Prevalence of Urogenital Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in El Salvador I. Infection during Pregnancy and Perinatal Transmission

One-hundred and twenty-nine pregnant women in labour (age range 15–46 years; median age 23) and 42 infants born to chlamydia-positive mothers (age range 5–15 days; median age 10) were investigated to estimate the prevalence and incidence, respectively, of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in San Salvador, El Salvador. Urethral and cervical samples were obtained from all women and conjunctival specimens were taken from both eyes of each child. The chlamydial antigen was detected with the commercial Pharmacia Chlamydia EIA kit. Direct immunofluorescence (DFA) (Syva MicroTrak) was used for confirmation. In the newborns both EIA and DFA tests on direct preparations from ocular smears were performed on all the samples. The prevalence of chlamydial infection in pregnant women was 44% (57/129). The incidence of chlamydial infection in neonates was 64% (27/42), and the majority of the infected children (56%) had conjunctivitis. Referring to individuals rather than specimens the sensitivity of EIA tests on conjunctival samples from the infants was low (37%) as compared with 91% on urethral and cervical specimens from the pregnant women.

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Prevalence of Urogenital Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in El Salvador. II. Gynaecology Outpatients

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/095646249200300607 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 434-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ana Berta Cañas Posada ◽

Jon Jonasson ◽

Leonor de Linares ◽

Solgun Bygdeman

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

El Salvador ◽

Direct Immunofluorescence ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Gray Zone ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽

San Salvador ◽

Urogenital Infection ◽

Healthy Women ◽

Chlamydial Antigen

The prevalence of urogenital infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis was examined in 100 non-pregnant women with cervicitis, and 100 healthy women, in San Salvador City, El Salvador. Pharmacia Chlamydia EIA test was used for the detection of chlamydial antigen in urethral and cervical specimens from all the women. Direct immunofluorescence was used for confirmative tests on the EIA positive and the negative gray zone samples. C. trachomatis antigen was detected in 28% of the women with cervicitis compared with 5% in the group of healthy women ( P < 0.001). The cervicitis group were also screened for Neisseria gonorrhoeae which was isolated from 12% of them. One strain out of 12 was beta-lactamase producing (PPNG). Five per cent of the women with cervicitis had simultaneous C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections.

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Chlamydia trachomatis infection and non-gonococcal urethritis in homosexual and heterosexual men in Edinburgh

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/095646202760029877 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 425-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L Dixon ◽

S Pearson ◽

D J Clutterbuck

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Chlamydial Infection ◽

Heterosexual Men ◽

Homosexual Men ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Routine Testing ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽

Gonococcal Urethritis ◽

The Usa ◽

And Bisexual

In 1998, when ligase chain reaction testing for chlamydial infection was introduced in our clinic in Edinburgh, routine clinic protocol included the testing of all heterosexual, but not homosexual, men for urethral chlamydial infection. We audited all new homosexual and bisexual male attendees with a diagnosis of chlamydial infection or non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in 1999, together with heterosexual men with the same diagnoses attending in alternate months of the same year. Urethral Chlamydia trachomatis infection was detected in 14.6% (350/2402) of heterosexual men and 2.4% (11/465) of homosexual men tested. Fifty percent of chlamydial infections were asymptomatic. In this population 44% (84/190) of NGU in heterosexual men is attributable to C. trachomatis as opposed to only 10% (6/59) of that in homosexual men. These rates of chlamydial infection differ from previous reports in Scotland and recent studies from the USA. Our clinic protocol has been revised to include routine testing for chlamydial infection in all men.

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