scholarly journals Evaluation and Application of an Indirect ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Milk, Bulk Milk, and Serum

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elvander ◽  
S. Edwards ◽  
IS. Näslund ◽  
N. Linde
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
National Veterinary Institute ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Syncytial Virus

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed at the National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Uppsala, to detect antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in serum and milk. For the evaluation of the NVI ELISA, field sera collected from cattle in England and Sweden were tested in parallel with an ELISA in use at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Weybridge. The tests showed 96% agreement. The sensitivity and specificity of the NVI ELISA relative to the CVL ELISA were 94% and 100%, respectively. There was evidence that the difference in sensitivity between the 2 tests was due to the detection of both IgG and IgM class antibodies by the CVL ELISA, whereas the NVI ELISA was designed specifically to detect IgGl. Milk and serum samples from individual cows were tested by the NVI ELISA for presence of antibodies to BRSV. There was a good correlation between the ability to detect antibodies in serum and the ability to detect them in milk, although the antibody titer was generally lower in milk than in serum. Bulk milk samples were collected from farms with severe clinical symptoms of respiratory distress and from farms with no history of respiratory disease. There was a clear distinction between antibody levels in diseased and healthy herds. The NVI ELISA is a rapid and reliable test for detecting antibodies to BRSV in milk, bulk milk, and serum samples.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in cattle in the Nineveh Governorate, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1862-1865
Author(s):  
Khder Jassiem Hussain ◽  
Maab Ibrahim Al-Farwachi ◽  
Sadam Dhahir Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background and Aim: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the main causes of severe pneumonia, interstitial edema, and emphysema in cattle. The current study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of BRSV in cattle in the Nineveh Province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Between September 2017 and September 2018, 450 serum samples were collected from non-vaccinated cattle of different ages and breeds for BRSV testing. The epidemiological information of the animals was recorded. The prevalence of the disease was determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The prevalence of BRSV was 83.11%, and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cattle aged greater than 7 months-1.5 years than in older animals; in imported cattle than in Native animals; and in animals originating from large herds (100 animals) than in those from smaller herds (40 animals). There was no significant difference between BRSV prevalence in male and female animals. When samples from different regions of the Nineveh Governorate were compared, the northern region was associated with the highest prevalence of the disease. Samples harvested in the winter displayed the highest BRSV titer, compared to those collected during the other seasons. Conclusion: BRSV is prevalent in cattle from the Nineveh Governorate. Risk factors such as animal age, origin, herd size, and the herd's geographical location are associated with an increased prevalence of the disease in this region. Routine vaccination programs should be adopted to reduce the prevalence of BRSV.

Evaluation of an IgM-Specific Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Influence of IgM Rheumatoid Factor on Test Results with Field Sera

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Graham ◽  
K. A. Mawhinney ◽  
M. Elvander ◽  
B. M. Adair ◽  
M. Merza
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Syncytial Virus

A commercially available indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)-specific IgG was adapted to measure virus-specific IgM. Using this assay, the development of rapid IgM responses in experimentally infected calves was observed 7–9 days postinfection, with peak absorbance values ranging from 1.698 to 2.873. When absorbance values were expressed as a percentage of a positive reference serum, a positive/negative threshold of 22% was determined by testing serum samples from 59 healthy 3–5-month-old calves. Acute and convalescent serum samples collected from 151 calves during 38 outbreaks of respiratory disease were tested, and 130 sera were positive. To determine the number of false-positive results due to the presence of IgM rheumatoid factor, a method for depleting serum IgG by pretreatment of sera with a suspension of protein-G-agarose was developed. All sera that initially tested IgM positive were retested following depletion of serum IgG. False-positive IgM reactions were detected in 23 sera (17.7%). Specific IgM responses were confirmed in 107 sera from 84 calves. Evidence of BRSV infection was detected in 34 of 38 outbreaks. In contrast, seroconversion was detected in 69 calves from 24 outbreaks, confirming the diagnostic potential of the IgM assay. Overall correlation between IgM and seroconversion results was 74.2%. Intra- and interassay reproducibility were 12.50% and 17.48%, respectively (mean coefficients of variation).

scholarly journals Baculovirus Expression of the Fusion Protein Gene of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Utility of the Recombinant Protein in a Diagnostic Enzyme Immunoassay

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Pastey ◽  
Siba K. Samal
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Plaque Reduction Assay ◽  
F Protein ◽  
Syncytial Virus

The fusion (F) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was expressed by using a baculovirus vector. Antigenicity was tested by immunofluorescence analysis with F-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies to recombinant F protein raised in a rabbit neutralized BRSV and human respiratory syncytial virus infectivity when tested in a plaque reduction assay. The recombinant F protein was evaluated as a source of antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and this ELISA was compared with the virus neutralization (VN) test for detecting BRSV antibodies in 10 consecutive serum samples from four calves vaccinated with a live modified BRSV vaccine and from two nonvaccinated control calves. The ELISA with the baculovirus-expressed F protein as an antigen compared favorably with the VN test and is a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for detecting serum antibodies to BRSV.

scholarly journals The development and application of an indirect Elisa test for the detection of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in blood serum 

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kovařčík
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Reference Serum ◽  
Serum Neutralization Test ◽  
Syncytial Virus

We developed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of serum antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. For evaluation of the newly developed ELISA, field sera collected from 549 head of cattle in the Czech Republic were tested in parallel by a serum neutralization test. The tests showed 98.36% agreement. The specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA relative to serum neutralization test was 97.00% (226/233) and 99.37% (314/316), respectively. Tissue culture-grown viral antigen was used in the tests. The corrected optical density (COD) of each sample tested at dilution 1/100 was expressed as a percentage of the COD of a positive reference serum included on each plate, this value was the sample/positive (S/P) ratio. We determined the relationship between the S/P ratio (%) obtained at a dilution 1/100 and the end point titer calculated by serum neutralization test (r = 0.9743). The ELISA test was evaluated by testing acute and convalescent (3 wk later) serum pairs from 9 head of cattle with confirmed BRSV infection for demonstration of seroconversion. The ELISA test demonstrated a clear increase of the S/P ratio (%) between acute and convalescent serum pairs (on average 42.2 &plusmn; 13.1).

scholarly journals Class-specific antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected lambs

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sharma ◽  
Z. Woldehiwet
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Syncytial Virus

SUMMARYEnzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) was used to titrate virus-specific IgG, IgM and IgA levels in nasal secretions, lung lavage fluids and serum samples sequentially obtained from lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Virus-specific IgG and IgM responses were measured by the indirect double antibody sandwich ELISA using anti-bovine RSV monoclonal antibody, as capture antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated anti-sheep IgG and anti-sheep IgM. Virus-specific IgA antibodies were measured by antibody capture assay using anti-sheep IgA (α–chain specific) and anti-bovine RSV monoclonal antibodies.Bovine RSV-specific IgM and IgA antibodies were detected in the serum samples within 6 days post-inoculation (p.i.). Virus-specific IgC antibodies appeared in serum samples 4 days later. In nasal secretions, IgA antibodies appeared 7 days p.i. but IgM antibodies were not detected until 12–16 days p.i. In serum samples, IgM titres were predominant for the first 2 weeks p.i. IgC titres becoming predominant thereafter. In nasal secretions and lung lavage fluids, IgA titres were significantly higher than IgM or IgG titres up to 21 days p.i. (0·01).

CASE REPORT: A DISEASE OUTBREAK OF BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS IN TAIWAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Shyh-Shyan Liu ◽  
Hsiu-Yen Shen ◽  
Jai-Wei Lee ◽  
Show-Win Lin ◽  
Hunter Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
Syncytial Virus

A dairy farm with 300 Holstein cattle in Hsin-Chu County, Taiwan, had an outbreak of a respiratory disease from the end of September to November, 2013. Adult animals (1–5-year-old) showed clinical symptoms of anorexia, depression, fever, and dropped milk production during the early stage of infection. In severe cases, animals suffered from dyspnea with frothy saliva at the edge of opened mouth. Samples were collected from eight sick animals, amplified in the baby hamster kidney cell-21 (BHK-21), and the cytopathic effect (CPE) was confirmed. Primers specific to Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Bovine herpesvirus type I (BHV-I), Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) and Mannheimia haemolytica were used to identify the pathogen responsible for this respiratory disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results of sequence analysis confirmed that BRSV is the causative pathogen for the respiratory infection. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first disease case of BRSV reported in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Histophilus somni Interaction at the Alveolar Barrier

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2592-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Agnes ◽  
B. Zekarias ◽  
M. Shao ◽  
M. L. Anderson ◽  
L. J. Gershwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACTOur previous studies showed thatHistophilus somniand bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) act synergisticallyin vivoto cause more severe bovine respiratory disease than either agent alone causes. SinceH. somnisurface and secreted immunoglobulin binding protein A (IbpA) causes retraction of bovine alveolar type 2 (BAT2) cells and invasion between BAT2 cellsin vitro, we investigated mechanisms of BRSV-plus-H. somniinfection at the alveolar barrier. BRSV treatment of BAT2 cells prior to treatment with IbpA-richH. somniconcentrated culture supernatant (CCS) resulted in increased BAT2 cell rounding and retraction compared to those with either treatment alone. This mimicked the increased alveolar cell thickening in calves experimentally infected with BRSV followed byH. somnicompared to that in calves infected with BRSV orH. somnialone. BRSV-plus-H. somniCCS treatment of BAT2 cells also enhanced paracellular migration. The effect of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was investigated as well because microarray analysis revealed that treatment with BRSV plusH. somnisynergistically upregulated BAT2 cell expression ofmmp1andmmp3compared to that in cells treated with either agent alone. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed that MMP1 and MMP3 protein levels were similarly upregulated. In collagen I and collagen IV (targets for MMP1 and MMP3, respectively) substrate zymography, digestion was increased with supernatants from dually treated BAT2 cells compared with those from singly treated cells. Enhanced breakdown of collagen IV in the basal lamina and of fibrillar collagen I in the adjacent interstitium in the dual infection may facilitate dissemination ofH. somniinfection.

scholarly journals Establishing presence of antibodies against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza virus 3 (PI3) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) in blood serum of cattle using indirect immunoenzyme probe

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Nenad Milic ◽  
Velibor Stojic ◽  
Dejan Knezevic ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus

A total of 92 samples of bovine blood serum were examined for the presence of antibodies against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus using indirect immunoenzyme probe - iELISA. Specific antibodies against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were established in 46, or 50% blood serum samples. Investigations of the 92 blood serum samples of cattle for the presence of antibodies against the parainfluenza virus 3 (PI 3), revealed their presence in 77, or 83.69% of the samples, and the presence of antibodies against the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) was established in 19, or 20.65% of the samples.

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