scholarly journals Corepresentation During Joint Action in Marmoset Monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabia M. Miss ◽  
Judith M. Burkart
Keyword(s):  
Simon Effect ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Monkey Species ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Marmoset Monkeys

Behavioral coordination is a fundamental element of human cooperation. It is facilitated when individuals represent not only their own actions but also those of their partner. Identifying whether action corepresentation is unique to humans or also present in other species is therefore necessary to fully understand the evolution of human cooperation. We used the auditory joint Simon task to assess whether action corepresentation occurs in common marmosets, a monkey species that engages extensively in coordinated action during cooperative infant care. We found that marmosets indeed show a joint Simon effect. Furthermore, when coordinating their behavior in the joint task, they were more likely to look at their partner than in a joint control condition. Corepresentation is thus not unique to humans but also present in the cooperatively breeding marmosets. Since marmosets are small-brained monkeys, our results suggest that routine coordination in space and time, rather than complex cognitive abilities, plays a role in the evolution of corepresentation.

scholarly journals Metacontrol and joint action: how shared goals transfer from one task to another?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Liepelt ◽  
Markus Raab
Keyword(s):  
Simon Effect ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Cooperative Processing ◽  
Group Experience ◽  
Control State

AbstractIn most of our daily activities and in team sports, we interact with other individuals and do not act in isolation. Using a social variant of the standard two-choice Simon task, this study aims to test if competitive/cooperative processing modes (i.e., metacontrol states) change the degree of bodily self-other integration between two persons in joint action. In addition, and more exploratory the study tested if this effect depends on a shared group experience with the partner. Two participants shared a visual Simon task, so that each person basically performed complementary parts of the task, which transfers the paradigm into a go/no-go Simon task for each person. Before running this joint Simon task, we set both participants either in a competitive or a cooperative control state by means of a dyadic game, a manipulation aimed at testing possible goal transfer across tasks. We found significant joint Simon effects for participants who were in a competitive state and for participants who were in a cooperative state. The joint Simon effect for participants being in a competitive state was significantly smaller than for participants being in a cooperative state. When experiencing the goal induction together with the partner, the joint Simon effect was significantly decreased as when the induction was performed alone. Both effects (metacontrol state induction and shared experience) seem to be statistically independent of each other. In line with predictions of metacontrol state theory, our study indicated that abstract cognitive goal states can be transferred from one task to another task, able to affect the degree of bodily self-other integration across different task situations.

scholarly journals Deciphering the nature of the joint Simon effect through electromyographic analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Davranche ◽  
Clément Belletier ◽  
thibault gajdos ◽  
Carbonnell Laurence ◽  
Franck Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Simon Effect ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Motor Time ◽  
Automatic Response ◽  
Correspondence Effect ◽  
The Individual

This study aimed to apply electromyographic techniques and distributional analyses to test whether an increase in the strength of stimulus-response mapping could explain the mechanisms underlying the joint Simon effect. Within a single protocol, participants performed a Simon task and a Go/NoGo task in isolation, and a joint Go/NoGo task with a co-actor (joint Simon task). Results showed that joint-action impairs cognitive control and shortened reaction time by impacting both pre-motor time and motor time. Joint-action induced a larger facilitation on pre-motor time of ipsilateral than contralateral associations. This potentiation of the spatial correspondence effect plausibly explains the larger Simon-like effect usually observed in the joint Go/NoGo task compared to that observed in the isolated Go/NoGo task. The propensity of making incorrect activations and their concentration among fast responses also increased when working co-actively. Together, these findings indicate that joint-action increases the strength of automatic response capture induced by the stimulus location, promotes the delivery of the stronger association in the behavioral repertoire of the individual, and reduces cognitive control.

The Role of Visual Distractors in the Simon Effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Lugli ◽  
Stefania D’Ascenzo ◽  
Roberto Nicoletti ◽  
Carlo Umiltà
Keyword(s):  
Simon Effect ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Spatial Code ◽  
Attentional Model ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Spatial Stimulus ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Code Changes

Abstract. The Simon effect lies on the automatic generation of a stimulus spatial code, which, however, is not relevant for performing the task. Results typically show faster performance when stimulus and response locations correspond, rather than when they do not. Considering reaction time distributions, two types of Simon effect have been individuated, which are thought to depend on different mechanisms: visuomotor activation versus cognitive translation of spatial codes. The present study aimed to investigate whether the presence of a distractor, which affects the allocation of attentional resources and, thus, the time needed to generate the spatial code, changes the nature of the Simon effect. In four experiments, we manipulated the presence and the characteristics of the distractor. Findings extend previous evidence regarding the distinction between visuomotor activation and cognitive translation of spatial stimulus codes in a Simon task. They are discussed with reference to the attentional model of the Simon effect.

scholarly journals Control Strategies for the Transition From Multijoint to Single-Joint Arm Movements Studied Using a Simple Mechanical Constraint

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Scheidt ◽  
W. Zev Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
Normal Human

Changes were studied in neuromotor control that were evoked by constraining the motion of the elbow joint during planar, supported movements of the dominant arm in eight normal human subjects. Electromyograph (EMG) recordings from shoulder and arm muscles were used to determine whether the normal multijoint muscle activity patterns associated with reaching to a visual target were modified when the movement was reduced to a single-joint task, by pinning the elbow to a particular location in the planar work space. Three blocks of 150 movements each were used in the experiments. Subjects were presented with the unconstrained task in the first and third blocks with an intervening block of constrained trials. Kinematic, dynamic, and EMG measures of performance were compared across blocks. The imposition of the pin constraint caused predictable changes in kinematic performance, in that near-linear motions of the hand became curved. This was followed by changes in limb dynamic performance at the elbow. However, changes in EMG activity at the shoulder lagged the kinematic changes substantially (by about 15 trials). The gradual character of the changes in EMG timing does not support a primary role for segmental reflex action in mediating the transition between multijoint and single-joint control strategies. Furthermore, the scope and magnitude of these changes argues against the notion that human motor performance is driven by the optimization of muscle- or joint-related criteria alone. The findings are best described as reflecting the actions of a feedforward adaptive controller that has properties that are modified progressively according to the environmental state.

Binding of Event Files in a (go/no-go) Simon Task With an Accessory Peripheral Signal

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Maetens ◽  
David Henderickx ◽  
Eric Soetens
Keyword(s):  
Simon Effect ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Response Signal ◽  
Event File ◽  
Response Information ◽  
Event Files ◽  
Accessory Stimulus ◽  
Accessory Signal

To understand the relation between the Simon effect and the time course of relevant and irrelevant code activations, we presented the response signal before or simultaneously with a go/no-go signal in an accessory Simon task. A peripheral accessory signal could appear before, simultaneously with or after the go/no-go signal. We observed a Simon effect when the accessory signal was presented just before or simultaneously with the go signal, irrespective of the delay between response and go/no-go signal. The Simon effect reversed when the accessory signal was presented 150 ms after the go signal when response information was presented first and the participants had to make a go/no-go decision afterwards or when they had to select a response when the go signal appeared. The reversal did not occur when both decisions were required at the same time. Our data suggest that the integration and release of event files are involved in the occurrence of the reversal. Response activation induced by the accessory stimulus facilitates/interferes with the response when it is presented before the event file is integrated. When the accessory stimulus is presented after integration, the automatically activated response is inhibited, causing a delay in the corresponding reaction times.

scholarly journals Oxytocin is associated with infant-care behavior and motivation in cooperatively breeding marmoset monkeys

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Finkenwirth ◽  
Eloisa Martins ◽  
Tobias Deschner ◽  
Judith M. Burkart
Keyword(s):  
Infant Care ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Care Behavior ◽  
Marmoset Monkeys

Post-conception reproductive competition in cooperatively breeding common marmosets

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Saltzman ◽  
Kimber J. Liedl ◽  
Orrie J. Salper ◽  
Rebecca R. Pick ◽  
David H. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Competition ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding

scholarly journals Effect of Perceived Interpersonal Closeness on the Joint Simon Effect in Adolescents and Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheleh Shafaei ◽  
Zahra Bahmani Dehkordi ◽  
Bahador Bahrami ◽  
Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam
Keyword(s):  
Simon Effect ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Interpersonal Closeness ◽  
Spatial Stimulus ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Here we investigated the effect of interpersonal closeness on joint action using the joint Simon task in adolescents and adults. In a two-choice reaction time task, spatially defined responses to non-spatial stimulus attributes are faster when stimulus and response locations are congruent than when they are incongruent. This phenomenon is called Simon effect and is absent or strongly weakened when a participant responds to only one of the stimuli. However, the effect reappears when two participants carry out the same go/no-go tasks cooperatively. This re-emergence of the Simon effect in joint action is called the joint Simon effect (JSE). In this study, we first replicated the standard and joint Simon effects in adolescents, as well as adults with similar magnitude of the effects in the two age groups. The magnitude of the JSE was positively correlated with the level of closeness as measured by Inclusion of Other in the Self scale. This correlation was not significantly different in adolescents compared to adults. Our findings show that joint action is sensitive to the social factor such as interpersonal closeness, and the underlying mechanisms are already mature by adolescence.

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