An Assessment of the Impact of Just Culture on Quality and Safety in US Hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc T. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Patient Safety Culture ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Just Culture ◽  
Hospital Compare ◽  
The Impact

In pursuit of high reliability, numerous organizations have promoted Just Culture, but its impact has never been assessed. This report combines data from a longitudinal survey–based study of clinical peer review practices in a cohort of 457 acute care hospitals with 43 measures from the Hospital Compare database and interprets them in relation to the long-term trends of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) data on the Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture. In all, 211 of 270 respondents (79%) indicated that their hospital has adopted Just Culture. More than half believe that it has had a positive impact. Just Culture implementation and its degree of impact are associated with somewhat better peer review process, but not with objective measures of hospital performance. Non-Punitive Response to Error has consistently been the lowest scoring category (45% positive) in the AHRQ database. Widespread adoption of Just Culture has not reduced reluctance to report or the culture of blame it targets.

scholarly journals High adoption rates in a new preprint service from Springer Nature and Research Square

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Pattinson
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Manuscript Reviewer ◽  
Peer Reviewers ◽  
Gates Foundation

In recent years, funders have increased their support for early sharing of biomedical research through the use of preprints. For most, such as the COAlitionS group of funders (ASAPbio 2019) and the Gates foundation, this takes the form of active encouragement, while for others, it is mandated. But despite these motivations, few authors are routinely depositing their work as a preprint before submitting to a journal. Some journals have started offering authors the option of posting their work early at the point at which it is submitted for review. These include PLOS, who offer a link to BiorXiv, the Cell journals, who offer SSRN posting through ‘Sneak Peak’, and Nature Communications, who offer posting to any preprint and a link from the journal page called ‘Under Consideration’. Uptake has ranged from 3% for the Nature pilot, to 18% for PLOS (The Official Plos Blog 2018). In order to encourage more researchers to post their work early, we have been offering authors who submit to BMC Series titles the opportunity to post their work as a preprint on Research Square, a new platform that lets authors share and improve their research. To encourage participation, authors are offered a greater amount of control and transparency over the peer review process if they opt in. First, they are given a detailed peer review timeline which updates in real time every time an event occurs on their manuscript (reviewer invited, reviewer accepts etc). Second, they are encouraged to share their preprint with colleagues, who are able to post comments on the paper. These comments are sent to the editor when they are making their decision. Third, authors can suggest potential peer reviewers, recommendations which are also passed onto the editor to vet and invite. Together, these incentives have had a positive impact on authors choosing to post a preprint. Among the journals that offer this service, the average opt-in rate is 40%. This translates to over 3,000 manuscripts (as of July 2019) that have been posted to Research Square since the launch of the service in October 2018. In this talk I will demonstrate the functionality of Research Square, and provide demographic and discipline data on which areas are most and least likely to post.

scholarly journals Palliation or Prolongation? The Impact of a Peer-Review Intervention on Shortening Radiotherapy Schedules for Bone Metastases

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e513-e516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary V. Walker ◽  
Shervin M. Shirvani ◽  
Yerko Borghero ◽  
Matthew D. Callister ◽  
Daniel D. Chamberlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Palliative Treatment ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fractionation Schedules

Purpose: Shorter fractionation radiation regimens for palliation of bone metastases result in lower financial and social costs for patients and their caregivers and have similar efficacy as longer fractionation schedules, although practice patterns in the United States show poor adoption. We investigated whether prospective peer review can increase use of shorter fractionation schedules. Methods: In June 2016, our practice mandated peer review of total dose and fractionation for all patients receiving palliative treatment during our weekly chart rounds. We used descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test to compare lengths of treatment of uncomplicated bone metastases before and after implementation of the peer review process. Results: Between July 2015 and December 2016, a total of 242 palliative treatment courses were delivered, including 105 courses before the peer review intervention and 137 after the intervention. We observed greater adoption of shorter fractionation regimens after the intervention. The use of 8 Gy in one fraction increased from 2.8% to 13.9% of cases postadoption. Likewise, the use of 20 Gy in five fractions increased from 25.7% to 32.8%. The use of 30 Gy in 10 fractions decreased from 55.2% to 47.4% ( P = .002), and the use of ≥ 11 fractions decreased from 16.2% before the intervention to 5.8% after ( P = .006). Conclusion: Prospective peer review of palliative regimens for bone metastases can lead to greater adoption of shorter palliative fractionation schedules in daily practice, in accordance with national guidelines. This simple intervention may therefore benefit patients and their caregivers as well as provide value to the health care system.

scholarly journals Mixed Method Study Examines Undergraduate Student Researchers’ Knowledge and Perceptions About Scholarly Communication Practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Melissa Goertzen
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
Student Researchers ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
The Impact

A Review of: Riehle, C. F., & Hensley, M. K. (2017). What do undergraduate students know about scholarly communication?: A mixed methods study. Portal: Libraries and the Academy, 17(1), 145–178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pla.2017.0009 Abstract Objective – To examine undergraduate student researchers’ perception and understanding of scholarly communication practices and issues. Design – Mixed method study involving a survey and semi-structured interviews. Setting – Two major undergraduate universities in the Midwest region of the United States. Subjects – Undergraduate students who participated in or had completed undergraduate research experiences with faculty mentors. Method – The method was first approved by Institutional Review Board offices at both campuses involved in the study. Then, students received invitations to participate in a survey via email (Campus 1 = 221 students; Campus 2 = 345 students). Identical online surveys ran separately on each campus; both remained open for a period of three weeks. All respondents received a reminder email one week before the survey closed. Participants answered twelve questions related to demographics and scholarly communication practices. The survey examined knowledge and experience across five areas: the peer review process, author and publisher rights, publication and access models, impact of research, and data management. All students who completed the survey were entered in a drawing for a $50 Amazon card. The response rates were 34.8% (Campus 1) and 18.6% (Campus 2). Surveys on both campuses were administered using different software: campus 1 utilized Qualtrics survey software while campus 2 used an institution-specific survey software. Data sets were normed and merged later in the study to enable comparison and identify broad themes. Survey respondents were also invited to participate in a 15 to 20 minute follow-up interview and were compensated with a $20 Amazon gift card. The interviews consisted of four open-ended questions that further examined students’ knowledge of scholarly communication practices. The researchers coded interview transcripts and identified themes. Qualitative software was used to analyze the surveys and assess coder agreement. Finally, connections and anomalies between survey and interview results were explored. Main Results – Quantitative and qualitative data collected during the study indicate that students were most confident in their understanding of the peer-review process and data management but felt less confident in their knowledge of author and publisher rights, publication and access models, and determining the impact of scholarly research publication. In addition, they value instruction related to scholarly communication topics like the peer-review process, publication models, and data management. However, few students feel confident in their current level of knowledge or ability surrounding the previously mentioned topics. Study findings suggest that this knowledge gap is based on a lack of training or discussion of scholarly communication topics in relation to students’ research activities. Results also suggest that undergraduate students have difficulty articulating their rights as authors and their scholarly communication practices. In many cases, skill sets like data management are learned through trial and error while students progress through the research process. In some cases, faculty mentors have misperceptions and assumptions about undergraduate students’ knowledge and abilities regarding scholarly communication practices. This can create challenges for undergraduate students as they attempt to make informed decisions about research activities based on a limited foundation of experience or information. Finally, results indicate that undergraduate student researchers do not currently view the library as a place to learn about scholarly communication practices. The authors suggest that by forming strategic relationships with undergraduate research program directors, faculty, and graduate student mentors, librarians are in a prime position to incorporate scholarly communication practices into information literacy sessions or provide point-of-need coaching. Conclusion – The researchers conclude that academic libraries are in a unique position to support overarching research, teaching, and learning goals within the academic community. By developing programs that support information literacy and scholarly communication, libraries demonstrate value and align goals with teaching and learning priorities within the higher education community as a whole. Through this work, librarians support students as knowledge creators and advocate for training that emphasizes data literacy, copyright and authors’ rights, and the impact of research within specific disciplines.

Quantification of the impact of multifaceted improvements in patient safety culture: A case study from academic medical center radiation oncology department.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
Bhishamjit S. Chera ◽  
Lukasz Maszur ◽  
Prithima Mosaly ◽  
Marianne Jackson ◽  
Kinely Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Patient Safety Culture ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

205 Background: We have systematically been incorporating several safety initiatives (based on process-engineering and Lean methodologies) into our academic radiation oncology clinic. We herein quantify the impact of these initiatives on prospectively collected, clinically meaningful metrics. Methods: The data from five quality improvement initiatives are presented. For each, data was collected prospectively: operational metrics recorded before and after implementation of the initiative were compared using descriptive statistics and unpaired student t-test. Each initiative focused on a specific safety/process concern in our clinic. Results: 1) Workload levels for nurses assisting with brachytherapy were too high (NASA task load index scores >55-60, suggesting, “overwork”). Changes in work flow and procedure room layout reduced workload scores to more acceptable limits (<55). 2) The rate of treatment therapists being interrupted was reduced from a mean of 4 (range 1-11) times per patient treatment to a mean < 1 (range 0-3, p<0.001) after implementing standards for electronic communication and placement of monitors informing patients and staff of the treatment machine status (e.g., delayed, on time). 3) The rates of replans by dosimetrists was reduced from 11% in 2010 to 6% in 2011 though a more systematic pre-treatment peer review process. 4) Standardizing nursing/resident functions reduced patient wait times by ≈ 45% (14 min). 5) Standardizing pre-simulation instructions from the physician within the EMR reduced the number of patients experiencing delays on the simulator (from approximatley >50% to <10%). Conclusions: Process engineering and Lean methodologies can be successfully applied in an academic radiation oncology department to yield measurable improvements in operations likely improving quality/safety.

Examining the impact of organizational culture on social capital in a research based organizations

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Ramezan
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Organizations ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of organizational culture (OC) on social capital (SC) between experts of research-based industrial organizations who were aware of the subject of research. Design/methodology/approach The tools in this study were the native and modified questionnaire of Denison OC model with 33 items and Abili’s developed questionnaire based on Nahapiet and Ghoshal model for SC with 24 items. Validity of questionnaire well approved based on face validity method by experts, specialists and professors of management. Using the results of pre-test, Cronbach’s alpha was showed the very high reliability. Because of the low number of experts, we did not sampling and decided to distribute questionnaires among all of them. In all, 120 completely filled questionnaires were returned out of the 134 distributed. For examining the main hypothesis and sub-hypothesis of this study simple linear regression and multiple regression analysis were used. Findings The results of regression analysis showed that regression line ascribes changes in dependent variable (SC) to independent variable (OC). It means that in research-based industrial organizations, OC has a significant positive impact on SC and cultural traits with internal focus have more impact on SC than those with external focus. Then, with the use of parametric tests, the relationship between OC and SC and between components of OC and SC was investigated. Finally, Pearson correlation tests results confirmed the significant relationships. Overall, the results of this study show the significant, positive, strong relationship between OC and SC. Originality/value As there are not many studies about the impact of OC on SC, this paper’s findings will be useful to assess and improve the cultural situation for increasing the SC in organization.

scholarly journals Agility and Safety Performance among Nurses: The Mediating Role of Mindful Organizing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-679
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem ◽  
Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha ◽  
Yuzana Mohd Yusop ◽  
Maheen Iqbal Awan ◽  
Gehad Mohammed Ahmed Naji
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Workforce Agility ◽  
Mindful Organizing ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to assess the impact of workforce agility on private hospital nursing staff’s safety behavior with the mediating role of mindful organizing. This study was cross-sectional. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 369 nursing staff. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to check the internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and hypotheses testing. For mediation analysis, the bootstrapping technique was used. Our findings suggested that workforce agility is the possible predictor of mindful organizing, as all of these dimensions have a positive impact on mindful organizing. Reference to safety performance sub-dimensions, proactivity, adaptability, and resilience had a positive significant impact on (a) safety compliance, and proactivity had a positive impact on (b) safety participation. Further, mindful organizing was also found to be positively associated with safety performance. Evidence for mediation between workforce agility and safety performance was also observed. Proactivity, adaptability, and resilience can enhance safety performance for the nursing staff. Workforce agility can also help the organization to attain mindful organizing, which will help them to achieve operational excellence, whereas in the past, high-reliability organizations were mainly found practicing mindful organizing. This study demonstrated the key impact of workforce agility and mindful organizing on safety behaviors directly and indirectly.

scholarly journals Peer Review: A Tool to Enhance the Quality of Academic Written Productions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Poveda de Brusa ◽  
Liliya Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
English Class ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Higher education focuses on promoting the training of autonomous, critical professionals who adapt to the ever-more demanding labor market. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to rethink teaching practices in order to allow the student to be the main actor and modeler for their learning process. Previous studies based on Vygotsky&rsquo;s sociocultural theory have shown that learning should be treated as a socio-cultural activity. Indeed, according to this approach, individual knowledge is firstly constructed at a social level. Peer review, for its part, is a learning tool based on the sociocultural approach. It allows students to achieve higher levels of autonomy and critical thinking. This research&rsquo;s aim is, on the one hand, to analyze the effect of peer review on the quality of academic essays and, on the other, to examine the way in which linguistic and communicative competence in academic writing are affected. This experimental study was carried out with 68 level B1 + students (32 men and 36 women) in a private university in Ecuador during one academic year. After the statistical analysis, it is concluded that peer review has a positive impact on academic writing. However, the impact is higher in the communicative competence than in the linguistic competence. This result is aligned with previous research, which shows that students tend to prioritize message over form. Future research should investigate peer review&rsquo;s long-term impact upon students and their ability to transfer skills acquired in English class to other subjects, or even to professional contexts.

Benefit of Blogging for Archaeology

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Robert Cargill
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
The Impact

Blogging (or “web logging”) has evolved from online journaling to a multi-million dollar enterprise involving over 100 million blogs worldwide. And while journalists and news organizations have been quick to adopt blogging as a publishing tool, the academy has been slow to adopt the technology as a legitimate scholarly enterprise. This article argues that blogging is the next logical step for independent scholars and researchers who seek to publish their original work, and that universities should begin accepting blogging as a legitimate scholarly endeavor. Specifically, archaeologists should embrace blogging because of its ease of use, decreased time to publication, affordability, ability to publish multiple forms of media, and for the increased exposure publishing online brings to a scholar’s work. The article details the impact of blogging on existing publishing models, the peer-review process, and discusses the numerous benefits of blogging for archaeology.

Analyzing the Impact of Governance of Enterprise IT on Hospital Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Otarkhani ◽  
Sajad Shokouhyar ◽  
Sajad Salehi Pour
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Technology Governance ◽  
Information Technology Governance ◽  
It Managers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

A gap exists in the extant literature on linking information technology governance vis-à-vis hospital performance. Specifically, this work offers insights to fill this gap by adopting the COBIT 5 framework and ISO 38500 standards in examining the relationship between IT governance principles and balanced scorecard (BSC) dimensions of hospital performance. The proposed study investigated the influence of IT governance on Tehran's hospitals' performance. Data were gathered and analyzed from fifty-three (53) questionnaires administered to Health Information Systems (HIS) professionals and IT managers. Results showed that all IT governance dimensions have a positive correlation with hospital performance and IT governance has a significant positive impact on Tehran's hospitals' performance.

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