scholarly journals Reaching to the Self: The Development of Infants’ Ability to Localize Targets on the Body

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1063-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackleen E. Leed ◽  
Lisa K. Chinn ◽  
Jeffrey J. Lockman
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
New Method ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Visual Localization ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Sensorimotor Knowledge

This study focused on the development of infants’ sensorimotor knowledge about the layout of their bodies. Little is known about the development of the body as a reaching space, despite the importance of this skill for many self-directed adaptive behaviors, such as removing foreign stimuli from the skin or scratching an itch. A new method was developed in which vibrating targets were placed on the heads and arms of 7- to 21-month-old infants ( N = 78) to test reaching localization of targets. Manual localization improved with age, and visual localization was associated with successful reaching. Use of the ipsilateral or contralateral hand varied with body region: Infants primarily used the ipsilateral hand for head targets but the contralateral hand for arm targets, for which ipsilateral reaches were not biomechanically possible. The results of this research highlight a previously understudied form of self-knowledge involving a functional capacity to reach to tactile targets on the body surface.

Self-Knowledge, Self-Perception, and Perception of One’s Body in Stoicism

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-209
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Gourinat
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Self Knowledge

While self-knowledge is usually considered to be knowledge of our soul by our soul, this is not the case in Stoicism. There is hardly a debate on self-knowledge in Stoicism, because there is no perception of myself as something different from my own body. The Stoics tend to identify the self with the ruling part of the soul, but they have no certain knowledge about it. Self-perception is the perception of the whole body and soul as a unity and of the parts of the body and the soul, and this allows a human being to rule his/her own body, but it is neither perception nor knowledge of the ‘self’. Since a human being is a complete mixture of a body and soul, it knows itself as an animated body, and this kind of knowledge is quite different from the form of self-knowledge involved in most of ancient philosophies.

The World Becomes the Self ’s Body

1998 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Nobuo Kazashi
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Autonomous Agent ◽  
Object Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Self Knowledge

Cartesian philosophy presupposes the legitimacy of body-mind dualism, subject-object dualism, the principle of "clear and distinct ideas," and the human individual as an "autonomous agent." In contrast, the philosophical projects of James, Merleau-Ponty, and Nishida are all characterized by a critical stance taken toward these Cartesian presuppositions. That is, first, the "body" is established as the ground for our pre-reflexive yet active communion with the world. Second, the intertwining inseparability of "object-knowledge" and "self-knowledge" in our being in the world is acknowledged. Third, the phenomenon of "horizon" is thematized as an indispensable moment in the constitution of "experience." Finally, the "self" is understood as being embedded in and supported by the "field of experience." With this in mind, we can appreciate Whitehead's comparison of James' "Does Consciousness Exist?" with Descartes' Discourse on Method as the "inauguration of a new stage of philosophy." In this context the significance of Nishida's notion of "the world as the self's body" can be productively discussed.

scholarly journals APPROACHES TO TRACHEOSTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH DEEP NECK BURNS AND INHALATION INJURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
V. A. Porhanov ◽  
D. O. Vagner ◽  
S. B. Bogdanov ◽  
E. V. Zinoviev ◽  
I. V. Shlyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Inhalation Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Method ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
The Moment

The OBJECTIVE is to evaluate the results of introduction of the new method of preparation in patients with deep neck  burns to the imposition of tracheostomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 124 patients with extensive  deep burns and inhalation injury. The method of treatment consisted of early (3–4 days from the moment of injury)  necrectomy with simultaneous autodermoplasty in the projection of the anterior surface of the neck and torso on the area  of 1–1.5% of the body surface. Tracheostomy was performed after graft engraftment. RESULTS. According to the proposed  method, 20 patients were operated. 17 of them were subjected tracheostomy through the restored skin on 11.6±1.8 days.  CONCLUSION. The method of the early recovery of th skin in the projection of tracheostomy in patients with deep burns  of the neck allows to safely subject tracheostomy through the restored skin on 8–14 days from the moment of the burn.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

‘A pinch of unseen, unguarded dust’: The World and Self in Thomas Hardy's Poems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Monika Szuba
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Recurrent Theme ◽  
Body Subject

The essay discusses selected poems from Thomas Hardy's vast body of poetry, focusing on representations of the self and the world. Employing Maurice Merleau-Ponty's concepts such as the body-subject, wild being, flesh, and reversibility, the essay offers an analysis of Hardy's poems in the light of phenomenological philosophy. It argues that far from demonstrating ‘cosmic indifference’, Hardy's poetry offers a sympathetic vision of interrelations governing the universe. The attunement with voices of the Earth foregrounded in the poems enables the self's entanglement in the flesh of the world, a chiasmatic intertwining of beings inserted between the leaves of the world. The relation of the self with the world is established through the act of perception, mainly visual and aural, when the body becomes intertwined with the world, thus resulting in a powerful welding. Such moments of vision are brief and elusive, which enhances a sense of transitoriness, and, yet, they are also timeless as the self becomes immersed in the experience. As time is a recurrent theme in Hardy's poetry, this essay discusses it in the context of dwelling, the provisionality of which is demonstrated in the prevalent sense of temporality, marked by seasons and birdsong, which underline the rhythms of the world.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The book’s epilogue explores the place of musical portraiture in the context of posthumous depictions of the deceased, and in relation to the so-called posthuman condition, which describes contemporary changes in the relationship of the individual with such aspects of life as technology and the body. It first examines Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo to view how Bernard Herrmann’s score relates to issues of portraiture and the depiction of the identity of the deceased. It then considers the work of cyborg composer-artist Neil Harbisson, who has aimed, through the use of new capabilities of hybridity between the body and technology, to convey something akin to visual likeness in his series of Sound Portraits. The epilogue shows how an examination of contemporary views of posthumous and posthuman identities helps to illuminate the ways music represents the self throughout the genre of musical portraiture.

Mannose-binding C-type lectins as defense molecules on the body surface of the sea urchin Pseudocentrotus depressus

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 103915
Author(s):  
Chihiro Iiyama ◽  
Fuyu Yoneda ◽  
Masaya Tsutsumi ◽  
Shigeyuki Tsutsui ◽  
Osamu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
Defense Molecules
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