Daylong Mobile Audio Recordings Reveal Multitimescale Dynamics in Infants’ Vocal Productions and Auditory Experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142110581
Author(s):  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Kunmi Sobowale ◽  
Caitlin M. Fausey
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Multiple Timescales ◽  
Communication Development ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Vocal Productions ◽  
Over Time ◽  
At Home

The sounds of human infancy—baby babbling, adult talking, lullaby singing, and more—fluctuate over time. Infant-friendly wearable audio recorders can now capture very large quantities of these sounds throughout infants’ everyday lives at home. Here, we review recent discoveries about how infants’ soundscapes are organized over the course of a day. Analyses designed to detect patterns in infants’ daylong audio at multiple timescales have revealed that everyday vocalizations are clustered hierarchically in time, that vocal explorations are consistent with foraging dynamics, and that some musical tunes occur for much longer cumulative durations than others. This approach focusing on the multiscale distributions of sounds heard and produced by infants is providing new, fundamental insights on human communication development from a complex-systems perspective.

scholarly journals Day-long mobile audio recordings reveal multi-timescale dynamics in infant vocal productions and auditory experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Kunmi Sobowale ◽  
Caitlin M. Fausey
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Multiple Timescales ◽  
Communication Development ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Vocal Productions ◽  
Over Time

The sounds of human infancy—baby babbling, adult talking, lullaby singing, and more—fluctuate over time. Infant-friendly wearable audio recorders can now capture very large quantities of these sounds throughout infants’ everyday lives at home. Here, we review recent discoveries about how infants’ soundscapes are organized over the course of a day based on analyses designed to detect patterns at multiple timescales. Analyses of infants’ day-long audio have revealed that everyday vocalizations are clustered hierarchically in time, vocal explorations are consistent with foraging dynamics, and musical tunes are distributed such that some are much more available than others. This approach focusing on the multi-scale distributions of sounds heard and produced by infants provides new, fundamental insights on human communication development from a complex systems perspective.

Code-switching in parents’ everyday speech to bilingual infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena V. Kremin ◽  
Julia Alves ◽  
Adriel John Orena ◽  
Linda Polka ◽  
Krista Byers-Heinlein
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Bilingual Communities ◽  
Apparent Reasons ◽  
At Home

Code-switching is a common phenomenon in bilingual communities, but little is known about bilingual parents’ code-switching when speaking to their infants. In a pre-registered study, we identified instances of code-switching in day-long at-home audio recordings of 21 French–English bilingual families in Montreal, Canada, who provided recordings when their infant was 10 and 18 months old. Overall, rates of infant-directed code-switching were low, averaging 7 times per hour (6 times per 1,000 words) at 10 months and increasing to 28 times per hour (18 times per 1,000 words) at 18 months. Parents code-switched more between sentences than within a sentence; this pattern was even more pronounced when infants were 18 months than when they were 10 months. The most common apparent reasons for code-switching were to bolster their infant’s understanding and to teach vocabulary words. Combined, these results suggest that bilingual parents code-switch in ways that support successful bilingual language acquisition.

scholarly journals A complex systems perspective on computer-supported collaborative design technology

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Klein ◽  
Hiroki Sayama ◽  
Peyman Faratin ◽  
Yaneer Bar-Yam
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Design Technology ◽  
Systems Perspective

Examining Impacts of COVID-19-Related Stay-At-Home Orders through a Two-Way Random Effects Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110469
Author(s):  
Anshu Bamney ◽  
Hisham Jashami ◽  
Sarvani Sonduru Pantangi ◽  
Jayson Ambabo ◽  
Megat-Usamah Megat-Johari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Public Health And Safety ◽  
Over Time ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching impacts on public health and safety, economics, and the transportation system. To reduce the spread of this disease, federal and local governments around the world have introduced stay-at-home orders and other restrictions on travel to “non-essential” businesses to implement social distancing. Preliminary evidence suggests substantial variability in the impacts of these orders in the United States, both across states and over time. This study examines this issue using daily county-level vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data for the 48 continental U.S. states and the District of Columbia. A two-way random effects model is estimated to assess changes in VMT from March 1 to June 30, 2020 as compared with baseline January travel levels. The implementation of stay-at-home orders was associated with a 56.4 percent reduction in VMT on average. However, this effect was shown to dissipate over time, which may be attributable to “quarantine fatigue.” In the absence of full shelter-in-place orders, travel was also reduced where restrictions on select businesses were introduced. For example, restrictions on entertainment, indoor dining, and indoor recreational activities corresponded to reductions in VMT of 3 to 4 percent while restrictions on retail and personal care facilities showed 13 percent lower traffic levels. VMT was also shown to vary based on the number of COVID case reports, as well as with respect to other characteristics, including median household income, political leanings, and how rural the county was in nature.

scholarly journals Stability of democracies: a complex systems perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 014002 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Wiesner ◽  
A Birdi ◽  
T Eliassi-Rad ◽  
H Farrell ◽  
D Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Systems Perspective

Feeling at Home in the Neighborhood: Belonging, the House and the Plaza in Helsinki and Madrid

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-237
Author(s):  
Kaisa Kuurne (Ketokivi) ◽  
M. Victoria Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Everyday Politics ◽  
Feeling At Home ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Web ◽  
At Home

Drawing on multisited ethnographic fieldwork in two historic, attractive, and socially mixed neighborhoods, Kumpula in Helsinki and Malasaña in Madrid, this paper examines what makes people feel at home (or not) in their neighborhood. Marrying the literatures on social belonging and materiality, we analyze the interactions through which local places, people, and materials become familiar and personal. We identify the house in Kumpula and the plaza in Madrid as “everyday totems” that weave local life and community together. In both neighborhoods, the testimonies of home are accompanied with an attachment to the local totem and related lifestyle, but the house and the plaza generate different everyday politics of belonging. House–based belonging in Kumpula requires resources and long–term engagement that over time contributes to a personal, but rather exclusive web of belonging. Plaza–based belonging in Malasaña is more inclusive and elastic, but joining the web of belonging requires time and sociability.

scholarly journals Naturalistic development of trait mindfulness: A longitudinal examination of victimization and supportive relationships in early adolescence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250960
Author(s):  
Michael T. Warren ◽  
Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl ◽  
Randip Gill ◽  
Anne M. Gadermann ◽  
Eva Oberle
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Graders ◽  
First Language ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
At Home ◽  
Strong Relationships

Scholars have only just begun to examine elements of young adolescents’ social ecologies that explain naturalistic variation in trait mindfulness and its development over time. We argue that trait mindfulness develops as a function of chronically encountered ecologies that are likely to foster or thwart the repeated enactment of mindful states over time. Using data from 4,593 fourth and seventh grade students (50% female; MageG4 = 9.02; 71% English first language) from 32 public school districts in British Columbia (BC), Canada, we examined links from peer belonging, connectedness with adults at home, and peer victimization to mindfulness over time. Variable-centered analyses indicated that young adolescents with lower victimization in fourth grade reported higher mindfulness in seventh grade, and that cross-sectionally within seventh grade victimization, peer belonging, and connectedness with adults at home were each associated with mindfulness. Contrary to our hypothesis, connectedness with adults at home moderated the longitudinal association between victimization and mindfulness such that the negative association was stronger among young adolescents with high (vs. low) levels of connectedness with adults at home. Person-centered analysis of the fourth graders’ data confirmed our variable-centered findings, yielding four latent classes of social ecology whose mindfulness levels in seventh grade largely tracked with their victimization levels (from highest to lowest mindfulness): (1) flourishing relationships, (2) unvictimized but weak relationships with adults, (3) moderately victimized but strong relationships, and (4) victimized but strong relationships. Overall, our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence indicating that trait mindfulness may develop as a function of ecologically normative experiences in young adolescents’ everyday lives.

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