Legal Issues in Early Childhood Special Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110231
Author(s):  
Susan Larson Etscheidt ◽  
Stephanie L. Schmitz ◽  
Andi M. Edmister

Family and professional collaboration is beneficial to students, families, and educators. The importance of such collaboration was recognized for families of students with disabilities, resulting in provisions in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which ensure parental participation in educational planning. Despite the benefits of family and professional collaboration and IDEA mandate, many parents disagree with the educational planning decisions provided to their children and request due process hearings. Parents perceive a lack of opportunity to provide input and/or to disagree with schools’ perspectives. Parents of early childhood students report significant concerns about their child’s readiness for the transition to kindergarten and their limited role in transition planning as their children prepared to enter preschool programs. The purpose of this article was to examine the issues identified in parental complaints in early childhood special education (ECSE) through a qualitative content analysis of recent court cases. The results revealed six themes related to current issues in ECSE programs. We conclude with several recommendations for state policy makers to improve services in ECSE based on the DEC Recommended Practices.

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Suk ◽  
James E. Martin ◽  
Amber E. McConnell ◽  
Tiffany L. Biles

Individuals With Disabilities Education Act 2004 mandates transition planning for students with disabilities begin by the age of 16 years. Currently, no study exists describing when states and territories require transition planning to begin; we conducted a methodical review to determine this age. We found over half (52%) the U.S. states and territories (29 of 56) require transition planning begin prior to the federal age 16 mandate. To argue the age 16 federal mandate is too old and needs to be lowered to at least age 14, we review special education law, provide a summary of influential position statements, cite relevant data-based studies, and provide an overview of research-based transition models.


2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Stephen A Rosenbaum

In this essay, disability practitioner and scholar Stephen Rosenbaum proposes a radical change in the United States administrative adversarial adjudicatory process for resolution of “special” education disputes between educators and students with disabilities, looking for inspiration in part to Canada and the Commonwealth’s use of an inquisitorial approach. Typically, the dispute is over whether the students—termed “les enfants en difficulté” in French-speaking Canada—are receiving an appropriate array of instructional interventions and services. Adversarial adjudication has had many critics over the years. Asking a judge to weigh the parent (or student’s) preferred options under the U.S. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA] against those of the school administration may not be the optimal method for designating a pupil’s educational program—nor a good use of time and money.  The author’s blueprint calls for replacing the IDEA due process hearing with another model in instances where the family and school authorities disagree about the components of a student’s instructional program. Under current law, the hearing is typically conducted by an administrative jurist in which the parties present evidence, expert testimony and argument, if they have been unable to resolve their disagreement at a school-based team meeting, mediation or some other informal conference. In the proposal presented here, disagreements would instead be reviewed by a “special master” whose expertise is in education or disability rather than law. Through a process of problem-solving or “active adjudication,” the master (or “independent educational reviewer”) would attempt to quickly resolve the dispute over appropriate placement, instructional strategies and/or services. The master could hold a conference, conduct a hearing or brief investigation, receive more documents, consult with experts or correspond in some other mode with the parties. The master’s determination would be subject to judicial review in limited circumstances. Dans le présent essai, Stephen Rosenbaum, avocat et universitaire spécialisé en matière d’éducation et de la situation de handicap, s’inspire en partie de l’approche inquisitoire suivie au Canada et au Commonwealth pour proposer une modification radicale du processus contradictoire qu’utilisent les instances administratives américaines pour résoudre les différends opposant les éducateurs et les élèves avec les incapacités intellectuelles ou psycho-sociales. Habituellement, le différend porte sur la question de savoir si les élèves, appelés « les enfants en difficulté » dans le Canada francophone, reçoivent un éventail approprié de services d’aide et d’intervention en matière d’éducation. Le processus contradictoire a été décrié à maintes reprises au fil des années. Demander au juge de soupeser les options que privilégient les parents (ou les élèves) en application de la loi des États-Unis intitulée Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA] par rapport à celles de l’administration scolaire n’est peut-être pas la meilleure façon de procéder pour élaborer le programme d’éducation d’un élève, et ne représente pas non plus une bonne utilisation des ressources.L’auteur propose de remplacer l’audience équitable prévue par l’IDEA par un autre processus dans les cas où la famille et les autorités scolaires ne s’entendent pas sur le contenu du programme d’éducation d’un élève. Selon la loi actuellement en vigueur, l’audience est habituellement conduite par un juriste administratif devant lequel les parties présentent des éléments de preuve, des témoignages d’expert et des arguments, si elles ont été incapables de régler leur différend lors d’une rencontre, d’une séance de médiation ou d’une autre conférence informelle avec une équipe pluridisciplinaire de l’école. Dans le modèle proposé ici, les désaccords seraient plutôt examinés par un « special master » (conseiller spécial) qui serait spécialisé en matière d’éducation ou de la situation de handicap plutôt qu’en droit. Dans le cadre d’un processus axé sur la résolution de problèmes ou sur l’« arbitrage actif », le conseiller (ou l’« examinateur pédagogique indépendant ») s’efforcerait de régler rapidement le différend au sujet du placement ou des services ou stratégies pédagogiques qui conviennent. Le conseiller pourrait tenir une conférence, conduire une audience ou une brève enquête, recevoir d’autres documents, consulter des experts ou correspondre d’une autre manière avec les parties. La décision du conseiller serait susceptible de contrôle judiciaire dans des circonstances restreintes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Gary Greene ◽  
Leena Jo Landmark

School compliance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) transition services language requirements in this country has been an issue of concern to parents of students with disabilities as well as special education attorneys and advocates for quite some time. Evidence exists in special education case law about court rulings regarding poor transition programming and services provided by school districts to students with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to review literature on these legal cases, describe a small-scale study that investigated the most common transition-related issues mediated by special education attorneys in the state of California, and make recommendations to public school districts on how to avoid transition-related legal disputes on the IDEA transition services language requirements.


2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Constance C. Petit ◽  
Philip P. Patterson

Homebound services involve the delivery of special education in settings other than school sites. Such settings typically include students’ homes or hospitals. Most often associated with early childhood special education and with students who are medically or physically fragile, homebound services can also be for those in need of interim alternative educational settings (IAES). Although homebound services have been available to some students with disabilities for more than 50 years, little research exists on that delivery model. This study investigated the training, practices and perceptions of service providers who work in homebound settings. Data from a self-administered survey of a national sample were analyzed. Key findings included: a widespread lack of training for professionals who delivered homebound services; an absence of school district or agency policies or procedure concerning the delivery of such services; and statistically significantly higher perceptions of self-efficacy by those who did receive training.


2021 ◽  
pp. 003804072110133
Author(s):  
Catherine Kramarczuk Voulgarides ◽  
Alexandra Aylward ◽  
Adai Tefera ◽  
Alfredo J. Artiles ◽  
Sarah L. Alvarado ◽  
...  

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ([IDEA] 2004; IDEA Amendments 1997) is a civil rights–based law designed to protect the rights of students with disabilities in U.S. schools. However, decades after the initial passage of IDEA, racial inequity in special education classifications, placements, and suspensions are evident. In this article, we focus on understanding how racial discipline disparities in special education outcomes relate to IDEA remedies designed to address problem behaviors. We qualitatively examine how educators interpret and respond to citations for racial discipline disproportionality via IDEA at both the district and the school level in a suburban locale. We find that educators interpret the inequity in ways that neutralize the racialized implications of the citation, which in turn affects how they respond to the citation. These interpretations contribute to symbolic and race-evasive IDEA compliance responses. The resulting bureaucratic and organizational structures associated with IDEA implementation become a mechanism through which the visibility of race and racialization processes are erased and muted through acts of policy compliance. Thus, the logic of compliance surrounding IDEA administration serves as a reproductive social force that sustains practices that do not disrupt locally occurring racialized inequities.


2021 ◽  
pp. 875687052110279
Author(s):  
Malarie E. Deardorff ◽  
Corey Peltier ◽  
Belkis Choiseul-Praslin ◽  
Kendra Williams-Diehm ◽  
Melissa Wicker

The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act mandates transition planning to occur in conjunction with the individualized education program for secondary age students with disabilities beginning by age 16, or earlier. To fulfill this mandate, teachers must possess a depth of content and pedagogical knowledge related to the transition planning process. However, the majority of special educators do not receive coursework dedicated to transition in their undergraduate programming. Furthermore, teachers in under-resourced and underserved rural districts may have inequitable professional development opportunities to bolster their transition planning knowledge. This lack of transition-related education potentially leads to inadequate and noncompliant transition plans for students with disabilities. The current study examined differences in teachers’ knowledge based on locale: rural ( n = 75), suburban ( n = 48), and urban ( n = 64) from one southern state. Determining whether differences are identified by locale can inform the allocation of resources to provide high-quality, evidence-aligned professional development models to improve teacher knowledge in underserved and under-resourced rural locales. In addition, identifying gaps in teacher knowledge will inform pre-service and in-service teacher preparation. We provide an avenue of needed future research to improve transition-planning processes for students with disabilities.


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