How does employment respond to minimum wage adjustment in China?

2020 ◽  
pp. 103530462097083
Author(s):  
Chung-Khain Wye ◽  
Elya Nabila Abdul Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Employment Effect ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita

Under what circumstances can minimum wages increase without adverse effects on employment levels? In 31 Chinese provinces between 2004 and 2015, the employment effect of a minimum wage depended on the minimum wage level, foreign direct investment, per capita gross domestic product and labour productivity. A minimum wage increase reduced hiring as foreign direct investment inflow rose, regardless of the amount of investment. Any positive employment effect of a minimum wage increase was mitigated by per capita gross domestic product growth, except when per capita gross domestic product was above the average. Above-average labour productivity enhancement significantly mitigated the adverse employment effect of the minimum wage. Employers responded to a rising minimum wage by increasing hiring when the geometric growth rates of the minimum wage and foreign direct investment for a particular province within a period of time were above the overall average across provinces. However, they scrutinised both annual and overall economic growth within a time period when making hiring decisions in the face of minimum wage adjustments. An inverted U-shape relationship between minimum wages and employment suggest a maximum threshold value for the minimum wage. Thus, government policy measures should foster short-term and long-term economic growth, to facilitate employment creation when minimum wages increase. JEL Codes: J38, J21, F16, O40

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Determinants of Gender Inequality Index in Eight ASEAN Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 11002
Author(s):  
Joko Sangaji ◽  
Miyasto ◽  
Akhmad Syakir Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Inequality Index ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Determinants

Gender inequality is a situation where women and men are not equal and it leads to an unequal treatment or an individual perception as a whole. Gender inequality is still a major obstacle to human development. It will have a negative impact on the development of their ability and freedom of choice. This study is aimed to examine macroeconomic determinants, namely gross domestic product per capita, trade and foreign direct investment to gender inequality index in eight ASEAN countries. They are Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The research was taken from 2010 to 2015 by using the dynamic panel data. The results concluded that all independent variables were significant and had a negative direction. It means that the increase in gross domestic product per capita, trade, and foreign direct investment substantially lowered the gender inequality index in eight ASEAN countries. These results emphasize the importance of continuously improving all macroeconomic determinants because they will impact the decline of gender inequality in eight ASEAN countries.

scholarly journals Implications of Free Trade Area For Poverty, Household Welfare And Economic Development In Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Idris Abubakar ◽  
Thomas onimisi Abaukaka ◽  
Muhammad Kabir O. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose of the study: The study aims to investigate the implications of free trade areas for poverty, household welfare and economic development in Nigeria. Methodology: This study employed a fully modified least squares (FMOLS) regression technique. The income per capita and unemployment out of many macroeconomics indexes were employed in this study to measure welfare and poverty implications of free trade area respectively. To enable the study, determine the policy and decision-making implications of the free trade area on Nigeria economy, historical data were drawn from the central bank statistical bulletin for 27 years. Main findings: The estimated results revealed that the income per capita (welfare) model demonstrated a fair view of free trade scenarios as indicated by the explanatory variables; export contributions to gross domestic product and foreign direct investment contributed positively to the welfare of the individual. Besides, the study also found foreign direct investment and export contributions to gross domestic product to have a negative relationship with unemployment, which implies a reduction in the unemployment rate in Nigeria. Research implications: This study documented that households’ welfare will be increased by free trade area, while unemployment will also be reduced by participating in free trade area. Based on study findings, policies makers, academia, researchers, the and government will find the study relevant in making policies that promote foreign direct investment, export contributions to the growth of the economy and gross domestic product such as reduction in tariff, simplifying trade regulations, increasing the availability of credit to exporters, creations of duty drawback, improving cooperation among economic actors and overall structural changes which will have positive implications on the households welfare, poverty and economic development. The novelty of the study: The relevance for free trade area as one among economic policies to promote the welfare and reduce poverty among nations is gaining momentum globally especially African continent. Given the paucity of studies on this area, the study is undertaken as a framework to determine what the implications of free trade areas will be among the African continent.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ITS AFFECTING FACTORS IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuji Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Affecting Factors

Foreign Direct Investment gave benefits in improving Indonesia's economics matters in Indonesia. Conseptually, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) more benefecial because no return to the investor such as debt in foreign country, beside Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in a country will be followed by transfer of technology, know-how, management skills, the risks of business was smaller and more profitable. However, the problem of global economic that occured affecting the development of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia decreased and the growth became slowly. Then domestic and global factors weren’t stable influencing the decrease Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. Therefore, it’s needed to examine the factors influencing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This study aimed to know and analyze some factors affecting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia consisting gross domestic product, the level of real interest, exchange rates, labour produtivity, and exports. The affecting analysis be done in short-time by using Error Correction Mechanism = ECM technique. It was used time series data from 2000 to 2013 using Eviews 6.0. The type of data used was secondary data obtained from Indonesia Bank (BI), Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and United Nations Economic Social Commision for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). The results of this study showed that gross domestic product, the level of real interest, exchange rates, and labour productivity had positive affection significantly on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. While the exports had negative affection significantly on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. From determination coefficient (R2) showed that the variables explained 97.13 percent on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia while the rest 2.87 percent was explained by variables out of models (not studied).

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ITS AFFECTING FACTORS IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Fuji Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Affecting Factors

Foreign Direct Investment gave benefits in improving Indonesia's economics matters in Indonesia. Conseptually, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) more benefecial because no return to the investor such as debt in foreign country, beside Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in a country will be followed by transfer of technology, know-how, management skills, the risks of business was smaller and more profitable. However, the problem of global economic that occured affecting the development of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia decreased and the growth became slowly. Then domestic and global factors weren’t stable influencing the decrease Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. Therefore, it’s needed to examine the factors influencing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This study aimed to know and analyze some factors affecting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia consisting gross domestic product, the level of real interest, exchange rates, labour produtivity, and exports. The affecting analysis be done in short-time by using Error Correction Mechanism = ECM technique. It was used time series data from 2000 to 2013 using Eviews 6.0. The type of data used was secondary data obtained from Indonesia Bank (BI), Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and United Nations Economic Social Commision for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). The results of this study showed that gross domestic product, the level of real interest, exchange rates, and labour productivity had positive affection significantly on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. While the exports had negative affection significantly on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. From determination coefficient (R2) showed that the variables explained 97.13 percent on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia while the rest 2.87 percent was explained by variables out of models (not studied).

ANALISIS DETERMINAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERIODE 1999-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ersalina Tang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
World Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electric Consumption, and Meat Consumption on CO2 emissions of 41 countries in the world using panel data from 1999 to 2013. After analyzing 41 countries in the world data, furthermore 17 countries in Asia was analyzed with the same period. This study utilized quantitative approach with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The results of 41 countries in the world data indicates that Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Meat Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities which measured by CO2 emissions. Whilst the results of 17 countries in Asia data implies that Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption, and Electric Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities. However, Gross Domestic Product and Meat Consumption does not affect Environmental Qualities.

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Foreign Direct Investment dan Tax Rate Terhadap Penerimaan PPh Badan Negara ASEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-342
Author(s):  
Merry Inriama ◽  
Milla Sepliana Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Effect Model

Keterbukaan perekonomian menjadi penentu yang penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kondisi perekonomian suatu negara dapat memberi dampak terhadap penerimaan sektor perpajakan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari salah satu penerimaan pajak suatu negara yaitu melalui penerimaan PPh Badan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi yang diukur dengan Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), dan Tax Rate terhadap besarnya penerimaan PPh Badan (CIT) dalam kasus lima negara ASEAN selama periode 1999-2018. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan estimasi Random Effect Model atau Generalized Least Square (GLS) dengan program Eviews. Hasil penelitian ini secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen yaitu GDP, FDI, dan tax rate memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel dependen yaitu penerimaan PPh Badan (CIT). Secara parsial PDB dan tax rate memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan yang artinya kenaikan atau penurunan GDP dan tax rate akan mempengaruhi kenaikan atau penurunan penerimaan PPh Badan (CIT), sedangkan FDI tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap penerimaan PPh Badan (CIT). Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengukur variabel-variabel yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap penerimaan PPh Badan, sehingga penerimaan PPh Badan dapat ditingkatkan.

Causal Relathionships Between Gross Domestic Product, International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Plaskon ◽  
Svitlana Shevelova ◽  
Ruslana Ruska ◽  
Olesya Martyniuk ◽  
Oksana Lesyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Domestic Product

Abstract P360: Hypertension Treatment Rates And Health Worker Density: An Analysis Of Worldwide Data

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Vedanthan ◽  
Mondira Ray ◽  
Valentin Fuster ◽  
Ellen Magenheim
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading global risk for mortality and its prevalence is increasing in many low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension treatment rates are low worldwide, potentially in part due to insufficient human resources. However, the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates is unknown. Objective: To conduct an econometric analysis of the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates worldwide. Methods: Hypertension treatment rates were collected from published reports between 1980 and 2010. Data on health worker (physician and nurse) density were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO). Data for potential confounding variables--per capita gross domestic product, hospital bed density, burden of infectious diseases, land area and urban population--were obtained from WHO and World Bank databases. Potential interaction by per capita gross domestic product was evaluated. Multivariable logistic-logarithmic regression analysis was performed using Stata. Results: Full data were available from 146 countries spanning all World Bank income classification categories. Health worker density was significantly associated with hypertension treatment rate in the unadjusted model (beta = 0.23; p < 0.005). In the fully adjusted model, the association remained positive but was not statistically significant (beta = 0.30; p = 0.078) (Figure). Hypertension treatment rates were more strongly related to physician than nurse density (beta = 0.21 vs 0.08; p = 0.10 vs 0.49). Conclusion: Hypertension treatment rates across the world appear to be related to health worker density, although the relationship does not achieve strict statistical significance. Our results suggest that a 10% increase in health worker density is associated with a 2-3% increase in hypertension treatment rate. Given the global burden of hypertension and other chronic diseases, WHO guidelines for health workforce staffing may need to be reconsidered.

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