scholarly journals Product evolutionary design driven by environmental performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Chenxing Zheng ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Haihong Huang ◽  
Qingdi Ke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Quotient Space ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Evolutionary Design ◽  
Space Theory ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Evolutionary Method ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Evolutionary Product

This article is in terms of product environmental performance demand and proposes four structure evolutionary operation modes which include combined evolutionary method, decomposition evolutionary method, replacement evolutionary method, and material-changing evolutionary method to express the structure evolutionary process of products. Through the quotient space theory and proposed method combined with probability statistics, probability mapping from environmental performance to product structure is established and the evolutionary individuals with outstanding environmental performance are listed. Through the analysis to the specific conditions of the evolutionary individuals, the design constraints are extracted, and the objective function of environmental performance is established. This article presents an interactive genetic algorithm as evolutionary algorithm and combines it with four structure evolutionary operation modes to conduct corresponding gene manipulation and generates evolutionary product. Finally, the proposed methodology is successfully applied to engine gear chamber and the environmental impact is found to be better than before evolution.

Fluorine and chlorine in peralkaline liquids and the need for magma generation in an open system

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (312) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Bailey ◽  
R. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Magma Evolution ◽  
Kenya Rift ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Very High ◽  
Better Than

SummaryFluorine, chlorine, zinc, niobium, zirconium, yttrium, and rubidium have been deter-mined on fifteen obsidians from Eburru volcano (Kenya Rift Valley), spanning the range from pantel-leritic trachyte to pantellerite. All pairs of elements show positive correlation coefficients, ranging between 0·769 and 0·998, but with most values better than 0·900. In spite of some very high correlations, only two of the twenty-one best-fit lines pass near the origin of the Cartesian coordinates. Linear distributions are found within two separate groups of elements: F, Zr, Rb; and Cl, Nb, Yt. Zn behaves in general as a member of the second group but seems to be subject to an additional variation. When an element from the fluorine group is plotted against one from the chlorine group the resulting pattern is non-linear. Therefore, although the elements in both groups would generally be considered ‘residual’ (partition coefficients between crystals and liquid approaching zero) there are clearly detectable differences in their variation, and hence their behaviour.Major-element variations in the obsidians are such that a vapour (fluid) phase would be needed to account for any magma evolution. The trace-element patterns are also impossible by closed-system crystal fractionation and suggest that this fluid may have been rich in halogens, with the metallic elements forming preferred ‘complexes’ with either F or Cl. The F-Zr-Rb ‘complex’ also varies quite independently of the important major oxides (e.g. A12O3) in the rocks. In the case of Rb this is but one aspect of a more significant anomaly, in which there is no sign of any influence of alkali feldspar (which partitions Rb) in the variation. This is remarkable because trachytes and rhyolites have normative ab+or > 50 %, and any evolutionary process controlled by crystal ⇋ liquid interactions must be dominated by the melting or crystallization of alkali feldspar. The results on the Eburru obsidians show that if they are an evolutionary series then either, the process was not crystal ⇋ liquid controlled, or that any such process has been overriden (or buffered) by other processes that have superimposed the observed trace-element patterns. In the latter event, the buffering phase may have been a halogen-bearing vapour.The same considerations must apply to other pantellerite provinces where Rb appears to have behaved as a ‘residual’ element.

scholarly journals Cotton and Surgical Masks—What Ecological Factors Are Relevant for Their Sustainability?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10245
Author(s):  
Mélanie Schmutz ◽  
Roland Hischier ◽  
Till Batt ◽  
Peter Wick ◽  
Bernd Nowack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Better Than

With the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing facemasks became common. Many initiatives arose to develop new types of reusable textile masks in order to overcome a shortage of surgical masks for the health care personnel and for the civil society. Having such high demand of facemasks raises the question about what factors define their environmental sustainability. This paper presents a first simplified Life-Cycle-Assessment (LCA) comparing surgical masks and 2-layered cotton masks. The aim of the paper is to identify and understand the relevant ecological factors in order to support decision making on how textile masks could be designed in a more sustainable manner. The results of our simplified LCA show that the cotton masks were performing better than the surgical masks and vice versa depending on the environmental impact that was looked at. It was also found that the lifespan and the weight of the cotton masks are two variables having a great importance for their overall environmental performance.

Low Environmental Impact Machining Processes of Free Cutting Austenitic Stainless Steels without Lead Addition

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1923-1926
Author(s):  
Zhuang Li ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Wei Lv
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Chip Breakage ◽  
Lead Addition ◽  
Better Than

Environmental protection is a growing concern for many industries today. This paper shows manufacturing environmental performance improvement for free cutting steel products. Inclusions have the characteristics of sulfur and bismuth in free cutting austenitic stainless steels without lead addition. Machinable additives lead to improved chip breakage, and thus reduced tool wear. The machinability of free cutting austenitic stainless steels without lead addition is much better than that of conventional austenitic stainless steel. Bismuth can replace lead because lead is a harmful factor for environment and machine operators' health. The reduction of environmentally harmful substances such as lead was performed. A feasible combination of free-cutting additives should yield a stainless steel product with acceptable machining and mechanical properties.

Novel Configurations for Hybrid Transmissions Using a Simple Planetary Gear Train

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huu-Tich Ngo ◽  
Hong-Sen Yan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Planetary Gear Train ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Parallel Hybrid

This paper presents a design approach to systematically synthesize feasible configurations for series-parallel and parallel hybrid transmissions subject to design constraints and required operation modes using a simple planetary gear train (PGT). The configuration synthesis process includes two main steps: 1) assign inputs and output powers to the PGT subject to power constraints by the power arrangement process; and 2) assign clutches and brakes to the obtained systems subject to desired operation modes by the clutch arrangement process. By applying the proposed design approach, nine clutchless and 31 clutched configurations for series-parallel and parallel hybrid systems are synthesized, respectively. For each type of the hybrid systems, we analyzed kinematic and power flow of a new configuration to demonstrate the feasibility of the synthesized systems. The design approach can be used to systematically synthesize future hybrid transmissions with different mechanisms, design constraints, and desired operation modes.

Classification of PolSAR image based on quotient space theory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui An ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Xiaomeng Liu ◽  
Limin Liu ◽  
Shuai Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quotient Space ◽  
Space Theory

scholarly journals Big Archive-Assisted Ensemble of Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Wen Zhong ◽  
Jian Xiong ◽  
Anping Lin ◽  
Lining Xing ◽  
Feilong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Nondominated Solutions ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Better Than

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have witnessed prosperity in solving many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs) over the past three decades. Unfortunately, no one single MOEA equipped with given parameter settings, mating-variation operator, and environmental selection mechanism is suitable for obtaining a set of solutions with excellent convergence and diversity for various types of MaOPs. The reality is that different MOEAs show great differences in handling certain types of MaOPs. Aiming at these characteristics, this paper proposes a flexible ensemble framework, namely, ASES, which is highly scalable for embedding any number of MOEAs to promote their advantages. To alleviate the undesirable phenomenon that some promising solutions are discarded during the evolution process, a big archive that number of contained solutions be far larger than population size is integrated into this ensemble framework to record large-scale nondominated solutions, and also an efficient maintenance strategy is developed to update the archive. Furthermore, the knowledge coming from updating archive is exploited to guide the evolutionary process for different MOEAs, allocating limited computational resources for efficient algorithms. A large number of numerical experimental studies demonstrated superior performance of the proposed ASES. Among 52 test instances, the ASES performs better than all the six baseline algorithms on at least half of the test instances with respect to both metrics hypervolume and inverted generational distance.

scholarly journals Improved Serviceability and Environmental Performance of One-Way Slabs through the Use of Layered Natural and Recycled Aggregate Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10278
Author(s):  
Nikola Tošić ◽  
Snežana Marinković ◽  
Yahya Kurama
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slabs ◽  
Service Load ◽  
Better Than

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), i.e., concrete produced with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) has been heavily investigated recently, and the structural design of RAC is entering into design codes. Nonetheless, the service load deflection behavior of RAC remains a challenge due to its larger shrinkage and creep, and lower modulus of elasticity. A novel solution to this challenge is the use of layered concrete, i.e., casting of horizontal layers of different concretes. To investigate the potential benefits and limits of layered concrete, this study contains a numerical parametric assessment of the time-dependent sustained service load deflections and environmental impacts of homogeneous and layered NAC and RAC one-way slabs. Four types of reinforced concrete slabs were considered: homogeneous slabs with 0%, 50% and 100% of coarse RCA (NAC, RAC50 and RAC100, respectively) and layered L-RAC100 slabs with the bottom and top halves consisting of RAC100 and NAC, respectively. In the deflection study, different statical systems, concrete strength classes and relative humidity conditions were investigated. The results showed that the layered L-RAC100 slabs performed as well as, or even better than, the NAC slabs due to the differential shrinkage between the layers. In terms of environmental performance, evaluated using a “cradle-to-gate” Life Cycle Assessment approach, the L-RAC100 slabs also performed as well as, or slightly better than, the NAC slabs. Therefore, layered NAC and RAC slabs can be a potentially advantageous solution from both structural and environmental perspectives.

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