Intraocular Ependymoma With Blood-Filled Spaces: Neoplasm or a Reactive Process With Ependymal Differentiation—A Dilemma

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Aditi Dewan ◽  
Ravindra Kumar Saran ◽  
Smriti Nagpal Gupta ◽  
Deepanjali Arya ◽  
Ruchi Goel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Reactive Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ependymal Differentiation ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Mib 1

Intraocular glial lesions are rare and include retinal gliosis, hamartomas, and astrocytomas and rarely ependymomas. Ependymomas are slow-growing glial tumors preferentially arising in the central nervous system (CNS), occasionally presenting at sites outside the CNS, with only 2 cases of primary retinal ependymoma reported till date. We report herein the third such case of a 20-year-old male who presented with a painful blind eye. The enucleated specimen showed presence of a glial tumor with cells arranged in sheets as well as few true rosettes and pseudo-rosettes and an immunohistochemical profile similar to a classical ependymoma at usual sites in the CNS. Additionally, the presence of blood-filled spaces and few proliferating blood vessels made it a diagnostic challenge. All retinal glial lesions are positive for GFAP and S100. Therefore, immunostaining for EMA as well as the MIB-1-labeling index maybe vital in differentiating ependymomas from other intraocular glial lesions.

scholarly journals Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Occurring in the Third Ventricle

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Sanghyeon Kim ◽  
Myongjin Kang ◽  
Sunseob Choi ◽  
Dae Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
World Health ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health Organization

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a rare central nervous system tumor that has been included in the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Due to its more aggressive behavior, PMA is classified as Grade II neoplasm by the World Health Organization. PMA predominantly affects the hypothalamic/chiasmatic region and occurs in children (mean age of occurrence = 10 months). We report a case of a 24-year-old man who presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting. Brain CT and MRI revealed a mass occupying only the third ventricle. We performed partial resection. Histological findings, including monophasic growth with a myxoid background, and absence of Rosenthal fibers or eosinophilic granular bodies, as well as the strong positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein were consistent with PMA.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DYSENTERY INTOXICATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Penner ◽  
Alice Ida Bernheim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The introduction of Shiga toxin into the ventricular system of the brain with major location in the third ventricle resulted in a response similar to that following the administration of the toxin either intravenously or by cross-circulation. The intravenous administration at the dosage level employed would have elicited no response. These observations lend support to the hypothesis that Shiga toxin activates some mechanisms in the central nervous system which are capable of producing visceral lesions. These mechanisms are those which control the vasomotor components of homeostasis. This hypothesis permits an explanation of the proximo-distal and intramural features of the lesion.

Central site for pressor action of blood-borne angiotensin in rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. R358-R361 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Fink ◽  
J. R. Haywood ◽  
W. J. Bryan ◽  
W. Packwood ◽  
M. J. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Central Component ◽  
The Third ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Difference

A previous study demonstrated that the threshold dose of intra-arterial angiotensin II required to induce a pressor response in the rat was significantly lower when the drug was administered into the carotid artery than when administered into the abdominal aorta. This result was interpreted to indicate that part of the increase in arterial pressure produced by low concentrations of blood-borne angiotensin in this species was the result of an effect on structures in the central nervous system selectively accessible via the carotid vascular bed. The purpose of the present study was to establish more precisely the site of the pressor action of angiotensin within the central nervous system. The central component of the pressor effect of angiotensin was quantified as the difference in pressor responses to intracarotid and intra-aortic infusions of angiotensin II (delta c-a). In conscious rats, delta c-a was attenuated by administration of the angiotensin antagonist, saralasin, into the third cerebral ventricle. In rats with chronic electrolytic lesions of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V), delta c-a was abolished. Periventricular structures surrounding the third ventricle appear to mediate the central component of the pressor action of blood-borne angiotensin in the rat.

scholarly journals Primary malignant melanoma of the central nervous system: A diagnostic challenge

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Javier Quillo-Olvera ◽  
Juan Salvador Uribe-Olalde ◽  
Leopoldo Alberto Alcántara-Gómez ◽  
Jorge Dax Rejón-Pérez ◽  
Héctor Guillermo Palomera-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Primary Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Torulosis of the Central Nervous System

1943 ◽  
Vol 89 (374) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Blair
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Observation Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In March, 1939. there was admitted under my care at the St. Pancras Hospital Mental Observation Unit a case of torulosis of the nervous system. This is a very rare disease in this country and the present case is only the third recorded in British medical history (Greenfieldet al., 1938; Smith and Crawford, 1930), and the first one to have come under mental hospital supervision. Although such a rarity here, torulosis is more common in the United States, and cases have been reported from nearly every part of the world.

Large intraventricular epidermoid with bobble head doll syndrome in an adult

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Amit Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intracranial Epidermoid ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract Intracranial epidermoid tumors are rare (0.2-1.8%), histologically benign, slow-growing, congenital neoplasms of the central nervous system arising from the retained ectodermal implants. We report an unusual case of intra third ventricular epidermoid in an adult presenting with the Bobble-head doll syndrome and review the relevant literature.

Ependymoma

2019 ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Christopher Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Myxopapillary Ependymoma ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Slow Growing

Ependymomas which include both subependymoma and myxopapillary ependymoma variants are slow growing tumours of glial origin, believed to arise from radial glial stem cells within the ependymal surface within the central nervous system and spinal cord. Consequently, they are most commonly found in association with a ventricular surface, primarily within the fourth ventricle. Most of these tumours occur in children, representing approximately 10% of all paediatric central nervous system tumours, following astrocytomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumours in frequency, and there does not appear to be a gender bias. The majority of paediatric ependymomas are intracranial and about half occur in children less than 5 years old.

Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system-a diagnostic challenge

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Deckert ◽  
Anna Brunn ◽  
Manuel Montesinos-Rongen ◽  
Maria Rosa Terreni ◽  
Maurilio Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Primary Lymphoma ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals III. Contributions to the anatomy of the central nervous system of plagiostomata

1886 ◽  
Vol 40 (242-245) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Short Account ◽  
The Third ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

After referring to the literature of the subject, the author gives a short account of the macroscopic appearance of the brains of the following species of Plagiostomata, viz., Raja batis, Rhina squatina, Scyllium catulus , and Acanthias vulgaris . He then refers to the distribution of the cranial nerves, especially of the trifacial and vagus, pointing out the resemblance of the distribution of the last-mentioned nerve in Rhina to that described by Gegenbaur in Hexanthus; the difference lying in the fact that in the former the rami branchiales of this nerve, the number of which correspond the number of the branchial arches, divide into two terminal branches only, the rami anteriores and posteriores, the third, the rami pharyngei, being absent.

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