Consumer Information Potpourri: Instructional and Operational Variability Among Passenger Vehicle Automated Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Wright ◽  
Austin M. Svancara ◽  
William J. Horrey
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Information ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Vehicle Technology

Even owners of the most advanced vehicles often have little understanding of the available in-vehicle technology. Accessible safety-critical information and standard instructional and operational components are potential routes to increase drivers’ knowledge. This article presents a review of information obtained from automobile manufacturers’ websites and operator manuals aimed toward passenger vehicle automated system consumers. This review revealed target areas for researchers, manufacturers, and policy makers to consider. Systems offering comparable functionality varied greatly in their nomenclature, type of feedback provided to drivers, and the accessibility of information about the systems. Also, information pertaining to systems limits was difficult to obtain.

IRISK METHOD FOR SECURITY ESTIMATION OF THE SIMULATION POLYGON FOR THE PROTECTION OF CRITICAL INFORMATION RESOURCES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Korniyenko ◽  
Lilia Galata
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Information System ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Security System ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Information Risk ◽  
Critical Information

In this article, the research of information system protection by ana­ ly­ zing the risks for identifying threats for information security is considered. Information risk analysis is periodically conducted to identify information security threats and test the information security system. Currently, various information risk analysis techni­ ques exist and are being used, the main difference being the quantitative or qualitative risk assessment scales. On the basis of the existing methods of testing and evaluation of the vulnerabilities for the automated system, their advantages and disadvantages, for the possibility of further comparison of the spent resources and the security of the information system, the conclusion was made regarding the deter­ mi­ nation of the optimal method of testing the information security system in the context of the simulated polygon for the protection of critical information resources. A simula­ tion ground for the protection of critical information resources based on GNS3 application software has been developed and implemented. Among the considered methods of testing and risk analysis of the automated system, the optimal iRisk methodology was identified for testing the information security system on the basis of the simulated. The quantitative method Risk for security estimation is considered. Generalized iRisk risk assessment is calculated taking into account the following parameters: Vulnerabili­ ty  — vulnerability assessment, Threat — threat assessment, Control — assessment of security measures. The methodology includes a common CVSS vul­ nerability assessment system, which allows you to use constantly relevant coefficients for the calculation of vulnerabilities, as well as have a list of all major vulnerabilities that are associated with all modern software products that can be used in the automated system. The known software and hardware vulnerabilities of the ground are considered and the resistance of the built network to specific threats by the iRisk method is calculated.

Near-Perfect Automation: Investigating Performance, Trust, and Visual Attention Allocation

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110328
Author(s):  
Cyrus K. Foroughi ◽  
Shannon Devlin ◽  
Richard Pak ◽  
Noelle L. Brown ◽  
Ciara Sibley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Scan Pattern ◽  
Subjective Trust

Objective Assess performance, trust, and visual attention during the monitoring of a near-perfect automated system. Background Research rarely attempts to assess performance, trust, and visual attention in near-perfect automated systems even though they will be relied on in high-stakes environments. Methods Seventy-three participants completed a 40-min supervisory control task where they monitored three search feeds. All search feeds were 100% reliable with the exception of two automation failures: one miss and one false alarm. Eye-tracking and subjective trust data were collected. Results Thirty-four percent of participants correctly identified the automation miss, and 67% correctly identified the automation false alarm. Subjective trust increased when participants did not detect the automation failures and decreased when they did. Participants who detected the false alarm had a more complex scan pattern in the 2 min centered around the automation failure compared with those who did not. Additionally, those who detected the failures had longer dwell times in and transitioned to the center sensor feed significantly more often. Conclusion Not only does this work highlight the limitations of the human when monitoring near-perfect automated systems, it begins to quantify the subjective experience and attentional cost of the human. It further emphasizes the need to (1) reevaluate the role of the operator in future high-stakes environments and (2) understand the human on an individual level and actively design for the given individual when working with near-perfect automated systems. Application Multiple operator-level measures should be collected in real-time in order to monitor an operator’s state and leverage real-time, individualized assistance.

scholarly journals METHOD OF EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL SECURITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATION OF WARRANTY AUTOMATED SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hennadii Hulak
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Systems Of Linear Equations ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

The components of ensuring the warranty of automated systems, which are subject to increased requirements in connection with their use in many sensitive areas of public activity, including national security and defense, critical industrial technologies, energy and communications, banking, environmental protection , technologies of legitimate distance learning, etc. Certain components can significantly affect the quality and reliability of information services in regulatory conditions. In particular, the special role of the functional security of the cryptographic subsystem in terms of supporting the performance of the automated system for its tasks and functions in general, as well as in terms of ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of information. The components of the cryptographic subsystem have been identified, the poor or incorrect operation of which negatively affects the security of these subsystems. The types of the most dangerous attacks on these subsystems are analyzed, their classification from the point of view of possibility of realization in modern scientific and technical conditions and depending on capacity of available computing means and technologies on the basis of which the most real and dangerous variant of realization of remote attacks on software implementation of cryptographic subsystem is defined. . Based on the analysis, a method for evaluating the quality of cryptographic transformations based on a modified algorithm for solving the problem of finding solutions of systems of linear equations with distorted right-hand parts using the so-called decoding based on "lists" of first-order "shortened" Reed-Muller codes is proved. the correctness of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals The discomfort of riding shotgun – Why many people don’t like to be co-driver

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ittner ◽  
Dominik Muehlbacher ◽  
Thomas H. Weisswange
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Classical Motion ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Human Machine Interfaces ◽  
Public Survey ◽  
Assistant Systems

This work investigates which conditions lead to co-driver discomfort aside from classical motion sickness, what characterizes uncomfortable situations and why these conditions lead to discomfort.The automobile is called a “passenger vehicle” as its main purpose is the transportation of people. However, passengers in the car are rarely considered in research about driving discomfort. The few studies in this area focus on driver discomfort, automated vehicles, and on driver assistant systems. An earlier public survey indicated that discomfort is also a relevant problem for co-drivers.An online questionnaire with N = 119 participants and a detailed follow up interview study with N = 24 participants were conducted.The results of the online questionnaire show that co-driver discomfort is a widespread problem (88 %). The results of the interviews indicate that the driving style is the only reason rated as very influential. Frequently mentioned reasons for discomfort are close following or fast driving. Uncomfortable situations were often perceived as safety critical. Participants also felt exposed to these situations. A model for possible cognitive origins of discomfort in co-drivers is proposed based on the study results.Co-driver discomfort is a common problem, highlighting the relevance of further research on supporting co-drivers. The reported correlations and the extension of theories from the areas of stress and self-regulation can help to explain the origin of this discomfort. The results provide a foundation for future design of interventions like human machine interfaces aiming at reducing co-driver discomfort.

scholarly journals Testing of IQ™ 200 Automated Urine Analyzer Analytical Performances in Comparison with Manual Techniques

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Velibor Čabarkapa ◽  
Mirjana Đerić ◽  
Zoran Stošić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Operation Procedure ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Very High ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Testing of IQ™ 200 Automated Urine Analyzer Analytical Performances in Comparison with Manual Techniques Automation is necessary in laboratory systems. It enables reduction of time required for sample analysis, as well as standardization of methods. However, automation of urine control in laboratories is much less common than in hematological analyses. Not long ago, the necessary automated systems for urine analysis have also been developed. The objective of this study is a comparison of the IQ™ 200 automated system for urine analyzing with standardized manual urine analyzing techniques. Comparative analysis of 300 samples was performed by the IQ™ 200 system and by the standardized methods of manual microscopy and chemical urine analysis. The results acquired point to very high compatibility between urine analyses by manual techniques and by the automated system IQ™ 200, and in some analyses IQ™ 200 showed higher sensitivity. It can be concluded, with the aim of standardization and shortening of time required for urine analysis, that utilization of automated urine analyzing systems is recommendable, especially in institutions with a large number of daily analyses. This is also supported by the fact that operation procedure on automated systems is much more simple in comparison to manual techniques.

Governing Critical ICT: Elements that Require Attention

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Luiijf ◽  
Marieke Klaver
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Internet Service Providers ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Telecommunication Services ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Information And Communication

With respect to critical information and communication technologies (ICT), nations most often declare their national critical infrastructure to include telecommunication services and in some cases critical services offered by key Internet Service Providers (ISP). This paper debates whether nations, their policy-makers, legislation and regulation largely overlook and fail to properly govern the full set of ICT elements and services critical to the functioning of their nation. The related societal and economical risk, however, needs to be closely mitigated, managed and governed. Legal and regulatory obligations to increase the ICT resilience may sometimes encourage this process.

scholarly journals Solution Phase Synthesis and Workup Using an Integrated Approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Lewin T. Wint ◽  
Marija Kovacevic ◽  
Matt Waters ◽  
Mettler-Toledo AutoChem
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Solution Phase Synthesis

Traditional organic synthesis is often cumbersome and time consuming. Significant effort by manufacturers of automated systems has been directed at increasing the speed, efficiency, and consistency of performing chemical reactions. To date, the numbers of integrated systems that combine all the relevant steps of compound preparation are few. Using the five automated systems in tandem can successfully streamline research and development of potential drug candidates. The features of these workstations offer a unique approach for supporting the convenient synthesis and workup of diverse compounds without compromising reagent types or conditions used for synthesis. This poster details an example of the automated drug discovery approach to high throughput organic synthesis using the solution phase synthesis of a series of 1-indanones as building blocks and subsequent reductive amination reactions to generate a diverse group of amines. The purpose of each automated system is outlined along with its role in generating the small library as an illustration of the importance of time saving devices in laboratories.

Artifacts use in safety critical information transfer: A preliminary study of the information arena

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Ho ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Ayse P. Gurses ◽  
Vinay Vaidya ◽  
Marcelo G. Cardarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Preliminary Study

Improvement of the Effectiveness of Testing Procedure by the Automated Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 404-417
Author(s):  
Valery Andreevich Pesoshin ◽  
Ruzil Rashitovich Saubanov ◽  
Aleksey Nikolayevich Ilyukhin ◽  
Valeriy Valeryevich Zvezdin ◽  
Ruslan Rashitovich Saubanov
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Automated Systems

The chapter reveals methodology of decision of actual task on development of the automated system of creation of tests and testing on the platform ASP.NET MVC framework for listeners of machine-building production, according to the program of the advanced training at the refresher courses for working specialties. The algorithms and architecture of the system conforming to the declared requirements are developed. The domain analysis is carried out, and also the main business processes proceeding during a full cycle of examination are considered.

Prospects for the use of the automated system of delimbed stem volume measurement

10.12737/2183 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мозговой ◽  
Nikolay Mozgovoy ◽  
Платонов ◽  
Aleksey Platonov ◽  
Мильцин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Measurement ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Practice Volume ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Object Of Control ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Round Timber

The basis of the measurement process is the principle of finding the values ​​of physical quantities empirically, with the help of special technical means, between the measured value and some value received per unit of comparison, with the subsequent establishment of the correspondence between the condition of the object of control and preset standard. In practice, volume of round timber (RT) is measured by one of five methods, differing in models of longitudinal sections. Since automated systems measure the volume of logs with high accuracy, it became possible to compare their real volumes with volumes of the Standard.

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