Informal Entrepreneurship and Past Experience in an Emerging Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory R. A. Hallam ◽  
Gianluca Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Necessity Entrepreneurship ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Informal Entrepreneurship

Informal economies account for up to 70 per cent of GDP in developing countries, but few studies have explored informal entrepreneurship. To fill this gap, an exploratory study involving 855 university students in an emerging economy applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to study the cognitive process of informal entrepreneurship. The effect of past experience (PE) and necessity entrepreneurship on the intention to start a business is also explored. Our findings provide evidence that the decision to start a business in the informal economy reinforces the effect of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). Implications for education programmes and for theory are discussed.

Promoting entrepreneurial intentions for academic scientists: combining the social cognition theory and theory of planned behaviour in broadly-defined academic entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Wang ◽  
Jianfeng Cai ◽  
Hina Munir
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Academic Scientists ◽  
The Social

PurposeDrawing on the social cognition theory, the purpose of this research is to explore how selected individual and organizational determinants, namely individual academic output (AO) and previous commercialization experience, organizational scientific reputation and entrepreneurial support policies (ESPs) influence their broadly-defined academic entrepreneurial intentions, involving spin-off intention (SOI), patenting and licensing intention (PLI), contract research and consulting intention (CCI) through theory of planned behaviour (TPB) modelling.Design/methodology/approachThe current research constructs the framework by combining reciprocal determinism in the social cognition theory with TPB. To testify the hypotheses, partial least squares structural equational modelling (PLS–SEM) technique with 272 observations from Chinese universities was utilized.FindingsThe findings show that academic-related determinants, namely individual AO and organizational reputation (OR), are more likely to influence academic scientists' SOI through TPB modelling, while entrepreneurial-related determinants in terms of individual previous commercialization experience (PCE) and ESPs in higher education organizations are more influential for promoting behavioural intention to all kinds of academic entrepreneurship activities through TPB modelling. The more formal academic entrepreneurship involvement (engaging in creating spin-offs) is better explained through TPB modelling, especially the continuous mediating effects of subjective norms and entrepreneurial attitude and perceived behavioural control are more effective on spin-off activities. In addition, subjective norms are more influential in mediating relationships between individual or organizational antecedents and academic entrepreneurial intentions in the Chinese context.Originality/valueCombining the social cognition theory and TPB, this study first investigated how individual intentions to engage in broadly-defined academic entrepreneurial activities are promoted through TPB modelling. The results, relating to the divergence of different determinants shaping different academic entrepreneurial intentions through various paths in TPB modelling, will provide insight into university managers and policymakers to improve academic entrepreneurship engagement in the Chinese context.

scholarly journals Occupational Choice and Investments in Human Capital in Informal Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucila Berniell
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
Cross Country

AbstractInformality is pervasive in many developing countries and it can affect occupational and educational decisions. Cross-country data shows that the rate of entrepreneurship as well as the gap between the skill premium for entrepreneurs and for workers increase with the size of the informal economy. Also, in countries with larger informal sectors the fraction of high-skilled individuals that choose to be entrepreneurs is larger. To explain these facts, I develop a model economy with human capital investments, occupational choice and an informal sector, in which the investment in human capital improves the efficiency of labor as well as managerial skills, and the technology to produce goods exhibits capital-skill complementarity. Model predictions can account for cross-country evidence and also shed light on the mechanisms at work when the level of informality in the economy increases. In particular, a higher level of informality discourages human capital investments for workers while it incentivizes these investments for the case of some managers, mostly informal but talented.

Impact of sourcing from the informal economy on the export likelihood and performance of emerging economy firms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio Escobar ◽  
Olivier Lamotte ◽  
Ana Colovic ◽  
Pierre-Xavier Meschi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Institutional Voids ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Unique Dataset

Abstract Building on the institutional economics perspective, we study how local firms in an emerging economy exploit institutional voids by sourcing inputs from industries with a large informal economy. We argue that this allows them to build a cost-related competitive advantage and leverage it both to export and to enhance export performance. The empirical study uses a unique dataset compiled by the Mexican authorities covering manufacturing plants between 2005 and 2012. Our results indicate that firms operating in industries that procure from industries with an extensive informal economy are more likely to export and to have better export performance.

scholarly journals Cross-country differences in drivers of female necessity entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Sendra-Pons ◽  
Sara Belarbi-Muñoz ◽  
Dolores Garzón ◽  
Alicia Mas-Tur
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Necessity Entrepreneurship ◽  
Cross Country

AbstractThis paper analyzes the drivers of female necessity entrepreneurship using a sample of 59 countries, with data sourced from the 2018–2019 global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM). It develops a theoretical framework describing how post-secondary education, startup skills, fear of failure, knowing another entrepreneur, entrepreneurial intentions, and hiring expectations act as drivers of female necessity entrepreneurship. Using qualitative comparative analysis, two models are tested to explain the presence and absence of female necessity entrepreneurship. This outcome is measured using the GEM indicator of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals ANALISIS THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR DAN PENGETAHUAN TERHADAP NIAT BERINFAQ JAMAAH MAJELIS TAKLIM KECAMATAN SUKOMANUNGGAL SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Robbi Rodliyya Zahro ◽  
Sunan Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavior Control ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Perceived Behavior Control ◽  
Perceived Behavior

This study aims to determine the effect of the Theory of Planned Behavior and knowledge of the intention to invest in the assembly of the Taklim Muhammadiyah Sub-District of Sukomanunggal Surabaya. Primary data retrieval in this study used a questionnaire with a sample of 40 taklim assemblies in Sukomanunggal sub-district, Surabaya. The characteristics of the sample in this study were the pilgrims who attended the recitation in the assembly of taklim Muhammadiyah, Sukomanunggal, Surabaya. The sampling technique is Non-Probability Sampling and Simple Random Sampling. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The endogenous variable in this study is the intention to invest, while the exogenous variable used is part of the Theory of Planned Behavior which consists of attitudes, subjective norms, and Perceived Behavior Control and Knowledge. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously and partially attitudes, subjective norms, Perceived Behavior Control, and knowledge have a significant effect on the intention to invest in the assembly of taklim members of Muhammadiyah, Sukomanunggal District, Surabaya. Suggestions for further research to add to the scope of research subjects so that more general information can be obtained about related research, and using other variables outside of this research variable because it should be suspected that there are still several other factors that can influence intention to invest.Keywords: Theory Of Planned Behaviour, Knowledge, Infaq, Intention

scholarly journals Theory of Planned Behaviour and Pro-environmental Intention: Russian, Australian and Chinese Tourists in Phuket, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 358-365
Author(s):  
Oraphan Leenanithikul
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Responsible Behavior ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Chinese Tourists

As environmental problems keep being concerned by many parties, not only actors in the production side are accused as roots of the problem, the consumer side should not also be neglected. Since it has been suggested that pro-environmental intention will probably lead to some responsible behavior, this study aims to explore factors influencing consumers’ pro-environmental behavioral intention by applying the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The study focused on exploring the behavior of international tourists from Russia, Australia and China who travel in Phuket Province, Thailand. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that all factors were positively predictors of pro-environmental intention. Perceived behavioral control provided the highest impact (Beta = 0.543) whereas attitude toward pro-environmental behavior (Beta = 0.140) and subjective norms (Beta = 0.140) provided the lower impact and finally, perceived value (Beta = 0.087) provided the lowest impact.

ASR FORUM: ENGAGING WITH AFRICAN INFORMAL ECONOMIES

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Lyons ◽  
Alison Brown ◽  
Zhigang Li
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Economic Development Strategies

Abstract:This article analyzes the value chain for Chinese manufactured goods such as garments and textiles sold in sub-Saharan Africa. It explores the opportunities for Africans with small, private businesses in the export trade from China, the potential for long-term business development, and how strategies of engagement have changed over time. It finds that the value chains for low-cost goods vary. There is great diversity of entry levels and opportunities for socioeconomic mobility, and traders evolve diverse strategies to obtain and defend their position in the chain. These findings are discussed in terms of understandings of international value chains, the informal economy, and African economic development strategies.

Entrepreneurial intentions of private university students in the kingdom of Bahrain

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minwir Al-Shammari ◽  
Rana Waleed
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Response Rate ◽  
Social Valuation ◽  
The Government

Purpose This study aims to explore the level of entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) among students in three private universities in Bahrain. The examined factors that are expected to shape EI are personal attraction toward becoming an entrepreneur, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms and social valuation of entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach A close-ended questionnaire was used to collect data of the study. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 1,530 questionnaires, while the total number of the valid questionnaires retrieved was 550, which makes the total response rate to be 36 per cent. Findings Regression analysis results indicated that students’ personal attraction toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control had a significant strong positive relationship with their EI. In addition, there was a significant moderate positive relationship between students’ perceived subjective norms and social valuation of entrepreneurship with their EI. Originality/value The findings showed that entrepreneurial education is needed to improve students’ skills and knowledge and enhance their EI and perceived behavioral control. In addition, it is important to expose students to entrepreneurial role models and their businesses and to promote entrepreneurial careers as desirable and feasible options that may bring more advantages than working in the government or private sector.

PENGARUH THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR TERHADAP ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION MAHASISWA DI TANGERANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Zoel Hutabarat
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
College Level ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Young Entrepreneurs

The trend of young entrepreneurs coming from students is growing and this is in line with government programs that want to introduce and create resilient young entrepreneurs from an early age. When on campus, the desire of students to build a business is huge. But when they return to the community, the number of students who want to build a business is not as big as when they were in college. This study wants to look at the impact of the presence of entrepreneurship programs at the college level on entrepreneurial intentions on students. Can the program increase the desire of students to become entrepreneurs? This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to as many as 200 students at three private universities in Tangerang who have an entrepreneurship program and the data collected were processed using SEM PLS 3. The results of this study indicate that the variables of personal attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm, affect entrepreneurial Student intentions at the three universities studied. This can be the basis for universities to develop existing entrepreneurship programs to enhance student creativity. Not only facilitating students with exhibition programs, but also providing students with the tools to be more creative and innovative, not only in product development but also in the process of experiencing consumers.   Key Words: Theory of Planned Behaviour, Entrepreneurial Iintention, Students.

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