scholarly journals Bacteriological assessment of drinking water supply options in coastal areas of Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atikul Islam ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakakibara ◽  
Md. Rezaul Karim ◽  
Masahiko Sekine ◽  
Zahid Hayat Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Shigella Spp

This study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of alternative drinking water supply options in southwest coastal areas of Bangladesh. A total of 90 water samples were collected during both dry and wet seasons from household based rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs), community based rain water harvesting systems (CRWHSs), pond-sand filters (PSFs) and ponds. The samples were evaluated for faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Heterotrophic Plate Count, as well as Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, and color) were also examined. In addition, sanitary inspections were conducted to identify faecal contamination sources. All options showed varying degrees of indicator bacterial contamination. The median E. coli concentrations measured for RWHSs, CRWHSs, PSFs, and ponds were 16, 7, 11, and 488 cfu/100 ml during the wet season, respectively. Vibrio cholerae O1/O139, Salmonella and Shigella spp. were not found in any samples. However, Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from 74.4% and 91.1% of the water samples collected during the wet season. A maximum pH of 10.4 was found in CRWHSs. Estimation of the disease burden for all options in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) showed an increased disease burden during the wet season. According to sanitary inspections, poor maintenance and unprotected ponds were responsible for rainwater and PSF water contamination, respectively. The findings of the present study suggest that alternative drinking water supply options available in southwest coastal Bangladesh pose a substantial risk to public health.

scholarly journals Application of model fitting technique to enhance bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) measurement for drinking water supply monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjin Xue ◽  
Christopher W. K. Chow ◽  
John van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth

Abstract The bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) method was utilised to indirectly measure the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) as an indicator for the assessment of the microbial regrowth potential in drinking water distribution systems. A model using various microbial growth parameters was developed in order to standardise the experimental interpretation for BRP measurement. This study used 82 experimental BRP data sets of water samples collected from the water treatment plant to locations (customer taps) in the distribution system. The data were used to model the BRP process (growth curve) by a data fitting procedure and to obtain a best-fitted equation. Statistical assessments and model validation for evaluating the equation obtained by fitting these 82 sets of data were conducted, and the results show average R2 values were 0.987 for treated water samples (collected at the plant prior to chlorination) and 0.983 for tap water (collected at the customer taps). The F values obtained from the F-test are all exceeded their corresponding F critical values, and the results from the t-test also showed a good outcome. These results indicate this model would be successfully applied in modelling BRP in drinking water supply systems.

Drinking Water Supply Options in Arsenic and Salinity Affected Areas of Bangladesh: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
T Ahmed ◽  
ME Habib ◽  
MS Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Arsenic ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Widespread groundwater arsenic contamination in south, south-western and north-eastern regions and high salinity in the south-western coastal region are the two major challenges for drinking water supply in Bangladesh. In this study, we assessed various water supply technologies used for mitigating arsenic and salinity in Laksam of Cumilla and Assasuni of Satkhira district. Water samples were analyzed for Arsenic, Iron, Chloride (indicator for salinity) and FC from different water extraction systems (shallow, deep and Tara tubewells), groundwater arsenic treatment units (SIDKO and READ-F), rainwater harvesting systems (RWH), pond sand filters (PSF), and managed aquifer recharge units. Most shallow tubewells, both in Laksam and Assasuni, have been found to produce arsenic contaminated water. But water from deep and Tara tubewells have been found arsenic-free, though high concentration of iron was observed in the wells in Laksam. Rainwater harvesting systems, PSF and MAR units in Assasuni have been found to provide water free from the common chemical contaminants but suffer from high bacterial contamination. Deep tubewell appear to be the most preferred option where a suitable aquifer is available. The community-scale groundwater treatment systems would require strong operation and maintenance support from the service providers to be successful. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 215-223, 2019

Quality and suitability of harvested rainwater for drinking in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Who Guideline

Several programs have been undertaken during the last few years to install rooftop rainwater harvesting systems as an alternative drinking water supply source both in the coastal and arsenic affected areas in Bangladesh. In this study, quality of the harvested rainwater used for drinking water supply was assessed. A total of 308 harvested rainwater samples were collected from the different storage reservoirs located both in coastal and arsenic affected areas and analysed for various physical, chemical and microbial indicators. Most of the physical and chemical water quality parameters were well below the Bangladesh Drinking Water Standard and WHO guideline values. However, the harvested rainwater was found microbiologically contaminated to some extent and the water is not suitable for consumption without treatment. For safe and sustainable rainwater harvesting, WHO guideline and water safely plan (WSP) can be adopted in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Determination of Aluminium and Physicochemical Parameters in the Palm Oil Estates Water Supply at Johor, Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Siti Farizwana ◽  
S. Mazrura ◽  
A. Zurahanim Fasha ◽  
G. Ahmad Rohi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Water Supplies

The study was to determine the concentration of aluminium (Al) and study the physicochemical parameters (pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, and residual chlorine) in drinking water supply in selected palm oil estates in Kota Tinggi, Johor. Water samples were collected from the estates with the private and the public water supplies. The sampling points were at the water source (S), the treatment plant outlet (TPO), and at the nearest houses (H1) and the furthest houses (H2) from the TPO. All estates with private water supply failed to meet the NSDWQ for Al with mean concentration of 0.99 ± 1.52 mg/L. However, Al concentrations in all public water supply estates were well within the limit except for one estate. The pH for all samples complied with the NSDWQ except from the private estates for the drinking water supply with an acidic pH (5.50 ± 0.90). The private water supply showed violated turbidity value in the drinking water samples (14.2 ± 24.1 NTU). Insufficient amount of chlorination was observed in the private water supply estates (0.09 ± 0.30 mg/L). Private water supplies with inefficient water treatment served unsatisfactory drinking water quality to the community which may lead to major health problems.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER SYSTEM OF CENTRALIZED DRINKING WATER SUPPLY OF REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Abramkin ◽  
R.S. Rakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Surface water resources of Mordovia Republic characterized by an inconstant output during a year, therefore, underground artesian waters use for household and drinking water supply. In 2009–2015 the quality of drinking water samples taken in 22 districts of Mordovia was unfavorable according to content of fluorine (taken in 13 districts and city of Saransk), iron (taken in 11 districts and city of Saransk), strontium (1 district), iodine was absent in all water samples. The main contaminant was fluorides, their level was up to 1,5–5,2 MAC. The development and scientific substantiation of hygienic actions on group and individual prevention of exposure to elevated concentrations of fluorine as well as iodine deficiency in human body are required.

scholarly journals About development of control levels of specific total alpha-activity in water samples for a number of sources of the centralized economic and drinking water supply in the Republic of Khakassia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(св)) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
A. A. Pivovarov ◽  
E. A. Pivovarova ◽  
V. E. Kurganov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the work is to develop control levels of specific total alpha-activity of water samples for a number of sources of centralized drinking water supply in the Republic of Khakassia on the basis of the results of long-term laboratory studies. Materials and methods. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the results of laboratory studies of water sources of centralized drinking water supply of the population of the Republic of Khakassia, performed by accredited testing laboratories of institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Republic for the period from 2001 to 2018, using alpha-beta radiometric, alpha-spectrometric methods with radiochemical preparation of counting samples, gamma-spectrometric method. The control levels of specific total alpha-activity of water samples from the sources of centralized drinking water supply in the Republic of Khakassia were established by the statistical maximum – the sum of the average value with a doubled standard deviation, with the volume of research more than 30, and the maximum value with the volume of research less than 30. Results. About half of the studied water samples from the sources of the centralized drinking water supply of the Republic of Khakassia, annually, are noted with exceeding the control level of specific total alpha-activity (0,2 Bq/kg). The values obtained in the studied samples vary up to 5,57 Bq/kg. During the observation period, samples of water exceeding the reference level of specific total alpha-activity (0.2 Bq/kg) were identified in settlements of the Altai, Askizsky, Beysky, Bogradsky, Ordzhonikidzevsky, Tashtypsky, Ust–Abakansky, Shira districts and the city of Sorsk, smt. Prigorsk (Chernogorsk). In previous studies, it was found that high levels of specific total alpha-activity in the country are mainly due to natural radionuclides uranium-238 (238U), uranium-234 (234U). In a number of settlements of the Republic, the sum of the ratio of specific activities of natural radionuclides to the corresponding levels of intervention exceeds 1,0. Average annual individual effective doses of internal exposure to natural radionuclides of drinking water, at or above 0,1 mSv/year (values in the range of 0,1-0,2 mSv/year), which does not require urgent radiation protection measures. At the same time, monitoring of indicators of radiation safety of water sources of water supply should be carried out in accordance with the established requirements. In this connection, in order to improve control, for the rapid assessment of the radiation situation and making timely decisions to ensure radiation safety of the population, the calculation of control levels of specific total alpha-activity was carried out. As a result of calculations, specific values of control levels for each of water source were obtained. The calculated values range from 0,2 to 2,6 Bq/kg. Conclusion. The control levels are “site standards” and are calculated for each of the source of water supply. Their excess will be considered as a signal of “negative change” of the radiation situation”, which may be associated with an increase of the specific activities of 234U, 238U, or the appearance of highly radiotoxic radionuclides: 226Ra, 210Po, 228Ra.

scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of Free-Living Amoeba and Legionella in Drinking Water Supply Systems

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valciņa ◽  
Pūle ◽  
Mališevs ◽  
Trofimova ◽  
Makarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
Supply Systems

Background and Objectives: Legionella is one of the most important water-related pathogens. Inside the water supply systems and the biofilms, Legionella interact with other bacteria and free-living amoeba (FLA). Several amoebas may serve as hosts for bacteria in aquatic systems. This study aimed to investigate the co-occurrence of Legionella spp. and FLA in drinking water supply systems. Materials and Methods: A total of 268 water samples were collected from apartment buildings, hotels, and public buildings. Detection of Legionella spp. was performed in accordance with ISO 11731:2017 standard. Three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols were used to identify FLA. Results: Occurrence of Legionella varied from an average of 12.5% in cold water samples with the most frequent occurrence observed in hot water, in areas receiving untreated groundwater, where 54.0% of the samples were Legionella positive. The occurrence of FLA was significantly higher. On average, 77.2% of samples contained at least one genus of FLA and, depending on the type of sample, the occurrence of FLA could reach 95%. In the samples collected during the study, Legionella was always isolated along with FLA, no samples containing Legionella in the absence of FLA were observed. Conclusions: The data obtained in our study can help to focus on the extensive distribution, close interaction, and long-term persistence of Legionella and FLA. Lack of Legionella risk management plans and control procedures may promote further spread of Legionella in water supply systems. In addition, the high incidence of Legionella-related FLA suggests that traditional monitoring methods may not be sufficient for Legionella control.

scholarly journals Comparison of the trace metal concentration of drinking water supply options in southwest coastal areas of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atikul Islam ◽  
Md. Rezaul Karim ◽  
Takaya Higuchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakakibara ◽  
Masahiko Sekine
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration
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