Reduction in Exposure to Lead from Drinking Water and its Effect on Blood Lead Concentrations

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sherlock ◽  
D. Ashby ◽  
H.T. Delves ◽  
G.I. Forbes ◽  
M.R. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lead Pipes

1 The water supply in Ayr (Scotland, UK) was plumbosolvent and many dwellings in Ayr contained lead pipes. In 1981 treatment of the water supply to reduce its plumbosolvency was initiated. Measurements of water and blood lead concentrations were made before and subsequent to the treatment. Most of the measurements made before and after water treatment began were made on water samples from the same dwellings and blood samples from the same women. 2 Water treatment produced a sharp fall in water lead concentrations and a decrease in the median blood lead concentration from 21 to 13 μg/100 ml. 3 Two women had higher than expected blood lead concentrations, both these women had been removing old paint. 4 Women who had lead pipes removed from their dwellings all showed substantial decreases in their blood lead concentrations. 5 The curvilinearity of the relation between blood lead and water lead concentrations is confirmed. Even relatively low (<40 μg/l) water lead concentrations may make a substantial contribution to blood lead concentrations.

scholarly journals A study of drinking water quality before and after its purification in Saint-Petersburg

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ivanovna Zhilochkina ◽  
Andrei Igorevich Seliverstov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The City ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of drinking water before and after its purification. Water samples taken at 5 water supply and 5 water distribution stations of the city were used in the study. The author comes to the conclusion that the use of the monitoring system allows you to respond quickly to any changes in the quality of the drinking water, and quickly make decisions that affect its purification.

scholarly journals The influence of electrogalvanic device on scaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjana Simonič ◽  
Irena Ban
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Aragonite Crystal ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

AbstractThe use of an electrogalvanic device for scale neutralisation is descibed in this paper. Physico-chemical analyses were performed before and after the treatment. The results were compared with those obtained by using magnetic water treatment device. By measuring some individual parameters and the implementation of chemical analysis, the satisfactory functioning of the electrogalvanic device was demonstrated. The quality of drinking water did not change much after the water treatment method. The results of determination of calcium carbonate saturating index showed that the raw drinking water is in carbonate equlibrium as well as both treated water samples. The calcite/aragonite ratio was studied by means of microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Inspection of crystals formed during the experiments with microscopy indicated that aragonite crystal structure of the precipitates prevailed over the calcite stucture. The diffractograms showed that the share of aragonite increased after using the electrogalvanic device compared with raw drinking water samples where the share of calcite was higher.

Experiences with the practical implementation and operation of biological nitrification for a small-scale drinking water treatment plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 922-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Richard ◽  
E. Mayr ◽  
M. Zunabovic ◽  
R. Allabashi ◽  
R. Perfler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Biological Nitrification

The implementation and evaluation of biological nitrification as a possible treatment option for the small-scale drinking water supply of a rural Upper Austrian community was investigated. The drinking water supply of this community (average system input volume: 20 m3/d) is based on the use of deep anaerobic groundwater with a high ammonium content of geogenic origin (up to 5 mg/l) which must be treated to prevent the formation of nitrites in the drinking water supply system. This paper describes the implementation and operation of biological nitrification despite several constraints including space availability, location and financial and manpower resources. A pilot drinking water treatment plant, including biological nitrification implemented in sand filters, was designed and constructed for a maximum treatment capacity of 1.2 m3/h. Online monitoring of selected physicochemical parameters has provided continuous treatment performance data. Treatment performance of the plant was evaluated under standard operation as well as in the case of selected malfunction events.

Minimization of the Disinfection by-Product Precursors in Treated Waters Exposed to Ozone and Chlorine

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Shang Chao Yue ◽  
Le Jun Zhao ◽  
Xiu Duo Wang ◽  
Qi Shan Wang ◽  
Feng Hua He
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorbance ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The objectives of this study were to investigate impact of preoxidation on disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors in drinking water via two different preoxidation methods. The full-scale study was conducted on surface river water in a water supply plant in Tianjin, China. Two treatment trains were performed, with prechlorination and preozonation as preoxidation methods, respectively. The water samples were collected on different stages along the treatment processes and analyzed by following organic parameters: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV254 and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA). The results indicated that Train 2 with preozonation was more effective to reduce DBP precursors. Preozonation possessed an excellent ability in the removal of UV254 and SUVA, the removal efficiencies were 25.14% and 18.77%, respectively, comparing to the removal rates of 6.66% and 5.64% during prechlorination, separately.

Removal of pesticides during the drinking water treatment process at Florence water supply, Italy

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Griffini ◽  
M. L. Bao ◽  
D. Burrini ◽  
D. Santianni ◽  
C. Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Process

scholarly journals Potential influence of a planned landfill on a high karst plateau in Southwestern Montenegro to nearby karstic springs

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Horacek ◽  
Milan Radulovic ◽  
Dejan Jancic ◽  
Stefan Wyhlidal ◽  
Golub Culafic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
O Isotope ◽  
Good Agreement

The potential threat of a landfill projected on a high karst plateau in southwest Montenegro is investigated with respect to the subjacent nearby springs. The locality is called Duboki do. As the springs are used for drinking water supply this investigation is urgently needed. For the springs exist two hypotheses concerning their catchment area: I) from the high karst plateau, or II) from a topographically lower area. The stable H- and O-isotope ratios of water samples from the springs are compared with precipitation isotope data, to reveal the catchment area of the springs. The isotope results indicate that the catchment area of the springs is at higher altitude fitting to, and in good agreement with, winter precipitation from the high karst plateau of the planned land-fill locality.

scholarly journals Quality changes of drinking water in the water supply network (case study from Lithuania)

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Marina Valentukeviciene ◽  
Aukse Amosenkiene ◽  
Regimantas Dauknys
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Well Field ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Quality changes of drinking water in the water supply network (case study from Lithuania) The purpose of this research was to examine water quality changes by distributing in to the water supply network. Water samples were collected from Varena town (Lithuania) drinking water distribution system fed by groundwater from well field. Parameters related to undesirable increasing of nitrites and nitrates concentrations have been measured considering these samples: pH, conductivity, concentration of total iron, manganese, ammonium, nitrates and nitrites. Results showed that groundwater from well field were extremely susceptible to favor bacterial growth in the pipelines. The occurrence of nitrites and nitrates in drinking water samples correlated positively with the lengths of old iron pipelines and negatively with the content of newly laid pipelines. The obtained results also showed that the potential nitrates increasing induced by the distribution of treated water could be reduced if: nitrates levels were below detection limits at the outlet of the water treatment plant; biological ammonium removal treatment implementation should reduce the levels of the nitrates and nitrites of the treated supplied water. Although the nitrates concentration increase in drinking water distribution systems, the issues with nitrites accumulation are rare in Lithuania. However, such processes still need to be proved in more extensive investigation, but these research results could be applied as a basic scenario.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bacteriological Quality Characteristics of Drinking Waters of few Village Sources in Coastal Areas of Bhimavaram region at West Godavari District, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-892
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Control

The essential requirement for human life to exist is water. After to the air, the other It has in various sources such as canals, ponds, rivers, lake, streams, reservoirs and etc. human settlers on the banks of major river systems at the earliest and has need water for drinking, bathing, cooking, laundering, and many more. But with the advancement of civilization the demand of water supply grately increased and now has such a stage to come that without well organized public water supply scheme, it is not possible to move the present human life and the develop the towns. Earlier has importance on quantity. And now today importance of quality comes to be recognized gradually in the later days. In this present study, numbers of water samples were collected various water supply schemes from 20 villages of bhimavaram region, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. The drinking water samples are analyze its biological quality and it was found that some of the samples in the study area are exceeds or above the standard limit or permissible limit. On over all based on biological quality few drinking water sources located in and around different areas of Bhimavaram was seriously polluted by harmful bacteria and must need few treatment methods. So that need of attention not to use of supplied water and need to give suggestions and remedial measures to concerned local authorities of various disinfection treatment technologies or control measure to make supplied water free from pathogenic Bactria. Quality Assessment of drinking water from various sources (S Malhotra, S.K., Sndhu (2015), especially bacteriological quality should be periodically planned regularly to avoid and control waterborne diseases

scholarly journals Application of model fitting technique to enhance bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) measurement for drinking water supply monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjin Xue ◽  
Christopher W. K. Chow ◽  
John van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth

Abstract The bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) method was utilised to indirectly measure the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) as an indicator for the assessment of the microbial regrowth potential in drinking water distribution systems. A model using various microbial growth parameters was developed in order to standardise the experimental interpretation for BRP measurement. This study used 82 experimental BRP data sets of water samples collected from the water treatment plant to locations (customer taps) in the distribution system. The data were used to model the BRP process (growth curve) by a data fitting procedure and to obtain a best-fitted equation. Statistical assessments and model validation for evaluating the equation obtained by fitting these 82 sets of data were conducted, and the results show average R2 values were 0.987 for treated water samples (collected at the plant prior to chlorination) and 0.983 for tap water (collected at the customer taps). The F values obtained from the F-test are all exceeded their corresponding F critical values, and the results from the t-test also showed a good outcome. These results indicate this model would be successfully applied in modelling BRP in drinking water supply systems.

scholarly journals Bacteriological assessment of drinking water supply options in coastal areas of Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atikul Islam ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakakibara ◽  
Md. Rezaul Karim ◽  
Masahiko Sekine ◽  
Zahid Hayat Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Shigella Spp

This study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of alternative drinking water supply options in southwest coastal areas of Bangladesh. A total of 90 water samples were collected during both dry and wet seasons from household based rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs), community based rain water harvesting systems (CRWHSs), pond-sand filters (PSFs) and ponds. The samples were evaluated for faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Heterotrophic Plate Count, as well as Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, and color) were also examined. In addition, sanitary inspections were conducted to identify faecal contamination sources. All options showed varying degrees of indicator bacterial contamination. The median E. coli concentrations measured for RWHSs, CRWHSs, PSFs, and ponds were 16, 7, 11, and 488 cfu/100 ml during the wet season, respectively. Vibrio cholerae O1/O139, Salmonella and Shigella spp. were not found in any samples. However, Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from 74.4% and 91.1% of the water samples collected during the wet season. A maximum pH of 10.4 was found in CRWHSs. Estimation of the disease burden for all options in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) showed an increased disease burden during the wet season. According to sanitary inspections, poor maintenance and unprotected ponds were responsible for rainwater and PSF water contamination, respectively. The findings of the present study suggest that alternative drinking water supply options available in southwest coastal Bangladesh pose a substantial risk to public health.

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