On the Interplay Between Morphological, Neural, and Environmental Dynamics: A Robotic Case Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 223-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Lungarella ◽  
Luc Berthouze
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Efficient Exploration ◽  
World Environment ◽  
Different Time Scales

The robust and adaptive behavior exhibited by natural organisms is the result of a complex interaction between various plastic mechanisms acting at different time scales. So far, researchers have concentrated on one or another of these mechanisms, but little has been done toward integrating them into a unified framework and studying the result of their interplay in a real-world environment. In this article, we present experiments with a small humanoid robot that learns to swing. They illustrate that the exploitation of neural plasticity, entrainment to physical dynamics, and body growth (where each mechanism has a specific time scale) leads to a more efficient exploration of the sensorimotor space and eventually to a more adaptive behavior. Such a result is consistent with observations in developmental psychology.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Group exercises aimed at poor body posture correction assisted by humanoid robot - A case study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mikov ◽  
Dragana Vukliš ◽  
Branislav Borovac ◽  
Milan Gnjatović ◽  
Jovica Tasevski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Body Posture

scholarly journals From Co-Actionality to Extended Intersubjectivity: Drawing on Language Change and Ontogenetic Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio TANTUCCI
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
First Language ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Behavioural Profile

Abstract This article combines research results centred on theory of mind (ToM) from cognitive and developmental psychology (Goldman 2006; Apperly 2010; Wilkinson and Ball 2012) with the notion of intersubjectivity in usage-based linguistics (i.a. Verhagen 2005; Nuyts 2012; Traugott 2012). It identifies some of the controversies in the literature from both domains and suggests the desiderata for a hybrid approach to intersubjectivity, which is distinctively designed to tackle applied research in social and cognitive sciences. This model is based on a mismatch between interaction as mere ‘co-action’ vs. interaction as spontaneously communicated awareness of an(other) mind(s). It provides a case study centred on the first language acquisition of pre-nominal usage of this/that and such. From, respectively, a distinctive collexeme (Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004) and behavioural profile analysis (Gries 2010) will emerge that beyond expressions of joint attention, children’s ToM ability progressively underpins ‘ad-hoc’ generalized instantiations based on extended intersubjectivity, viz. the socio-cognitive skill to problematize what a general persona would act, feel, or think in a specific context.

scholarly journals Using automation to combat the replication crisis: A case study from controlled-rearing studies of newborn chicks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Wood ◽  
Justin Wood
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Experimenter Bias ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Reduce Measurement Error ◽  
Controlled Rearing ◽  
Noisy Measurements

The accuracy of science depends on the precision of its methods. When fields produce precise measurements, the scientific method can generate remarkable gains in knowledge. When fields produce noisy measurements, however, the scientific method is not guaranteed to work—in fact, noisy measurements are now regarded as a leading cause of the replication crisis in psychology. Scientists should therefore strive to improve the precision of their methods, especially in fields with noisy measurements. Here, we show that automation can reduce measurement error by ~60% in one domain of developmental psychology: controlled-rearing studies of newborn chicks. Automated studies produce measurements that are 3-4 times more precise than non-automated studies and produce effect sizes that are 3-4 times larger than non-automated studies. Automation also eliminates experimenter bias and allows replications to be performed quickly and easily. We suggest that automation can be a powerful tool for improving measurement precision, producing high powered experiments, and combating the replication crisis.

scholarly journals First Love: A Case Study in Quantitative Appropriation of Social Concepts

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diederik Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Ethnographic Data

Peer love is a highly invested autobiographical marker, and its scientific ascent can be studied in terms of its literature’s motives, stated objectives, exclusions, and delimitations. In this article an overview of numeric and selected ethnographic data on the timing of “first love” is presented, to inform an assessment of the ontological underpinnings of milestone research common to quantitative sociology and developmental psychology. Complicating scientific normalization of love’s initiatory connotation, selected ethnographic observations on the timing and notion of early/first love in non-Western societies are presented. These observations facilitate a critique of love as a heterosocial, propaedeutic event, and hence, as scientifically accessible and befitting the routines and metaphors of biomedical “milestone monitoring.”

scholarly journals OntCheck: An Ontology-Driven Static Correctness Checking Tool for Component-Based Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Lin ◽  
Hehua Zhang ◽  
Ming Gu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Description Logic ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Correctness Checking ◽  
Static Checking

Component-based models are widely used for embedded systems. The models consist of components with input and output ports linked to each other. However, mismatched links or assumptions among components may cause many failures, especially for large scale models. Binding semantic knowledge into models can enable domain-specific checking and help expose modeling errors in the early stage. Ontology is known as the formalization of semantic knowledge. In this paper we propose an ontology-driven tool for static correctness checking of domain-specific errors. two kinds of important static checking, semantic type and domain-restrcted rules, are fulfilled in a unified framework. We first propose a formal way to precisely describe the checking requirements by ontology and then separately check them by a lattice-based constraint solver and a description logic reasoner. Compared with other static checking methods, the ontology-based method we proposed is model-externally configurable and thus flexible and adaptable to the changes of requirements. The case study demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.

Autobiography, Developmental Theory, and Teacher Education

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
William New
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
Adolescent Conflict ◽  
Identity Achievement ◽  
Instrumental Approaches

Abstract Instrumental approaches to teaching human development ask students to learn about children at different ages and stages so as to plan appropriate instruction. An alternative approach stresses the connections between psychological theories of growth and the life experiences of the students themselves, with the goals of increasing intrapersonal awareness and identity achievement. In one such course, students wrote autobiographical texts, interviewed each other, and wrote essays on their texts and "official" texts in human development. This case study focuses on the narratives of one woman, who used Erikson's psychosocial theories to analyze her stories of adolescent conflict and school difficulties. (Developmental Psychology-Education)

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