Using Memory for Pain in Analgesic Research

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Babul ◽  
Andrew C. Darke ◽  
Donald H. Johnson ◽  
Karen Charron-Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Maximum Minimum

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of pain intensity recall at 24 and 48 hours as a substitute for hourly pain assessments in repeated-dose analgesic studies. SETTING: Orthopedic unit of an acute care teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-four patients undergoing arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, using the patellar tendon, who were participating in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group analgesic study. INTERVENTIONS: Patients rated their pain intensity every hour (while awake) for 48 hours and their recall of worst, least, and usual pain intensity at 24 and 48 hours using a visual analog scale (VAS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: This study examined the relationship between recall of worst, least, and usual pain intensity at 24 and 48 hours and the experienced maximum, minimum, and mean pain intensity VAS scores obtained from hourly assessments over the 0–24- and 0–48-hour periods, respectively. The significance of differences between recalled and experienced pain intensity variables was assessed. RESULTS: Worst, least, and usual pain recall at 24 and 48 hours were highly correlated with experienced maximum, minimum, and mean pain from hourly reports, respectively, over the 0–24- and 0–48-hour periods (Pearson correlation coefficients, r=0.80–0.89, p<0.0001). Among the three pain recall variables, usual pain showed the highest correlation with hourly measurements. There were no significant differences between recalled pain and the corresponding measures of pain from the hourly VAS scores, except in the case of 48-hour recall of worst pain (Student's t-test, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The close agreement between actual pain experience and recall of pain provides support for the use of pain recall in assessing analgesic efficacy in clinical trials.

Correlation of Physician-Assessed Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Scores With Patient-Reported Psoriasis Symptoms and Signs Diary Scores Among Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Results From VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2 Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Gordon ◽  
Chenglong Han ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Yin You ◽  
Michael Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Free Status

Background: Patient-reported and clinician-determined outcomes do not always correlate in clinical trials for psoriasis, even among those with clear skin. Objective: To compare clinical responses with patient-reported outcomes among patients with psoriasis enrolled in 2 phase 3, double-blind, controlled trials of guselkumab (VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2). Methods: Overall, 1432 patients randomized to guselkumab, placebo, or adalimumab at baseline were included in the pooled patient population; measures were assessed at baseline and week 16. End points included proportions of patients achieving 100% improvement in their Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 100) score and summary scores = 0 on the Psoriasis Symptoms and Signs Diary (PSSD). Proportions of patients with PSSD symptom/sign summary scores = 0 and mean PSSD summary scores were summarized by PASI 100 status. Association between PASI and PSSD scores were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Among week-16 PASI 100 responders, 46.8% and 34.1% reported PSSD symptom and sign summary scores = 0, respectively, and 30.9% and 49.0% reported minimal symptoms/signs (scores = 1 to <10), respectively; mean scores (scale 0-100) were 6.4 for symptoms and 5.8 for signs. Among PASI 100 nonresponders, only 11.1% (symptoms) and 7.5% (signs) reported PSSD summary scores = 0; mean scores were 25.7 and 26.7, respectively. Correlation coefficients between overall PASI response and PSSD scores were 0.63 (symptoms) and 0.68 (signs; both P < .0001). Conclusion: While PASI and PSSD scores were highly correlated and most PASI 100 responders reported no/minimal symptoms or signs at week 16, substantial discrepancies were found between complete clearance from the clinician’s view versus symptom/sign-free status from patients’ perspectives.

scholarly journals Comparing 2% lidocaine gel (Dispogel and Cathejell) in cystoscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 4225-4229
Author(s):  
Muharrem Ucar ◽  
Fatih Oguz ◽  
Ilhan Gecit ◽  
Mustafa Said Aydogan
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Lidocaine Gel ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Urologic Procedure ◽  
Observation Period

Objective Cystoscopy is a common urologic procedure. Analgesics are often used to reduce any pain associated with this procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy in reducing pain and the cost-effectiveness of two forms of lidocaine gel in patients undergoing cystoscopy. Methods In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 77 male patients who were referred for double J removal, urethral dilatation, or cystoscopy were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: Dispogel and Cathejell. All patients received 20 mL of intraurethral lidocaine gel 2% and cystoscopy was performed 5 minutes thereafter. The primary outcome was the pain score (visual analogue scale, VAS) during and 5 minutes after cystoscopy. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the VAS scores, blood pressure, and pulse rate in the groups in either observation period. No patient required additional anesthetic agents or sedatives for insufficient pain relief. Conclusion The results of this study show that the analgesic efficacy of Dispogel and Cathejell in the treatment of pain during and after elective cystoscopy was the same, but Dispogel was more cost-effective.

scholarly journals Influence of oceanic-atmospheric interactions on extreme events of daily rainfall in the Sub-basin 39 located in Northeastern Brazil

RBRH ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Hipólito Paiva de Britto Salgueiro ◽  
Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro ◽  
Eber José de Andrade Pinto ◽  
Bernardo Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Werônica Meira de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Atmospheric Systems ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Changes in extreme precipitation have been observed in regions where frequent rainfalls occur over short periods of time followed by prolonged droughts, creating, as a result, new watershed scenarios. Recent studies have attributed such occurrences to possible climate changes. This paper analyzes the correlation between extreme events recorded in the Sub-basin 39, located in Northeastern Brazil, and the anomalies caused by sea surface temperature - SST and the atmospheric systems operating in the region. Pearson correlation coefficients have been used combined with the variables analyzed. For such, trends in precipitation have been obtained by using the method of least squares together with linear regression and the Student's t test. The results obtained have demonstrated that due to the geographical position of the region investigated, both maximum extreme events (areas with positive trends) and minimum extreme events (areas with negative trends) are more dependent on the Dipole Atlantic than on the effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation - ENOS.

Randomized, Double-blind Study of the Analgesic Efficacy of Morphine-6-Glucuronide versus  Morphine Sulfate for Postoperative Pain in Major Surgery

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdi H. Hanna ◽  
Kate M. Elliott ◽  
Michelle Fung
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Morphine Sulfate ◽  
Dose Finding ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Morphine Group ◽  
Double Blind

Background Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) has promising preclinical characteristics and encouraging pharmacokinetic features for acute nociceptive pain. Early studies have produced a good safety profile when compared to morphine sulfate, although in surrogate pain models studies, a mixed picture emerged. A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile in a clinical setting was designed. Methods The authors conducted a double-blind, randomized, dose-finding study of patients scheduled to undergo major joint replacement. One hundred patients of both sexes were included, with 50 patients in each group. A loading dose of 10 mg of study medication was given intravenously at induction of anesthesia, and two further doses were allowed during surgery if required. Bolus doses via a patient-controlled analgesia system were given subcutaneously at 2 mg/dose and set at a 10-min lockout. Assessments of pain intensity and relief were recorded during the 24-h period. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments for 24-h mean pain intensity. However, pain intensity was significantly higher in the M6G group than in the morphine group at 30 min and 1 h. There was no statistical difference in 24-h mean pain relief or retrospective pain scores at any time point during the 24-h period. The severity of sedation was significantly greater in the morphine group than in the M6G group at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 24 h. Respiratory depression was greater in the morphine group than in the M6G group, and more patients in the morphine group withdrew from the study because of respiratory depression. Conclusions Overall, M6G has an analgesic effect similar to that of morphine over the first 24 h postoperatively. However, M6G may be slower onset initially than morphine; therefore, a larger initial dose may be required.

scholarly journals Association of Acute Postoperative Pain and Cigarette Smoking With Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Beta-Endorphin and Substance P

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Qingshuang Mu ◽  
Ligang Shan ◽  
Yimin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Vas Scores

Objectives: Cigarette smoking is associated with postoperative pain perception, which might be mediated by beta-endorphin and substance P. These effects on postoperative pain perception have never been investigated in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which reflects biochemical alterations in the brain. Therefore, we investigated the associations among cigarette smoking, postoperative pain, and levels of beta-endorphin and substance P in human CSF.Methods: We recruited 160 Chinese men (80 active smokers and 80 nonsmokers) who underwent lumbar puncture before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and 5-ml CSF samples were collected. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores, post-anesthetic recovery duration (PARD), and smoking variables were obtained. CSF levels of beta-endorphin and substance P were measured.Results: Compared to non-smokers, active smokers had significantly higher pain VAS (2.40 ± 0.67 vs. 1.70 ± 0.86, p &lt; 0.001) and PARD scores (9.13 ± 2.11 vs. 7.27 ± 1.35, p = 0.001), lower CSF beta-endorphin (33.76 ± 1.77 vs. 35.66 ± 2.20, p = 0.001) and higher CSF substance P (2,124.46 ± 217.34 vs. 1,817.65 ± 302.14, p &lt; 0.001) levels. Pain VAS scores correlated with PARD in active smokers (r = 0.443, p = 0.001).Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is associated with increased postoperative pain intensity, shown by delayed pain perception, higher pain VAS scores, and lower beta-endorphin and higher substance P levels in the CSF of active smokers. The more extended postoperative pain perception is delayed, the more pain intensity increases.

scholarly journals Estimates of Marketable Yield in Asparagus using Fern Vigor Index and a Minimum Number of Daily Harvest Records

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Wolyn
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Labor Requirements

Fern vigor indices and estimates of percent marketable yield (PMY) were used to determine alternative measures of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) marketable yield. Total yield was highly correlated (0.75 ≤ r ≤ 0.91), and marketable yield was not correlated with fern vigor indices. The products of fern vigor indices and seasonal PMYs were highly predictive of marketable yield (r 20.95). When the products of each daily PMY estimate and fern vigor index for the same season were determined, then averaged over years, <30% of correlations with marketable yield were ≥0.90, and r values varied considerably during the season. The products, averaged for 2 years, of fern vigor index and mean PMY estimated from combinations of three harvest dates during the season, except from the first harvest week, were associated with marketable yield. For the 40 3-day average estimates of PMY examined, 95% of Pearson correlation coefficients were ≥0.90 and all were ≥0.88. Thus, fern vigor index and PMY estimates from three harvest dates may be used to predict temperate zone marketable yield, decreasing labor requirements for yield trials, and facilitating evaluation of many experimental hybrids.

scholarly journals The Gracilis-Semitendinosus Indeks

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 2325967117S0007
Author(s):  
Gokhan Bulent Sever ◽  
Aydin Budeyri ◽  
Mehmet Cenk Cankus ◽  
Levent Bostanci
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hamstring Tendon ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Demographical Data

Aim: According to the ethnic demographical backgrounds, gracilis(G), and semitendinosus(ST) tendon antropometric properties may vary among the individuals of Turkish and active sporter patient populations. In this study, aimed was to define the G and ST tendon proportional anatomical corellations intraoperatively prior to graft harvesting that are uniquely specific to the Turkish ethnicity. Materials-Methods: The study was begun with 50 active sporting patients who were undergone arthroscopic graft anterior cruciate ligament hamstring tendon reconstruction(aACLHTR) in 2013-2014 at our institution. 15 patients were excluded due to premature graft ruptures, and not meeting the minimum of 4hrs/w active sporting criteria. This retrospective cohort was conducted with a total of 35 knees. Inclusion criteria were; Turkish ethnicity, having been undergone aACLHTR between 2013-2014, having been at an age of 16-50 years, having eligible intraoperative antropometric records, having consistent postoperative follow-ups, having been diagnosed to have complete ACL tear, having no ipsilateral/contralateral, congenital/acquired limb deformities or trauma, surgery or lymphedema history. Exclusion criteria were unwillingness to give written consent, having been a premature graft rupture during harvesting, having insufficient data recordings to meet the eligibility criteria. All the surgeries were performed by one senior surgeon who was blind to the study. All the demographical data, and measurements were recorded by a research assistant who was blind to the study. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to detect linear relationship between numerical variables. Beta coefficients were estimated by univariate linear regression analysis. All analysis were performed by using SPSS for windows version 22.0 considering the P<0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Mean age 29.9±8.3, Female/Male ratio %8.6/91.4, Right/Left ratio %68.6/31.4, Mean BMI 27.2±4.5, Mean limb length 87.8±6.4 Mean ST length 26.8±2.1, Mean G length 24.06±2.2, Mean ST thickness 6mm±0.9, Mean G thickness 4.5±0.8. ST-G thickness, and ST-G length correlations were r=0.754, p=0.001, r=0.614, p=0.001 respectively. Univariate linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant relationships; 56.8% of variation in G thickness was explained by ST. 1 mm increase in ST thickness resulted in 0.68 mm increase in G thickness, and 37.7% of variation in G length was explained by ST. 1 mm increase in ST length resulted in 0.68 mm increase in G length. Conclusions: With the ST-G index, surgeons would be intraoperatively able to template aACLHTR with a more durable, and adequate planning of hamstring graft construct combination unique to sporters’ demographic specifics, and to sports’ biomechanical specifics. Thus, the possiblity of antropometrically inadequate graft combinations would be precautioned. [Figure: see text]

The Influence of Diet Type on Ranking for Feed Intake in Angus Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
Amanda Holder ◽  
James Rogers ◽  
Ryon Walker ◽  
Paul Beck
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Diet Type

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of diet type on feed intake in mature Angus cows. Forty-eight gestating Angus cows (708 ± 52 kg; 7 ± 0.75 years old) were assigned to one of four drylot pens based on their genomic score for residual feed intake (“High” RFI, 7.3 ± 0.5, “Low” RFI, 5.5 ± 0.7). Each pen contained an automatic waterer as well as four GrowSafe individual feed intake units. During the first period, two of the four pens were assigned to a processed hay diet (10.0% CP, 1.98 Mcal ME/kg DM) while the other two pens consumed a mixed ration consisting of 43.0% hay, 33.0% corn, 13.0% soybean hulls, and 11.0% liquid supplement, DM basis (11.7% CP, DM basis and 2.43 Mcal ME/kg DM). Following a 14-day adaptation period, feed intake was recorded for 45 days. Subsequently, diet type was switched and followed by 14 days of adaptation to the new diet and 45 days of feed intake measurement. Data were analyzed as a crossover study using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS v9.4. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined between phenotypic traits and genomic score. Feed intake was highly correlated (r = 0.75) among the two diet types. In comparison, average daily gain (ADG) was negatively correlated (r = -0.37) among the two diet types. No differences were observed in DMI or performance for cows ranked “high” or “low” based on genomic score. More research is required to determine if selection for increased weight gain when consuming a high-quality mixed ration could be detrimental to cattle performance consuming moderate to low-quality forage.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Pre-emptive Analgesic Efficacy of Aceclofenac and Piroxicam for Post-Operative Pain Management after third Molar Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6188-6195
Author(s):  
Jones Jayabalan ◽  
Muthusekhar M R ◽  
Senthil Murugan P
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Third Molar Surgery ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Significant Difference

The study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of 100 mg and 20 mg as a analgesic for preventing post-operative pain after third molar surgery. Fifty patients with impacted mandibular third molars who required surgical removal were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups randomly. One group consisted of patients receiving 100 mg as a analgesic, and the other group consisted of patients receiving 20 mg as a analgesic 1 hour before the procedure. The study findings show both the drugs were equally effective in managing post-operative pain following third molar surgery. On statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in pain experience among both groups A and B in post-operative period who underwent surgery. However, the study observes a highly significant difference in both the groups in terms of pain intensity scores at different times. Results show that there was a significant difference before, 3rd day and 5th day; Further study shows that the effectiveness of the drug was not confirmed in 24 hours to 3 days. It was observed both the groups shows a significant difference in on the 5thand 3rd day. This comparative research of pain intensity shows after analgesia with and in of third molars, a pronounced effect in the group treated with 20mg was seen. Still, there was no statistically significant difference noted in VAS before and 5th day of both groups.

scholarly journals The subjective knee value is a valid single-item survey to assess knee function in common knee disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Plachel ◽  
Tobias Jung ◽  
Benjamin Bartek ◽  
Katja Rüttershoff ◽  
Carsten Perka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
International Knee Documentation Committee ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Knee Function ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Knee Disorders

Abstract Introduction The patient’s perspective plays a key role in judging the effect of knee disorders on physical function. We have introduced the Subjective Knee Value (SKV) to simplify the evaluation of individual’s knee function by providing one simple question. The purpose of this prospective study was to validate the SKV with accepted multiple-item knee surveys across patients with orthopaedic knee disorders. Materials and methods Between January through March 2020, consecutive patients (n = 160; mean age 51 ± 18 years, range from 18 to 85 years, 54% women) attending the outpatient clinic for knee complaints caused by osteoarthritis (n = 69), meniscal lesion (n = 45), tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (n = 23) and focal chondral defect (n = 23) were invited to complete a knee-specific survey including the SKV along with the Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form (IKDC-S). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate external validity between the SKV and each patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) separately. Furthermore, patient’s compliance was assessed by comparing responding rates. Results Overall, the SKV highly correlated with both the KOOS (R = 0.758, p < 0.05) and the IKDC-S (R = 0.802, p < 0.05). This was also demonstrated across all investigated diagnosis- and demographic-specific (gender, age) subgroups (range 0.509–0.936). No relevant floor/ceiling effects were noticed. The responding rate for the SKV (96%) was significantly higher when compared with those for the KOOS (81%) and the IKDC-S (83%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion At baseline, the SKV exhibits acceptable validity across all investigated knee-specific PROMs in a broad patient population with a wide array of knee disorders. The simplified survey format without compromising the precision to evaluate individual’s knee function justifies implementation in daily clinical practice. Level of evidence II, cohort study (diagnosis).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document