scholarly journals The pathology of natural and experimentally induced Campylobacter jejuni abortion in sheep

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110332
Author(s):  
Michael J. Yaeger ◽  
Orhan Sahin ◽  
Paul J. Plummer ◽  
Zuowei Wu ◽  
Judith A. Stasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Purulent Meningitis ◽  
Microscopic Lesion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Experimentally Induced

We describe here the gross and microscopic lesions in 18 experimentally induced and 120 natural Campylobacter abortions. In natural Campylobacter abortions, gross lesions were reported infrequently; placentitis was recorded in 6% and hepatic lesions in 4% of our field cases. Placentitis was the microscopic lesion identified most consistently in natural abortions (93%) and was often observed in association with abundant bacterial colonies in chorionic villi (54%) and less often with placental vasculitis (13%). In natural abortions, suppurative fetal pneumonia (48%), necrosuppurative hepatitis (16%), and purulent meningitis (7%) were also observed. The better-preserved specimens from experimentally induced abortions were utilized to define placental changes more precisely. Placentitis was identified in all 18 experimentally induced abortions and was observed most consistently in the chorionic villus stroma (100%), often accompanied by suppurative surface exudate (89%). An inflammatory infiltrate was less commonly identified in the cotyledonary hilus (39%) and intercotyledonary placenta (22%). Bacteria were visualized in H&E-stained sections in 89% of placentas from experimentally infected ewes, primarily as well-demarcated bacterial colonies within subtrophoblastic, sinusoidal capillaries (89%), in the cotyledonary villus stroma (89%), and within the cytoplasm of trophoblasts (22%). Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry confirmed that the vast majority of the well-demarcated bacterial colonies characteristic of Campylobacter abortion were within subtrophoblastic sinusoidal capillaries. The most characteristic microscopic lesions identified in cases of Campylobacter abortion in sheep were placentitis with placental bacterial colonies, placental vasculitis, and fetal pneumonia.

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Campylobacter jejuni to Stress

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2747-2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
PUSSADEE TANGWATCHARIN ◽  
SUGANYA CHANTHACHUM ◽  
PRAPAPORN KHOPAIBOOL ◽  
MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
Nonculturable Cells ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Stressed Cell ◽  
Aging Cell

Under conditions of stress, cells of Campylobacter assume a coccoid shape that may be an evolutionary strategy evolved by the organism to enable survival between hosts. However, the physiology of Campylobacter as it devolves from spiral to coccoid-shaped morphology is poorly understood. In this study, conditions influencing the survival of Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 35921 in broth were determined. Cells in late log phase were resuspended in broth at 4 or 60°C. The culturability of these cold- or heat-stressed cell suspensions was determined by spread plate counts and the activity of cells by the direct viable count technique and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride staining. C. jejuni changed form completely from culturable to viable but nonculturable cells (VBNC) within 25 days at 4°C, and 15 min at 60°C. Light microscopy of C. jejuni VBNC cells showed that the spiral-shaped cells became coccoid, and transmission electron microscopy of C. jejuni VBNC cells showed that the outer membrane was lost in aging cell suspensions. Furthermore, a limited proteomic study was carried out to compare C. jejuni proteins that exhibited increased or decreased synthesis on exposure to 60°C.

Evidence of bacterial DNA presence in chorionic villi and amniotic fluid in the first and second trimester of pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Campisciano ◽  
Mariachiara Quadrifoglio ◽  
Manola Comar ◽  
Francesco De Seta ◽  
Nunzia Zanotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Chorionic Villus Sampling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
V3 Region

The sterile-womb dogma in uncomplicated pregnancy has been lively debated. Data regarding the in utero microbiome environment are based mainly on studies performed at the time of delivery. Aim: To determine whether human placenta and amniotic fluid are populated by a bacterial microbiota in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Materials & methods: We analyzed by next-generation sequencing method 24 and 29 samples from chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis (AC), respectively. The V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Results: 37.5% of CVS and 14% of AC samples showed the presence of bacterial DNA. Conclusion: Our study suggests that bacterial DNA can be identified in the placenta and amniotic fluid during early prenatal life.

scholarly journals IMMUNOFLUORESCENT EXAMINATION OF THE HUMAN CHORIONIC VILLUS FOR BLOOD GROUP A AND B SUBSTANCE

1965 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Thiede ◽  
J. W. Choate ◽  
H. H. Gardner ◽  
H. Santay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Specific Fluorescence ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Villous Trophoblast ◽  
Group Substance ◽  
If Technique ◽  
Group A ◽  
B Blood Group

The chorionic villi of term placentas were examined for A and B blood group substance using the IF technique with heterologous and homologous antisera. No specific fluorescence was found in either the villous trophoblast or vessels of the chorionic villi. The implications of these findings in relation to the question of trophoblastic antigenicity are discussed.

scholarly journals Infection With a Novel Rickettsiella Species in Emperor Scorpions (Pandinus imperator)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-870
Author(s):  
Sushan Han ◽  
Aníbal G. Armién ◽  
Janet E. Hill ◽  
Champika Fernando ◽  
Dan S. Bradway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Hematopoietic Organ ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Methenamine Silver

Rickettsiella infection was diagnosed in 4 adult emperor scorpions ( Pandinus imperator) from 2 different collections over a 3-year period. One case had a 2-day history of weakness, failure to lift the tail, or respond to stimulation, with rapid progression to death. The other 3 cases were found dead. There were no gross lesions, but histologically the hemolymphatic vasculature and sinuses, presumed hematopoietic organ, heart, midgut and midgut diverticula, nerves, and skeletal muscle were infiltrated with phagocytic and granular hemocytes with necrosis. Phagocytic hemocytes contained abundant intracellular microorganisms that were Fite’s acid-fast-positive, Macchiavello-positive, variably gram-positive or gram-negative, and Grocott’s methenamine silver-negative. By transmission electron microscopy, hemocytes contained numerous phagocytic vacuoles with small dense bacterial forms (mean 0.603 × 0.163 μm) interspersed with large bacterial forms (mean 1.265 × 0.505 μm) and few intermediary forms with electron-dense nucleoids and membrane-bound crystalline arrays (average 4.72 μm). Transmission electron microscopy findings were consistent with bacteria of the family Coxiellaceae. Based on sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, the identity was confirmed as Rickettsiella, and phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes gidA, rspA, and sucB genes suggested the emperor scorpion pathogen as a new species. This study identifies a novel Rickettsiella causing infection in emperor scorpions and characterizes the unique pathological findings of this disease. We suggest this organism be provisionally named Rickettsiella scorpionisepticum.

Chorionic villi and syncytial sprouts in spontaneous and induced abortions

1971 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Fujikura ◽  
Kenichiro Ezaki ◽  
Hideo Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Induced Abortions

scholarly journals Morphometric study of the hepatic lesions experimentally induced in hamsters byEntamoeba disparandE. histolytica

Parasite ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A.X. Costa ◽  
K.N.O. Brito ◽  
M.A. Gomes ◽  
M.V. Caliari
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Experimentally Induced

scholarly journals The human sex ratio from conception to birth

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (16) ◽  
pp. E2102-E2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hecht Orzack ◽  
J. William Stubblefield ◽  
Viatcheslav R. Akmaev ◽  
Pere Colls ◽  
Santiago Munné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Chorionic Villus Sampling ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Total Female

We describe the trajectory of the human sex ratio from conception to birth by analyzing data from (i) 3- to 6-d-old embryos, (ii) induced abortions, (iii) chorionic villus sampling, (iv) amniocentesis, and (v) fetal deaths and live births. Our dataset is the most comprehensive and largest ever assembled to estimate the sex ratio at conception and the sex ratio trajectory and is the first, to our knowledge, to include all of these types of data. Our estimate of the sex ratio at conception is 0.5 (proportion male), which contradicts the common claim that the sex ratio at conception is male-biased. The sex ratio among abnormal embryos is male-biased, and the sex ratio among normal embryos is female-biased. These biases are associated with the abnormal/normal state of the sex chromosomes and of chromosomes 15 and 17. The sex ratio may decrease in the first week or so after conception (due to excess male mortality); it then increases for at least 10–15 wk (due to excess female mortality), levels off after ∼20 wk, and declines slowly from 28 to 35 wk (due to excess male mortality). Total female mortality during pregnancy exceeds total male mortality. The unbiased sex ratio at conception, the increase in the sex ratio during the first trimester, and total mortality during pregnancy being greater for females are fundamental insights into early human development.

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