scholarly journals Inferring Whether Officials Are Corruptible From Looking at Their Faces

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1807-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chujun Lin ◽  
Ralph Adolphs ◽  
R. Michael Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Real World ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Face Width ◽  
The Face ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

While inferences of traits from unfamiliar faces prominently reveal stereotypes, some facial inferences also correlate with real-world outcomes. We investigated whether facial inferences are associated with an important real-world outcome closely linked to the face bearer’s behavior: political corruption. In four preregistered studies ( N = 325), participants made trait judgments of unfamiliar government officials on the basis of their photos. Relative to peers with clean records, federal and state officials convicted of political corruption (Study 1) and local officials who violated campaign finance laws (Study 2) were perceived as more corruptible, dishonest, selfish, and aggressive but similarly competent, ambitious, and masculine (Study 3). Mediation analyses and experiments in which the photos were digitally manipulated showed that participants’ judgments of how corruptible an official looked were causally influenced by the face width of the stimuli (Study 4). The findings shed new light on the complex causal mechanisms linking facial appearances with social behavior.

Vignettes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Persuasive Communications ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Face

Chapter 9 contains five vignettes, each based on real world cases. In each, a character is faced with a problem and uses multiple theories within the book to help him or her develop and execute a plan of action. The vignettes provide concrete examples of how to apply the theories in the book to solving environmental problems and working toward environmental sustainability in a variety of contexts, including managing visitors in a national park, developing persuasive communications, designing more collaborative public involvement processes, starting up an energy savings program within a for-profit corporation, and promoting conservation in the face of rapid development.

scholarly journals A Geroscience Perspective on COVID-19 – Joint Program from the American Aging Association (AGE) and The Gerontological Society of America

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 532-532
Author(s):  
Rozalyn Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Gerontological Society ◽  
Joint Program ◽  
The Face ◽  
Biology Of Aging ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
American Aging ◽  
Aging Association

Abstract Faculty will focus on the biology of aging as a contributor to the vulnerability in COVID-19. Faculty will present the latest concepts and insights that will advance our ability to confront this global outbreak. Our goal for this session is to connect with the concept of Geroscience and how ideas from aging biology research can be incorporated to improve outcomes and informed practice. Although the emphasis is on biology, the goal is to provide insight in a manner that is readily accessible to researchers across the aging spectrum that they might translate these ideas in the face of a very real-world challenge.

Dealing with current tobacco smoking in real world schizophrenia. Results from the Face-Schizophrenia dataset

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. S578-S579
Author(s):  
J. Mallet ◽  
G. Fond ◽  
Y. Le Strat ◽  
P. Llorca ◽  
C. Dubertret
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Current Tobacco

scholarly journals Face morphology of brazilian and peruvian populations: analysis of proportion and linear measurement indexes

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cristina Sousa Dos Santos ◽  
Diego Jesus Bradariz Pimentel ◽  
Laís Lopes Machado De Matos ◽  
Laís Valencise Magri ◽  
Ana Maria Bettoni Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Face Width ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mouth Width ◽  
3D Stereophotogrammetry ◽  
Face Morphology

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the proportion and linear measurement indexes between Brazilian and Peruvian population through 3D stereophotogrammetry and to stablish the face profile of these two Latin American populations. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>40 volunteers (Brazilian n=21– 10 males and 11 females; Peruvian n=19 – 8 males and 11 females) aged between 18 and 40 years (mean of 28.7±9.1) had landmarks marked on the face. Then, 3D images were obtained (VECTRA M3) and the indexes of proportion and linear measurement (face, nose, and lips) were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed by One-Way ANOVA (p&lt;0.05). <strong>Results: </strong>The proportion indexes did not reveal marked differences either between the studied populations or genders (p&gt;0.05). The following linear measurements showed intergroup statistically significant differences: face width and height, nose width and height, upper facial height, mouth width, protrusion of the nose tip (p&lt;0.05). The Brazilian females showed the smallest significant differences. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the different ethnic compositions, the Brazilian and Peruvian populations did not differ regarding the proportions of the face, nose, and lips. The differences observed in Brazilian females may be related to gender and/or to the Caucasian heritage of the Brazilian sample.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Photogrammetry; Face; Tridimensional Image.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Friendship jealousy: One tool for maintaining friendships in the face of third-party threats?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimie Krems ◽  
Keelah Williams ◽  
Douglas Kenrick ◽  
Athena Aktipis
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Real World ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
The Face ◽  
On Line

Friendships can foster happiness, health, and reproductive fitness. But friendships end—even when we might not want them to. A primary reason for this is interference from third parties. Yet little work has explored how people meet the challenge of maintaining friendships in the face of real or perceived threats from third parties, as when our friends inevitably make new friends or form new romantic relationships. In contrast to earlier conceptualizations from developmental research, which viewed friendship jealousy as solely maladaptive, we propose that friendship jealousy is one overlooked tool of friendship maintenance. We derive and test—via a series of 11 studies (N = 2918) using hypothetical scenarios, recalled real-world events, and manipulation of on-line emotional experiences—whether friendship jealousy possesses the features of a tool well-designed to help us retain friends in the face of third-party threats. Consistent with our proposition, findings suggest that friendship jealousy is (1) uniquely evoked by third-party threats to friendships (but not the prospective loss of the friendship alone), (2) sensitive to the value of the threatened friendship, (3) strongly calibrated to cues that one is being replaced, even over more intuitive cues (e.g., the amount of time a friend and interloper spend together), and (4) ultimately motivates behavior aimed at countering third-party threats to friendship (“friend guarding”). Even as friendship jealousy may be negative to experience, it may include features designed for beneficial—and arguably prosocial—ends: to help maintain friendships.

scholarly journals Republicans are more optimistic about economic mobility, but no less accurate

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205316802110505
Author(s):  
Matt Grossmann ◽  
Kayla Hamann ◽  
Jennifer Lee ◽  
Gabrielle Levy ◽  
Brendan Nyhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Economic Mobility ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Relative Mobility ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
Local Mobility ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
State And Local

Do Americans overestimate economic mobility? Using representative surveys of the public and local government officials, we assess claims of widespread misperceptions about economic mobility by measuring the accuracy of participants’ perceptions of both relative and absolute mobility. Republican members of the public and government officials are more optimistic than are Democrats about poor children’s chances of reaching the highest income quintile (relative mobility) and earning more than their parents (absolute mobility). Democrats also rate race and family wealth as more important to children’s chances than do Republicans. However, partisan tendencies to overestimate or underestimate mobility are roughly symmetric despite differences in optimism; we only observe small and inconsistent differences in belief accuracy by party for both the public and local officials. Finally, accuracy is no greater for perceptions of state and local mobility than at the national level.

scholarly journals Lumpen Politics? A Day in “El Hueco”

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Gandolfo
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
State Building ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Tactics ◽  
Alberto Fujimori ◽  
The Face ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dangerous Place ◽  
State Bureaucracy

AbstractThe market of El Hueco in downtown Lima sits inside a large pit dug out for the foundation of a state building that was never built. The below-ground corridors and crammed vending stalls in this poorly regulated market are usually flooded with shoppers, yet government officials and the media frequently condemn it as a vile and dangerous place. But how and why does El Hueco offend? Through an ethnographic account of a day's events, cast against a discussion of Marxism's “lumpenproletariat” and Hernando de Soto's “informality,” I argue that implicit in El Hueco's challenge of state bureaucracy is a class critique that resists conventional class analysis and that affirms the “lumpen” as a politics in its own right. “Lumpen” here does not refer to categories of people but to a resource that can be appropriated and deployed freely. Linked to the anti-political tactics of President Alberto Fujimori in the 1990s, lumpen as a resource has changed the face of postwar Lima by defying and deforming from within the bourgeois ideals of urban development and bureaucratic form. It has also arguably changed the face of politics and played a role in the revival of fujimorismo during and since the 2016 presidential elections.

Local vs. Global

2014 ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Daniel Riccio ◽  
Andrea Casanova ◽  
Gianni Fenu
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Real World ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Face Representation ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
The Face ◽  
Local And Global Features ◽  
Local Operators

Face recognition in real world applications is a very difficult task because of image misalignments, pose and illumination variations, or occlusions. Many researchers in this field have investigated both face representation and classification techniques able to deal with these drawbacks. However, none of them is free from limitations. Early proposed algorithms were generally holistic, in the sense they consider the face object as a whole. Recently, challenging benchmarks demonstrated that they are not adequate to be applied in unconstrained environments, despite of their good performances in more controlled conditions. Therefore, the researchers' attention is now turning on local features that have been demonstrated to be more robust to a large set of non-monotonic distortions. Nevertheless, though local operators partially overcome some drawbacks, they are still opening new questions (e.g., Which criteria should be used to select the most representative features?). This is the reason why, among all the others, hybrid approaches are showing a high potential in terms of recognition accuracy when applied in uncontrolled settings, as they integrate complementary information from both local and global features. This chapter explores local, global, and hybrid approaches.

Strengthening and Enriching Audit Practice

2012 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Peter A. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Network Visualization ◽  
Viable System Model ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Visualization Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Viable System

The audit profession has been facing reassessment and repositioning for the past decade. Enquiry has been an integral part of an audit; however, its reliability as a source of audit evidence is questioned. To legitimize enquiry in the face of audit complexity and ensure sufficiency, relevance, and reliability, the introduction of Stafford Beer’s Viable System Model (VSM) into theory and practice has been recommended by a number of authors. In this paper, a variant on previous VSM-based audit work is introduced to perfect auditing assessment of accountability and compliance. This variant is termed the “VSM/NVA variant” and is applicable when the VSM model is in use for an audit. This variant is based on application of Network Visualization Analysis (NVA) to a VSM-modeled organization. Using NVA, “decision leaders” can be identified and their socio-technical relevance to VSM systems explored. This paper shows how the concepts of decision leaders and their networks can enrich and clarify practical applications of audit theory and practice. The approach provides an enhanced real-world understanding of how various VSM systems and network layers of an organization coalesce, and how they relate to the aims of the VSM model at micro and macro levels.

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