scholarly journals UNE PROCÉDURE EN DIFFICULTÉ: A BLUEPRINT FOR RESOLVING “SPECIAL” EDUCATION DISPUTES THROUGH A QUASI-INQUISITORIAL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Stephen A Rosenbaum

In this essay, disability practitioner and scholar Stephen Rosenbaum proposes a radical change in the United States administrative adversarial adjudicatory process for resolution of “special” education disputes between educators and students with disabilities, looking for inspiration in part to Canada and the Commonwealth’s use of an inquisitorial approach. Typically, the dispute is over whether the students—termed “les enfants en difficulté” in French-speaking Canada—are receiving an appropriate array of instructional interventions and services. Adversarial adjudication has had many critics over the years. Asking a judge to weigh the parent (or student’s) preferred options under the U.S. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA] against those of the school administration may not be the optimal method for designating a pupil’s educational program—nor a good use of time and money.  The author’s blueprint calls for replacing the IDEA due process hearing with another model in instances where the family and school authorities disagree about the components of a student’s instructional program. Under current law, the hearing is typically conducted by an administrative jurist in which the parties present evidence, expert testimony and argument, if they have been unable to resolve their disagreement at a school-based team meeting, mediation or some other informal conference. In the proposal presented here, disagreements would instead be reviewed by a “special master” whose expertise is in education or disability rather than law. Through a process of problem-solving or “active adjudication,” the master (or “independent educational reviewer”) would attempt to quickly resolve the dispute over appropriate placement, instructional strategies and/or services. The master could hold a conference, conduct a hearing or brief investigation, receive more documents, consult with experts or correspond in some other mode with the parties. The master’s determination would be subject to judicial review in limited circumstances. Dans le présent essai, Stephen Rosenbaum, avocat et universitaire spécialisé en matière d’éducation et de la situation de handicap, s’inspire en partie de l’approche inquisitoire suivie au Canada et au Commonwealth pour proposer une modification radicale du processus contradictoire qu’utilisent les instances administratives américaines pour résoudre les différends opposant les éducateurs et les élèves avec les incapacités intellectuelles ou psycho-sociales. Habituellement, le différend porte sur la question de savoir si les élèves, appelés « les enfants en difficulté » dans le Canada francophone, reçoivent un éventail approprié de services d’aide et d’intervention en matière d’éducation. Le processus contradictoire a été décrié à maintes reprises au fil des années. Demander au juge de soupeser les options que privilégient les parents (ou les élèves) en application de la loi des États-Unis intitulée Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA] par rapport à celles de l’administration scolaire n’est peut-être pas la meilleure façon de procéder pour élaborer le programme d’éducation d’un élève, et ne représente pas non plus une bonne utilisation des ressources.L’auteur propose de remplacer l’audience équitable prévue par l’IDEA par un autre processus dans les cas où la famille et les autorités scolaires ne s’entendent pas sur le contenu du programme d’éducation d’un élève. Selon la loi actuellement en vigueur, l’audience est habituellement conduite par un juriste administratif devant lequel les parties présentent des éléments de preuve, des témoignages d’expert et des arguments, si elles ont été incapables de régler leur différend lors d’une rencontre, d’une séance de médiation ou d’une autre conférence informelle avec une équipe pluridisciplinaire de l’école. Dans le modèle proposé ici, les désaccords seraient plutôt examinés par un « special master » (conseiller spécial) qui serait spécialisé en matière d’éducation ou de la situation de handicap plutôt qu’en droit. Dans le cadre d’un processus axé sur la résolution de problèmes ou sur l’« arbitrage actif », le conseiller (ou l’« examinateur pédagogique indépendant ») s’efforcerait de régler rapidement le différend au sujet du placement ou des services ou stratégies pédagogiques qui conviennent. Le conseiller pourrait tenir une conférence, conduire une audience ou une brève enquête, recevoir d’autres documents, consulter des experts ou correspondre d’une autre manière avec les parties. La décision du conseiller serait susceptible de contrôle judiciaire dans des circonstances restreintes.

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Julie Underwood

Since a 1997 amendment to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, students with disabilities who attend private schools have not had the same rights to services and due process that are afforded to those who attend public schools. However, as a recent Minnesota court decision makes clear, state law may grant rights that the federal regulations do not.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Tomoe Kanaya

One of the stated purposes of this Special Issue is to “discuss when and why intelligence has disappeared” in education. In this paper, I argue that intelligence is still heavily involved in public education in the United States due to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Moreover, due to several factors, including high-profile court cases, intelligence tests are legally used in an inconsistent manner in special education decision-making throughout the U.S. These cases illustrate the complex issues surrounding the psychometric properties of intelligence tests, historical conflicts surrounding racial equity, differences in federal versus state policies, and methodological concerns surrounding special education policies are discussed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice-Ann Darrow ◽  
Mary S. Adamek

A number of initiatives in special education have occurred in the United States over the years, some mandated by amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Having a working knowledge of these initiatives allows music educators to have informed discussions with colleagues and parents and participate more fully in Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings. Adopting special education practices that are appropriate to music education can also promote consistent and coordinated efforts on behalf of students with disabilities. This article includes summaries of current practices and initiatives in special education. For music educators who would like a basic understanding of their colleagues’ discipline, these summaries offer useful information that can facilitate the inclusion of students with disabilities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Aimee Massafra ◽  
Tracy Gershwin ◽  
Katrine Gosselin

Over the past two decades, the paraprofessional role has expanded to include a variety of support roles in both general and special education. Although the most recent 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) addressed the necessity of paraprofessional preparation, training, and supervision, the field of education continues to struggle with incorporating these necessary components. In this article, we summarize current policies and standards, both state and federal, for training paraprofessionals in special education. Next, we provide possible recommendations for policy, practice, and future research to ensure the preparation of paraprofessionals and ultimately, the success of students who have disabilities.


1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-542
Author(s):  
Nicole Suchey ◽  
Dixie Snow Huefner

IDEA complaint managers in 35 states responded to a survey asking how their state interprets and implements the state complaint procedure under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Although complaints increased as a percent of the special education population during the years surveyed, most respondents believed that neither educator nor parental awareness of the complaint procedure had increased since its reinsertion in the 1992 IDEA regulations. Although respondents preferred mediation over other dispute resolution options, nonetheless, a majority concluded that the complaint procedure had reduced the number of due process hearings in their state. Although continuing study of the efficacy of the state complaint procedure is needed, greater awareness of its utility should be fostered.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Vaughn Bicehouse ◽  
Jean Faieta

Special education, a discipline that aims to provide specialized instruction to meet the unique needs of each child with a disability, has turned 40 years old in the United States. Ever since the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142) in 1975, every state has been directed to provide a free and appropriate education for all students with disabilities (Gallagher, 2000; Rothstein, 1995). The focus of this paper is to revisit the foundations of the special education movement in the United States to show how special education has progressed since 1975. The current Race to the Top movement impacts school districts across the nation, creating great concern about what this means for students with disabilities and how it affects their struggle to succeed within the public school domain. In fact, after 40 years, (P.L. 94-142) known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA, is the current high stakes standards and assessment climate taking the “special” out of special education? 


2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Roberta Kreb

Abstract The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) provides a framework for ensuring students receiving special education and related services receive a free and appropriate education. When provision of that education is called into question, speech-language pathologists may find themselves involved in a due process hearing. By maintaining solid documentation of services provided and being clear communicators, speech-language pathologists will be prepared for a due process hearing.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Kramarczuk Voulgarides ◽  
Edward Fergus ◽  
Kathleen A. King Thorius

In the review, we examine what is known about disproportionality with the intention of informing the direction of policy and practice remedies. We outline the definition, contours, and characteristics of disproportionality and examine some of the prevailing explanations as to why the issue persists. We then pivot the review to consider how policy, through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), has sought to address disproportionality in special education and disciplining of students with disabilities. We question why a legally sound civil rights law like IDEA has been unable to abate disproportionality for nearly 40 years. We then turn our attention to review interventions embedded in IDEA that have been recommended to address disproportionality and question why they have not improved outcomes for “nondominant” students in special education. We conclude with some recommendations for disrupting disproportionality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Julie Underwood

Schools must have rules and procedures in place for disciplining all students, but for students with special needs, there are special considerations. Students with disabilities receive special protections under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. When determining whether and how to discipline students, schools must consider whether the behavior is caused by the disability. If students are eligible for services under IDEA, schools must also consider whether the consequences, such as suspension, could constitute a change in the student’s special education placement. In this Under the Law column, Julie Underwood describes the current laws related to disciplining students with disabilities and shares some example cases.


2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110231
Author(s):  
Susan Larson Etscheidt ◽  
Stephanie L. Schmitz ◽  
Andi M. Edmister

Family and professional collaboration is beneficial to students, families, and educators. The importance of such collaboration was recognized for families of students with disabilities, resulting in provisions in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which ensure parental participation in educational planning. Despite the benefits of family and professional collaboration and IDEA mandate, many parents disagree with the educational planning decisions provided to their children and request due process hearings. Parents perceive a lack of opportunity to provide input and/or to disagree with schools’ perspectives. Parents of early childhood students report significant concerns about their child’s readiness for the transition to kindergarten and their limited role in transition planning as their children prepared to enter preschool programs. The purpose of this article was to examine the issues identified in parental complaints in early childhood special education (ECSE) through a qualitative content analysis of recent court cases. The results revealed six themes related to current issues in ECSE programs. We conclude with several recommendations for state policy makers to improve services in ECSE based on the DEC Recommended Practices.


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