
Shari McDaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThere has been speculation on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdown on suicidal thoughts and self-harm and the factors associated with any change. We aimed to assess the effects and change in effects of risk factors including loneliness and coping, as well as pre-existing mental health conditions on suicidal thoughts and self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThis study was a repeated cross-sectional online population-based survey.Participants and measuresNon-probability quota sampling was adopted on the UK adult population and four waves of data were analysed during the pandemic (17 March 2020 to 29 May 2020). Outcomes were suicidal thoughts and self-harm associated with the pandemic while loneliness, coping, pre-existing mental health conditions, employment status and demographics were covariates. We ran binomial regressions to evaluate the adjusted risks of the studied covariates as well as the changes in effects over time.ResultsThe proportion of individuals who felt lonely increased sharply from 9.8% to 23.9% after the UK lockdown began. Young people (aged 18–24 years), females, students, those who were unemployed and individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions were more likely to report feeling lonely and not coping well. 7.7%–10.0% and 1.9%–2.2% of respondents reported having suicidal thoughts and self-harm associated with the pandemic respectively throughout the period studied. Results from cross-tabulation and adjusted regression analyses showed young adults, coping poorly and with pre-existing mental health conditions were significantly associated with suicidal thoughts and self-harm. Loneliness was significantly associated with suicidal thoughts but not self-harm.ConclusionsThe association between suicidality, loneliness and coping was evident in young people during the early stages of the pandemic. Developing effective interventions designed and coproduced to address loneliness and promote coping strategies during prolonged social isolation may promote mental health and help mitigate suicidal thoughts and self-harm associated with the pandemic.

scholarly journals Parental mental health conditions and use of healthcare services in children the first year of life– a register-based, nationwide study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Heuckendorff ◽  
Martin Nygård Johansen ◽  
Søren Paaske Johnsen ◽  
Charlotte Overgaard ◽  
Kirsten Fonager
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Paternal Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Parental mental health conditions have been associated with increased morbidity and use of healthcare services in offspring. Existing studies have not examined different severities of parental mental health conditions, and the impact of paternal mental health has been overlooked. We examined the association between two severities of parental mental health conditions and use of healthcare services for children during the first year of life and explored the impact of both maternal and paternal mental health conditions. Methods This register-based cohort study included all live-born children born in Denmark from 2000 to 2016. Information on socioeconomics, diagnoses, drug prescriptions, and healthcare contacts was extracted from nationwide public registries. Parents were grouped according to severity of mental condition based on the place of treatment of the mental health condition. Negative binominal regression analyses were performed to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of contacts to general practice (GP), out-of-hour medical service, emergency room (ER), and out- and inpatient hospital contacts during the first 12 months of the child’s life. Results The analyses included 964,395 children. Twenty percent of the mothers and 12 % of the fathers were identified with mental health conditions. Paternal mental health conditions were independently associated with increased risk of infant healthcare contacts (GP IRR 1.05 (CI95% 1.04–1.06) and out-of-hour IRR 1.20 (CI95% 1.18–1.22)). Risks were higher for maternal mental health conditions (GP IRR 1.18 (CI95% 1.17–1.19) and out-of-hour IRR 1.39 (CI95% 1.37–1.41)). The risks were even higher if both parents were classified with a mental health condition (GP IRR 1.25 (CI95% 1.23–1.27) and out-of-hour contacts IRR 1.49 (CI95% 1.45–1.54)), including minor mental health condition (GP IRR 1.22 (CI95% 1.21–1.24) and out-of-hour IRR 1.37 (CI95% 1.34–1.41)). This pattern was the same for all types of healthcare contacts. Conclusions Both maternal and paternal mental health conditions, including minor mental health conditions, were associated with increased utilization of healthcare services. Focus on both parents’ mental health conditions (even if minor) may be warranted in service planning.

Prevalence of parental mental health conditions among children aged 0–16 years in Denmark: A nationwide register-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110454
Author(s):  
Amanda M.S. Christesen ◽  
Camilla K. Knudsen ◽  
Kirsten Fonager ◽  
Martin N. Johansen ◽  
Signe Heuckendorff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Aim: Parental mental health conditions adversely affect the children. Information on the prevalence of parental mental health conditions is needed to help policymakers allocate resources appropriately. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of children with parental mental health conditions in Denmark and further estimate the age-specific prevalence and geographical variation. Methods: In this nationwide register-based cross-sectional study, we included all children born between 2000 and 2016 if they resided in Denmark on 31 December 2016. Information on both maternal and paternal mental health conditions was retrieved from primary and secondary healthcare registers. Parental mental health conditions were categorised in three severity groups: minor, moderate, and severe. We estimated the proportion of children with parental mental health conditions on 31 December 2016. Results: Of the 1,106,459 children aged 0–16 years, 39.1% had at least one parent with a mental health condition. The prevalence increased with age of the children until the age of six years. Geographical variation in the prevalence ranged from 29.0% to 48.3% in the 98 municipalities. Minor parental mental health conditions (23.5%) were more common than moderate (13.5%) and severe parental mental health conditions (2.2%). Hospital-diagnosed parental mental health conditions were prevalent in 12.8% of the children. Conclusions: Two in five children aged 0–16 years in Denmark have parents with a mental health condition and geographical variation exists. The high prevalence of children with parental mental health conditions is an important public health challenge, which calls for attention.

scholarly journals Experiences of living with mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a coproduced, participatory qualitative interview study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Gillard ◽  
Ceri Dare ◽  
Jackie Hardy ◽  
Patrick Nyikavaranda ◽  
Rachel Rowan Olive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPurposeResearch is beginning to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on people with pre-existing mental health conditions. Our paper addresses a lack of in-depth qualitative research exploring their experiences and perceptions of how life has changed at this time.MethodsWe used qualitative interviews (N=49) to explore experiences of the pandemic for people with pre-existing mental health conditions. In a participatory, coproduced approach, researchers with lived experiences of mental health conditions conducted interviews and analysed data as part of a multi-disciplinary research team.ResultsExisting mental health difficulties were exacerbated for many people. People experienced specific psychological impacts of the pandemic, struggles with social connectedness, and inadequate access to mental health services, while some found new ways to cope and connect to community. New remote ways to access mental health care, including digital solutions, provided continuity of care for some but presented substantial barriers for others. People from black and ethnic minority (BAME) communities experienced heightened anxiety, stigma and racism associated with the pandemic, further impacting their mental health.ConclusionThere is a need for evidence-based solutions to achieve accessible and effective mental health care in response to the pandemic, especially remote approaches to care. Further research should explore the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on people with pre-existing mental health conditions. Particular attention should be paid to understanding inequalities of impact on mental health, especially for people from BAME communities.

scholarly journals Higher Education Completion Rates for Domestic Undergraduate Students Who Access Mental Health Services Using A Multi-Agency Matched Population Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Cowie ◽  
Luke Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Service Use ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

By linking Education, Health, and Welfare data in the Multi-Agency Data Integration Project (MADIP), our analysis looked at the impact of poor mental health on the likelihood of completing an undergraduate degree in Australia. IntroductionCompletion of a bachelor degree is important to both the student and the government, as it provides lifelong benefits and prevents investment loss. Previous research has reported conflicting findings regarding whether students with mental ill health are less likely to complete a degree, with an estimated 25 per cent of young adult university students experiencing mental ill-health each year. Objectives and ApproachOur research analysed national mental health service use and related pharmaceutical prescriptions linked with education data to determine the extent and effect of known mental health conditions on undergraduate student six-year completion rates. We followed a de-identified cohort of 120,000 students who commenced an undergraduate degree for the first time in 2011 for six years. Summary statistics and a binomial logit was used on a matched sample to confirm significance. ResultsWe found that students with a known mental health condition had a significantly lower six-year completion rate (58 per cent) than those students with no known mental health condition (71 per cent). By simulating a randomised control trial controlling for a wide range of demographics, we showed that these results held and that completion rates worsened with increasing severity of mental health conditions, as measured by usage of psychiatric services. ConclusionIntegrated data assets such as MADIP help us better understand the interaction between student success and mental health conditions which in turn will help us improve policy and better evaluate programs.

scholarly journals Harm Perceptions of E-cigarettes Among Smokers With and Without Mental Health Conditions in England: A Cross-Sectional Population Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Albert Smith ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
Sarah E Jackson ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Introduction E-cigarettes (ECs) may benefit smokers with mental health conditions who are more likely to smoke, and smoke more heavily, than those without mental health conditions. This could be undermined if harm misperceptions in this group are high as is the case in the general population. This study aimed to assess EC harm perceptions relative to cigarettes as a function of mental health status and a variety of characteristics. Methods Data were collected from 6531 current smokers in 2016/2017 in household surveys of representative samples of adults. The associations of mental health status (self-reported mental health condition and past year treatment), smoking and EC use characteristics, and characteristics relating to use of potential information sources with harm perceptions of ECs relative to cigarettes (measured by correct response “less harmful” vs. wrong responses “more harmful,” “equally harmful,” “don’t know”) were analyzed with logistic regression. Results A similar proportion of smokers without mental health conditions (61.5%, 95% CI 60.1–62.9) and with mental health conditions (both with [61.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 58.7–63.8] and without past year treatment [61.5%, 95% CI 58.1–64.7]) held inaccurate EC harm perceptions (all P &gt; 0.05). Being female, nonwhite, aged 25–34 compared with 16–24, from lower social grades (C2, D, and E), not having post-16 qualifications, no EC experience, a daily smoker, unmotivated to quit &lt;1 month, non-internet user and non-broadsheet reader were all associated with more inaccurate harm perceptions (all p &lt; .05). Conclusions The majority of smokers in England have inaccurate harm perceptions of ECs regardless of mental health status. Implications This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample in order to investigate whether smokers with and without mental health conditions differ with regard to harm perceptions of ECs. Findings show that the majority of smokers in England hold inaccurate harm perceptions of ECs, and this does not differ as a function of mental health status. A number of characteristics associated with disadvantaged groups were significantly associated with inaccurate harm perceptions. These findings highlight the need to improve awareness and understanding among disadvantaged groups regarding the relative harms of ECs compared with tobacco.

scholarly journals Association of socioeconomic and lifestyle-related risk factors with mental health conditions: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwako Nagasu ◽  
Kazutaka Kogi ◽  
Isamu Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Household Disposable Income

Abstract Background There is rising public concern over the widening health inequalities in many countries. The aim of this study was to clarify the associations of socioeconomic status (SES)-related variables, such as levels of household disposable income and employment status, and lifestyle factors with mental health conditions among Japanese adults aged 40 to 69. Methods A cross-sectional study of 3085 participants (1527 males and 1558 females) was undertaken by using a self-administered questionnaire that included the Japanese version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and questions related to socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Results The prevalence of poor mental health conditions, represented by a GHQ-12 score of 4 or more, was 33.4% among males and 40.4% among females. Males whose annual household disposable income was less than 2 million yen had significantly higher GHQ-12 scores than those with an annual household disposable income above 2 million yen. As per binary logistic regression analyses, short sleep duration and the absence of physical exercise were significantly related to poor mental health conditions among both males and females. Among females, a household disposable income of less than 2 million yen could be a risk factor for poor mental health conditions. Age and habitual drinking were inversely associated with poor mental health conditions. Conclusions Low levels of household disposable income and unhealthy lifestyle factors were significantly associated with mental health conditions. These results suggest the importance of improving unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and developing effective health promotion programmes. In addition, there is a need for social security systems for people from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

scholarly journals Parental mental health conditions and use of healthcare services in children the first year of life – a register-based, nationwide study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Heuckendorff ◽  
Martin Nygård Johansen ◽  
Søren Paaske Johnsen ◽  
Charlotte Overgaard ◽  
Kirsten Fonager
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Paternal Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Parental mental health conditions have been associated with increased morbidity and use of healthcare services in offspring. Existing studies have not examined different severities of parental mental health conditions, and the impact of paternal mental health has been overlooked.We examined the association between two severities of parental mental health conditions and use of healthcare services for children during the first year of life and explored the impact of both maternal and paternal mental health conditions. Methods This register-based cohort study included all live-born children born in Denmark from 2000-2016. Information on socioeconomics, diagnoses, drug prescriptions, and healthcare contacts was extracted from nationwide public registries. Parents were grouped according to severity of mental condition based on the place of treatment of the mental health condition. Poisson regression analyses were performed to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of contacts to general practice (GP), out-of-hour medical service, emergency room (ER), and out- and inpatient hospital contacts during the first 12 months of the child’s life.Results The analyses included 964395 children. Twenty percent of the mothers and twelve percent of the fathers were identified with mental health conditions. Paternal mental health conditions were independently associated with increased risk of infant healthcare contacts (GP IRR 1.05 (CI95% 1.04-1.05) and out-of-hour IRR 1.20 (CI95% 1.18-1.21)). Risks were higher for maternal mental health conditions (GP IRR 1.17 (CI95% 1.17-1.18) and out-of-hour IRR 1.38 (CI95% 1.37-1.37)). The risks were even higher if both parents were classified with a mental health condition (GP IRR 1.24 (CI95% 1.23-1.25) and out-of-hour contacts IRR 1.48 (CI95% 1.45-1.51)), including minor mental health condition (GP IRR 1.22 (CI95% 1.22-1.23) and out-of-hour IRR 1.37 (CI95% 1.35-1.39)). This pattern was the same for all types of healthcare contacts.Conclusions Both maternal and paternal mental health conditions, including minor mental health conditions, were associated with increased utilization of healthcare services. Focus on both parents’ mental health conditions (even if minor) may be warranted in service planning.

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