Biomechanical Evaluation of the Efficacy of External Stabilizers in the Conservative Treatment of Acquired Flatfoot Deformity

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 727-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Imhauser ◽  
Nicholas A. Abidi ◽  
David Z. Frankel ◽  
Kenneth Gavin ◽  
Sorin Siegler
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot ◽  
Fresh Frozen

This study quantified and compared the efficacy of in-shoe orthoses and ankle braces in stabilizing the hindfoot and medial longitudinal arch in a cadaveric model of acquired flexible flatfoot deformity. This was addressed by combining measurement of hindfoot and arch kinematics with plantar pressure distribution, produced in response to axial loads simulating quiet standing. Experiments were conducted on six fresh-frozen cadaveric lower limbs. Three conditions were tested: intact-unbraced; flatfoot-unbraced; and flatfoot-braced. Flatfoot deformity was created by sectioning the main support structures of the medial longitudinal arch. Six different braces were tested including two in-shoe orthoses, three ankle braces and one molded ankle-foot orthosis. Our model of flexible flatfoot deformity caused the calcaneus to evert, the talus to plantarflex and the height of the talus and medial cuneiform to decrease. Flexible flatfoot deformity caused a pattern of medial shift in plantar pressure distribution, but minimal change in the location of the center of pressure. Furthermore, in-shoe orthoses stabilized both the hindfoot and the medial longitudinal arch, while ankle braces did not. Semi-rigid foot and ankle orthoses acted to stabilize the medial longitudinal arch. Based on these results, it was concluded that treatment of flatfoot deformity should at least include use of in-shoe orthoses to partially restore the arch and stabilize the hindfoot.

scholarly journals The Design and Simulation of a 16-Sensors Plantar Pressure Insole Layout for Different Applications: From Sports to Clinics, a Pilot Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Alfredo Ciniglio ◽  
Annamaria Guiotto ◽  
Fabiola Spolaor ◽  
Zimi Sawacha
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Footwear Design

The quantification of plantar pressure distribution is widely done in the diagnosis of lower limbs deformities, gait analysis, footwear design, and sport applications. To date, a number of pressure insole layouts have been proposed, with different configurations according to their applications. The goal of this study is to assess the validity of a 16-sensors (1.5 × 1.5 cm) pressure insole to detect plantar pressure distribution during different tasks in the clinic and sport domains. The data of 39 healthy adults, acquired with a Pedar-X® system (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) during walking, weight lifting, and drop landing, were used to simulate the insole. The sensors were distributed by considering the location of the peak pressure on all trials: 4 on the hindfoot, 3 on the midfoot, and 9 on the forefoot. The following variables were computed with both systems and compared by estimating the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE): Peak/Mean Pressure, Ground Reaction Force (GRF), Center of Pressure (COP), the distance between COP and the origin, the Contact Area. The lowest (0.61%) and highest (82.4%) RMSE values were detected during gait on the medial-lateral COP and the GRF, respectively. This approach could be used for testing different layouts on various applications prior to production.

Comparison of the immediate effects of prefabricated soft medical insoles and custom-molded rigid medical insoles on plantar pressure distribution in athletes with flexible flatfoot

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyede Gelare Razavi Khorasani ◽  
Masumeh Bagherzadeh Cham ◽  
Ali Sharifnezhad ◽  
Hassan Saeedi ◽  
Behshid Farahmand
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot

The effects of calf muscles fatigue on dynamic plantar pressure distribution in normal foot posture and flexible flatfoot: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Muge Kirmizi ◽  
Yesim Salik Sengul ◽  
Salih Angin
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Calf Muscles

BACKGROUND: Flexible flatfoot is associated with altered plantar pressure distribution, but it is not clear how muscle fatigue affects plantar pressure characteristics in flexible flatfoot and normal foot. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of calf muscles fatigue on plantar pressure variables in flexible flatfoot and normal foot. METHODS: Twenty-five people with flexible flatfoot and twenty-five people with normal foot were included. The unilateral heel-rise test was used to induce calf muscles fatigue. Plantar pressure variables were collected during preferred walking immediately before and after fatigue. The two-way mixed-design ANOVA was used to determine the main effect of fatigue and the interaction between foot posture and fatigue. RESULTS: Fatigue causes medialization of the contact area under the forefoot and the maximum force under the heel and forefoot (p< 0.05). When examining the differences in the effects of fatigue between groups, the contact area under the medial heel increased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but decreased in normal foot; moreover, the contact area and maximum force under the midfoot and the maximum force under the third metatarsal decreased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but increased in normal foot (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Calf muscles fatigue causes medialization of the maximum force and contact area. Especially the midfoot was affected differently by fatigue in flexible flatfoot and normal foot.

The Relationship between Accessory Navicular and Medial Longitudinal Arch: Evaluation with a Plantar Pressure Distribution Measurement System

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulunay Kanatli ◽  
Haluk Yetkin ◽  
Nadir Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Distribution Measurement ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Accessory Navicular ◽  
Analysis Laboratory ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
The Relationship

This study included 92 patients with an accessory navicular (AN) noted on an anteroposterior roentgenography. This group was selected from 860 patients admitted to the authors' gait analysis laboratory. The medial longitudinal arch was evaluated by using an “arch index” calculated from the pressure picture obtained from a pressure distribution measurement system. The average arch index was 0.15 and there was no significant correlation between AN types and arch index. The study concluded that the presence and type of AN are not correlated with the height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and that AN is not associated with pes planus.

The effect of partial weight bearing in a walking boot on plantar pressure distribution and center of pressure

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylee North ◽  
Michael Q. Potter ◽  
Erik N. Kubiak ◽  
Stacy J. Morris Bamberg ◽  
Robert W. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Partial Weight Bearing ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Partial Weight

The effect of prefabricated and proprioceptive foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in patients with flexible flatfoot during walking

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Aminian ◽  
Zahra Safaeepour ◽  
Mahboobeh Farhoodi ◽  
Abbas Farjad Pezeshk ◽  
Hassan Saeedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background:Previous studies have suggested that orthoses with different constructions could alter gait parameters in flexible flatfoot. However, there is less evidence about the effect of insoles with proprioceptive mechanism on plantar pressure distribution in flatfoot.Objectives:To assess the effect of orthoses with different mechanisms on plantar pressure distribution in subjects with flexible flatfoot.Study Design:Quasi-experimental.Methods:In total, 12 flatfoot subjects were recruited for this study. In-shoe plantar pressure in walking was measured by Pedar-X system under three conditions including wearing the shoe only, wearing the shoe with a proprioceptive insole, and wearing the shoe with a prefabricated foot insole.Results:Using the proprioceptive insoles, maximum force was significantly reduced in medial midfoot, and plantar pressure was significantly increased in the second and third rays (0.94 ± 0.77 N/kg, 102.04 ± 28.23 kPa) compared to the shoe only condition (1.12 ± 0.88 N/kg and 109.79 ± 29.75 kPa). For the prefabricated insole, maximum force was significantly higher in midfoot area compared to the other conditions ( p < 0.05).Conclusions:Construction of orthoses could have an effect on plantar pressure distribution in flatfeet. It might be considered that insoles with sensory stimulation alters sensory feedback of plantar surface of foot and may lead to change in plantar pressure in the flexible flatfoot.Clinical relevanceBased on the findings of this study, using orthoses with different mechanisms such as proprioceptive intervention might be a useful method in orthotic treatment. Assessing plantar pressure can also be an efficient quantitative outcome measure for clinicians in evidence-based foot orthosis prescription.

scholarly journals Plantar Pressure Distribution in Female Olympic-Style Weightlifters

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2669
Author(s):  
Arletta Hawrylak ◽  
Hanna Gronowska
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Condition ◽  
National Level ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Foot Posture

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in static and dynamic plantar pressure and other foot geometry variables between female Olympic-style weightlifters and an age- and sex-matched control group. Methods: The study involved 24 national-level competitive weightlifters and 24 physical education students. Leg dominance was determined and baropodometry was used to assess plantar pressure and foot posture during quiet standing and walking. For all variables basic descriptive statistics were calculated (mean ± standard deviation). Student’s t test was used to compare the between-group differences. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the association between BMI (Body Mass Index) and average and peak plantar pressure. Results: No significant differences were observed in plantar pressure distribution between the two groups. A moderate correlation was found between BMI and non-dominant limb peak and average plantar pressure in the group of weightlifters in the static condition and in the control group in the dynamic condition. Conclusions: Olympic-style weightlifting may affect plantar pressure distribution and foot posture in female weightlifters. BMI may also correlate with peak and average plantar pressure in this population. Further research is needed to determine if Olympic-style weightlifting may affect plantar pressure distribution and foot posture in female weightlifters.

scholarly journals Effect of additional body weight on arch index and dynamic plantar pressure distribution during walking and gait termination

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8998
Author(s):  
Xuanzhen Cen ◽  
Datao Xu ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Foot Injuries ◽  
Gait Termination ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Foot Morphology ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
Daily Physical Activities

The medial longitudinal arch is considered as an essential feature which distinguishes humans from other primates. The longitudinal arch plays a supporting and buffering role in human daily physical activities. However, bad movement patterns could lead to deformation of arch morphology, resulting in foot injuries. The authors aimed to investigate any alterations in static and dynamic arch index following different weight bearings. A further aim was to analyze any changes in plantar pressure distribution characteristics on gait during walking and stopping, Twelve males were required to complete foot morphology scans and three types of gait tests with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of additional body weight. The dynamic gait tests included walking, planned and unplanned gait termination. Foot morphology details and plantar pressure data were collected from subjects using the Easy-Foot-Scan and Footscan pressure platform. No significant differences were observed in static arch index when adding low levels of additional body weight (10%). There were no significant changes observed in dynamic arch index when loads were added in the range of 20% to 30%, except in unplanned gait termination. Significant maximal pressure increases were observed in the rearfoot during walking and in both the forefoot and rearfoot during planned gait termination. In addition, significant maximum pressure increases were shown in the lateral forefoot and midfoot during unplanned gait termination when weight was increased. Findings from the study indicated that excessive weight bearing could lead to a collapse of the arch structure and, therefore, increases in plantar loading. This may result in foot injuries, especially during unplanned gait termination.

scholarly journals The association between high-arched feet, plantar pressure distribution and body posture in young women

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Woźniacka ◽  
Łukasz Oleksy ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska ◽  
Anna Mika ◽  
Renata Kielnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Arch Index

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of excessive feet arching (symmetrical and asymmetrical) on plantar pressure distribution and on the alignment of pelvis, spine and shoulder girdle. Eighty-one women (20–40 years old, 61 +/− 12 kg, 165 +/− 5 cm) were divided into 3 groups based on the foot arch index (Group 1 - with normally arched feet, Group 2 with one foot properly arched and the other high-arched, Group 3 with both feet high-arched). Plantar pressure distribution between the right and left foot for the forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot, respectively and body posture were assessed. A slight increase in longitudinal arch of the foot caused changes in the distribution of feet loads both between limbs and between the forefoot and rearfoot and also influenced the whole body. Asymmetrical high-arching of the feet resulted in asymmetry of lower limb load and in the height of the shoulder girdle. We have suggested that any alteration of the foot arch may be harmful to body tissues and should not be considered as correct. Due to the fact that slight increases in longitudinal arch of the foot are very common, they should be considered as a foot defect, and appropriate corrective exercises should be used to prevent forefoot overload and alterations in body posture.

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