Explaining Gender Differences in Interests

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyndolyn M. A. Ludwikowski ◽  
Patrick I. Armstrong ◽  
Daniel G. Lannin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Social Cognitive Career

This study integrated Holland’s themes within a modified social cognitive career theory (SCCT) model, exploring whether gender-related personality variables account for the relations between gender and vocational interests. Undergraduates ( N = 452) completed expressiveness, instrumentality, and realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (RIASEC)-based measures of learning experiences, self-efficacy, and interests. Through structural equation modeling, the paths via expressiveness and instrumentality fully explained gender’s effect on artistic and conventional interests, respectively. The paths through instrumentality partially explained gender’s effect on investigative and enterprising interests, while gender’s effect on social interest was partially explained through expressiveness and instrumentality when considering the path without self-efficacy. The paths through expressiveness and instrumentality partially explained gender’s effect on realistic interests. Adding direct paths from learning experiences to interests improved model fit for realistic, artistic, and social models. These results demonstrate the utility of concurrently assessing the RIASEC and SCCT frameworks to delineate factors that influence gender differences in vocational interests.

Teachers' transformational leadership and students' employability development: A social cognitive career perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Michael Yao-Ping Peng ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Violet Tinotenda Simbi ◽  
Ku-Ho Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
University Education ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Cognitive Career

Higher education policy and talent training are failing to meet the ever-changing expectations of employers and society in Taiwan, resulting in a gap between university education and employment. We used social cognitive career theory to explore the relationships between problem-based learning, teachers' transformational leadership, and students' self-efficacy and employability. Participants were 619 undergraduates from 12 Taiwanese higher education institutions. We performed structural equation modeling and found that there were significant positive correlations between students' self-efficacy, problem-based learning, and employability, along with teachers' transformational leadership. Further, problem-based learning and the students' self-efficacy were key mediators of the relationship between teachers' transformational leadership and students' employability. Implications are discussed for related issues and future research involving models of students' employability.

scholarly journals APLIKASI MODEL SOCIAL COGNITIVE CAREER THEORY UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI NIAT MAHASISWA BEKERJA SEBAGAI AKUNTAN PUBLIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Vania Pradipta Gunawan ◽  
Retno Yuliati
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Outcome Expectation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Career Theory ◽  
Efficacy Outcome ◽  
Social Cognitive Career ◽  
Public Accountant

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine thesocial cognitive career theory (SCCT) model (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) which is composed of self efficacy and outcome expectation to predict university students’ intention to work as public accountant. To our best knowledge, this is the first research to examine SCCT model in accounting field; which is done prior and after the respondents take auditing course in university. Data from 234 respondents prior to taking auditing course and 215 respondents after taking auditing course from three universities in Jabodetabek area were taken and analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It can be inferred that: (a) the correlation between self-efficacy and university students’ intention to be public accountant is stronger after taking auditing course; (b) the correlation outcome expectation and intention to work as public accountant is not significant both prior to and after taking auditing course;(c) the correlation between self-efficacy and outcome expectation is significant only on respondents after taking auditing course. The limitations in this research are the data was taken prior to and after taking Auditing 1 course (prior to taking Auditing 2) and all respondents are from renowned university in major cities. The result of this research is expected to increase the effectiveness of auditing courses to develop university students’ competence and confidence to achieve their  career as public accountant.Keywords:social cognitive career theory, self-efficacy, outcome expectation, public accountant career

An Integrative Model of Self-Regulated Learning for University Students: The Contributions of Social Cognitive Theory of Carriers

2020 ◽  
pp. 002205742090437
Author(s):  
Mauricio Federico Zalazar-Jaime ◽  
Leonardo Adrián Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Social Cognitive Career

Self-regulated learning (SRL) has gained increasing interest in educational research. Although SRL models agree on the dynamic interplay between forethought, performance, and self-reflection processes, they differ in the subprocesses implied at each phase. The main objectives of this study were to develop and test an SRL model by integrating main contributions of social cognitive career theory and Zimmerman’s SRL model in a sample of undergraduates in Argentina. Structural equation modeling showed that three models fitted well to the data, explaining between 21% and 34% of the variance. The results of this study provide theoretical and empirical support for the SRL model.

Predictors of Intention to Promote Family Planning: A Survey of Protestant Seminarians in the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Goodson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Seminary Students ◽  
Theological Schools

The purpose of this study was to examine Protestant seminary students’ intention to promote family planning. Intention to promote family planning and its predictors were examined by testing a conceptual model based on the theory of planned behavior and social cognitive theory. A nonrepresentative sample of 635 seminarians (90.5% Anglo; 66.5% male) from 10 theological schools in the United States completed a mailed survey. Students were classified according to their religious beliefs as conservative (61.9%) and nonconservative (38.1%), and group differences in intention (and its correlates) were examined. Structural equation modeling was used to assess relationships among attitudes toward sexuality, attitudes toward family planning, subjective norms, knowledge, self-efficacy, and intention for both conservative and nonconservative students. Results indicated that the relationships among predictors of intention were essentially similar for both conservative and nonconservative seminarians, with attitudes and self-efficacy for promoting family planning exhibiting the strongest direct effects on intention.

scholarly journals Institutional support and women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Kazumi ◽  
Norifumi Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Venture Performance

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explores the extent to which local institutional forces affect female entrepreneurial venture performance. Drawing upon a unified theoretical framework of social cognitive and institutional perspectives, the authors scrutinize the complex interplay among institutional support, entrepreneurial cognitions and entrepreneurial success. Design/methodology/approach Based on a unique sample of 202 female entrepreneurs in 30 provinces throughout Japan, this paper grounded social cognitive theory and attempted to clear the relation between women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy and venture performance empirically by statistical analysis. Findings The findings of structural equation modeling indicate that women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy is a strong and useful mediator of the effect of informal institutional support on venture performance. Unexpectedly, formal institutional support shows no correlation with entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Practical implications This study proposes that perceived social legitimacy may lead to increased entrepreneurial self-efficacy, thereby enhancing venture performance. This finding can clarify the institutional force pathways to foster entrepreneurial confidence. Originality/value This study contributes to the field of female entrepreneurship by examining institutional antecedents of women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Focused on the case of Japanese female entrepreneurs, this study is unique and valuable.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES ON INTEREST IN STEM CAREERS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-663
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Aik-Ling Tan ◽  
Wu-Rong Xiao ◽  
Feng Zeng ◽  
Jiong Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive Career Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Stem Careers ◽  
Career Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive Career

Learning experiences can affect students' interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) careers. Applying the social cognitive career theory, this study tested and compared the effect size and effect mechanism of formal learning experiences (FLE) and informal learning experiences (ILE) on 1133 tenth-grade students' interest in STEM careers (ISC) through a paper questionnaire survey. The results of structural equation model analysis showed that: 1) The total effect of ILE on students' ISC is much greater than that of FLE; 2) ILE, STEM self-efficacy (SSE) and STEM careers perceptions (SCP) can directly affect students' ISC; FLE and ILE can also indirectly affect students' ISC through the mediating role of SSE and SCP. The analyses suggest that in order to improve students' ISC, STEM education (especially informal STEM education) should be strengthened, both formal and informal education should pay attention to the cultivation of students' SSE and SCP. Keywords: interest in STEM careers, learning experiences, social cognitive career theory, STEM careers perceptions, STEM self-efficacy, structural equation model

An Examination of the Role of Attachment and Efficacy in Life Satisfaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Wright ◽  
Kristin M. Perrone
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Social Self

The study examined interrelationships between attachment, social self-efficacy, career decision-making self-efficacy, and life satisfaction. Social cognitive career theory and attachment theory were integrated to provide a framework for this study. A conceptual model was proposed and tested to determine if social self-efficacy and career decision self-efficacy were full or partial mediators between attachment and life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling methods were utilized to test the model. Findings indicated that social self-efficacy and career decision self-efficacy partially mediated between attachment and life satisfaction among college students, the majority of whom were Caucasian females. This lends support to the idea that adult attachment is a fundamental source of efficacy information and operates as a critical component in college students’ perceptions of their efficacy in the domains of close relationships and career decisions, both of which impact life satisfaction. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

scholarly journals Social-cognitive variables as predictors of intention to undergo breast reconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Jolanta Życińska
Keyword(s):  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Efficacy Outcome ◽  
The Social ◽  
Undergo Breast Reconstruction

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the role of self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and risk perception (including consequences of mastectomy) in formulating the intention to undergo breast reconstruction in 178 women after total mastectomy. The social-cognitive variables were measured in the context of breast reconstruction, while depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. The structural equation modeling revealed that among the predictors there were only two that accounted for the intention to undergo breast reconstruction, i.e. self-efficacy and outcome expectancies (R2 = .67). Subsequent analyses of the related moderators, i.e. depression, age, and duration of the disease indicated a good fit to the data. Nevertheless, in subgroups with poorer resources (older age, depression, and longer duration of the disease) the direct effects of self-efficacy on intention were less noticeable or non-existent. The results suggest that self-efficacy may play the regulating role in making a breast reconstruction decision if individual resources are taken into account.

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