scholarly journals Assessment of Urban Sprawl and Its Impacts on Rural Landmasses of Colombo District: A Study Based on Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
B. Antalyn ◽  
V. P. A. Weerasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Shannon’S Entropy ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Shannon's Entropy ◽  
Investment Programme

Urban sprawl is one of the significant issues faced by cities in Sri Lanka today. Urban sprawl is unplanned and uneven pattern of growth, driven by a multitude of processes and leading to inefficient resource utilisation. This study evaluates urban sprawl and its impact on rural land masses of Colombo district, Sri Lanka in 1997, 2009 and 2018 using Shannon’s entropy values. Maximum likelihood supervised classification was applied for Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor 2018) and Landsat 5 TM (Thematic Mapper 1997, 2009) satellite images to get the build- up areas and then the Shannon’s entropy values using GIS were assessed. Calculated built-up areas were 98.97 (14.6 %), 178.76 (26.38%), 276.80 (40.85%) km2 and Shannon’s entropy values were 0.928, 1.009 and 1.059 for the years 1997, 2009 and 2018, respectively. Since Shannon’s entropy is an efficient indicator to measure urban sprawl, it is observed that Colombo district continues to sprawl from 1997 to 2018. The analysis of the results further showed that rapid increase of built-up area resulted in decrease in vegetation and agricultural areas. Calculated relative entropy values were 0.83, 0.91 and 0.95 for consecutive years, which has an increasing trend and exceeded the threshold value of 0.5 indicating a higher level of urban sprawl in Colombo district. Developed maps show that since 1997, the city has experienced pronounced urban sprawl along the main roads of Colombo district consuming rural lands at a faster pace as population shifts from urban areas. Prioritised policies in Government’s public investment programme 2017–2020 for sustainable urban development may help concentrate growth within targeted areas and restrain sprawling development in rural settings of Colombo district. Further, similar studies are encouraged to check the effectiveness of applying policies.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF URBAN SPRAWL USING SHANNON’S ENTROPY AND FRACTAL ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF ATAKUM, ILKADIM AND CANIK (SAMSUN, TURKEY)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya OZTURK
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Shannon’S Entropy ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Classification ◽  
Shannon's Entropy ◽  
Box Counting

Urban sprawl is one of the most important problems in urban development due to its negative environmental and societal impacts. Therefore, the spatial pattern of urban growth should be accurately analyzed and well understood for effective urban planning. This paper focuses on urban sprawl analysis in the Atakum, Ilkadim and Canik districts of Samsun, Turkey. In this study, urban sprawl was examined over a period of 24 years using Shannon's entropy and fractal analysis based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). The built-up areas in 1989, 2000 and 2013 were extracted from Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI images using the maximum likelihood classification method, and urban form changes in the 1989–2013 period were investigated. The Shannon's entropy method was used to determine the degree of urban sprawl, and a fractal analysis method based on box counting was used to characterize the urban sprawl. The results show that Atakum, Ilkadim and Canik experienced important changes and have considerable sprawl and complex characteristics now. The study also revealed that there is no monotonic relationship between Shannon's entropy and fractal dimension.

Monitoring of Rapid Urban Sprawl in Beijing with Time Series Remote Sensing Data and Analysis of Driving Forces

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4591-4595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ling Zhao ◽  
Dong Yan Zhang ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Lin Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
South Central ◽  
Urban Construction

Beijing has experienced a rapid urban sprawl over the past three decades, along with accelerated socio-economic development. This study investigated the change patterns and figured out the driving forces of urban expansion in the study area. To obtain urban class, decision tree classification techniques were used to identify the land cover types using four scenes of Landsat images from four periods of 1978-era, 1992-era, 2000-era and 2010-era. Then, the urban areas were identified by excluding water, agriculture, forest, grassland and bare land. The analysis results showed that: 1) urban construction land had been expanded very quickly and the urban area is mainly in the south-central part of the municipality; 2) the urban area increased by 96284.97 ha and the ratio was 5.88%; and 3) population growth, economic development, urban construction and industrial structure adjustment could explain the expansion. These analysis results can provide significant information on the monitoring and management of sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl Patterns and Processes in Delhi from 1977 to 2014 Based on Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Jain ◽  
A. P. Dimri ◽  
D. Niyogi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Shannon’S Entropy ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Spatial Metrics ◽  
Shannon's Entropy ◽  
Urban Patterns ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The City ◽  
Compactness Index

Abstract Recent decades have witnessed rapid urbanization and urban population growth resulting in urban sprawl of cities. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of the urbanization process (using remote sensing and spatial metrics) that has occurred in Delhi, the capital city of India, which is divided into nine districts. The urban patterns and processes within the nine administrative districts of the city based on raw satellite data have been taken into consideration. Area, population, patch, edge, and shape metrics along with Pearson’s chi statistics and Shannon’s entropy have been calculated. Three types of urban patterns exist in the city: 1) highly sprawled districts, namely, West, North, North East, and East; 2) medium sprawled districts, namely, North West, South, and South West; and 3) least sprawled districts—Central and New Delhi. Relative entropy, which scales Shannon’s entropy values from 0 to 1, is calculated for the districts and time spans. Its values are 0.80, 0.92, and 0.50 from 1977 to 1993, 1993 to 2006, and 2006 to 2014, respectively, indicating a high degree of urban sprawl. Parametric and nonparametric correlation tests suggest the existence of associations between built-up density and population density, area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension (AWMPFD) and area-weighted mean shape index (AWMSI), compactness index and edge density, normalized compactness index and number of patches, and AWMPFD and built-up density.

scholarly journals The Rate and Pattern of the Spatio-Temporal Expansion of Rangpur City Corporation, Rangpur, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
. Hasnahena ◽  
Subaran Chandra Sarker ◽  
Md. Sahidul Islam ◽  
Md. Zakiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Shannon’S Entropy ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Shannon's Entropy ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Entropy Technique

Analyzing the spatio-temporal growth of the built-up areas of any urban place is incredibly much vital for the proper planning and development of the urban areas. The present study emphasizes on determining the rate and pattern of spatio-temporal growth of Rangpur City Corporation (RpCC) for the year of 1989, 2000, 2010, and 2017 through Shannon's Entropy with the help of GIS and remote sensing techniques. The Shannon's Entropy technique was adopted in order to determining the dispersion or compactness in the pattern of the built-up areas in the study area. In the present study, Lands at Operational Land Imager (OLI), Lands at Thematic Mapper (TM) and Lands at Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) satellite images on the year of 1989, 2000, 2010, and 2017 were analyzed for certain interpretations. The changes of the built-up areas in RpCC were identified and determined through supervised classification using ArcMap10.5 software. The study indicated that spatio-temporal growth of the built-up areas have been in RpCC was existed during 1989-2017. The built-up areas increased by 5.89 Sq.km. during 1989 -2000, 32.23 Sq.km. during 2000- 2010 and 18.85 Sq.km. during 2010-2017 and the expansion rate of the built-up areas was 8.02%, 25.64% and 6.01% during 1989-2000, 2000-2010 and 2010-2017 respectively. The relative entropy value of 1989, 2000, 2010 and 2017 was found 0.17, 0.24, 0.47 and 0.53 which interprets that the expansion of the built-up areas was existed in RpCC and the pattern of expansion was dispersed. However, the outcomes of this study will be very helpful to formulate perfect planning and management system regarding the expansion of the built-up areas the built-up areas expansion of RpCC.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGH URBAN CONSOLIDATION POLICY IN SHIRAZ, IRAN

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Samzadeh ◽  
Zunaibi Abdullah ◽  
Saari Omar ◽  
Aniza Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Physical Expansion ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Consolidation

In the past few decades, cities from various parts of the world have faced with unplanned and uncontrolled physical expansion due to inappropriate policies. Among different solutions against urban sprawl, the dominant sustainable cure is the so-called 'Urban Consolidation' (UC). This paper aims to explore urban sprawl characteristics and present its cause and effect on the sustainability criteria of Shiraz city, Iran. It is confined to an exploration of population growth and physical expansion of the city. The data has been collected from governmental organizations and documents. This paper examines UC policy implementation in the inner city of Shiraz to control low-density urban sprawl. As the result, this paper discovers that the policy emphasizes on the higher density housing development in existing urban areas considering the capacity of infrastructures and facilities’ availability prior to calculate housing targets to decrease the demand for Greenfield development. It concludes with a brief discussion on the challenges to achieve sustainable urban development goals in the city through UC strategies.

scholarly journals A Geo-Spatial Analysis for Characterising Urban Sprawl Patterns in the Batticaloa Municipal Council, Sri Lanka

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Mathanraj Seevarethnam ◽  
Noradila Rusli ◽  
Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling ◽  
Ismail Said
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Municipal Council ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
Classification Tool

Urban sprawl related to rapid urbanisation in developed and developing nations affects sustainable land use. In Sri Lanka, urban areas have mostly expanded in a rather spontaneous, unplanned manner (based on the current settlers’ subjective movement) rather than conforming to the local government’s development plan. This growth inevitably leads to uncontrolled urban sprawl in many Sri Lankan cities, including Batticaloa. So far, Sri Lanka’s planners or researchers have not yet tackled the sprawling developments in this city. Understanding the different forms and patterns of urban sprawl is the key to address sprawling growth. This study aims to identify the characteristics of urban sprawl in the Batticaloa municipal council using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technology. Landsat satellite images for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 as well as 2002, 2011, and 2019 population data were used and analysed using ArcGIS’ maximum likelihood classification tool and the density function, respectively, to delineate the characteristics of urban sprawl. The results revealed that low-density development, leapfrog development, commercial ribbon development, and scattered growth are the influencing characteristics of urban sprawl in the Batticaloa municipality. These characteristics were found mainly in the urban edge of the city and have led to urban sprawl. The finding provides knowledge into recognising the characteristics of urban sprawl with empirical evidence. It affords a clear direction for future studies of urban sprawl in rapidly growing cities that are numerous in Sri Lanka, and the identified characteristics of urban sprawl can be useful in minimising future sprawl. This result can be a tool for future urban planning and management in the Batticaloa municipality.

scholarly journals Intelligent Urban Planning and Ecological Urbanscape-Solutions for Sustainable Urban Development. Case Study of Wolfsburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4903
Author(s):  
Joanna Dudek-Klimiuk ◽  
Barbara Warzecha
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Smart Mobile ◽  
The City

Intelligent urban planning and ecological urbanism can be recognized as two of the key solutions to act against urban sprawl. This process is associated with suburbanization, blurring boundaries between the city and suburbs, and the undefined role of open and green spaces within new structures. It has been identified as the biggest and the most common problem worldwide. This non-central planning has a huge impact not only on economic aspects, but—most of all—on the ecological and landscaping balance within the urban area. This study covers not only the recognition of the outlined situation, but also a conceptual proposal to challenge the problems of urban sprawl. The city of Wolfsburg serves as a case study to which the tools of Ecological Urbanism and Intelligent Urbanism were applied. A corrective plan for the study area has been worked out, based on the main approaches in urban planning of the 21st century. The green transformation processes to achieve resiliency within urban areas are inevitable and will have to be conducted due to the rising number of the dwellers, steadily changing climate, and socio-economic conditions all over the world. The main solutions include mainly the system of green corridors, interconnectedness of open spaces, walkability with smart mobile options and social community as a nucleus of a local neighborhood.

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