Influence of Diagnosis and Other Factors on Patients’ Expectations of Foot and Ankle Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Cody ◽  
Huong T. Do ◽  
Jayme C. B. Koltsov ◽  
Carol A. Mancuso ◽  
Scott J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Osteochondral Lesion ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Outcome Score ◽  
Caucasian Race ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Preoperative Expectations

Background: Many patient factors have been associated with higher or lower expectations of orthopedic surgery. In foot and ankle surgery, the diverse diagnoses seen may also influence expectations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diagnosis and patients’ preoperative expectations of elective foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Two hundred seventy-eight patients undergoing elective foot or ankle surgery for 1 of 7 common diagnoses were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Preoperative expectations were assessed with the Hospital for Special Surgery Foot & Ankle Surgery Expectations Survey. Patients also completed the Foot & Ankle Outcome Score, Short Form 12, pain visual analog scale, and questionnaires for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Patient factors and diagnosis were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis to identify independent predictors of higher expectations and determine the effect of diagnosis relative to other patient factors on expectations. Results: The multivariate regression analysis adjusting for demographics and other clinical characteristics showed that diagnosis contributed the most to the model, accounting for 10.5% of the variation in expectations survey scores. Patients with mid- or hindfoot arthritis ( P < .001), hallux valgus ( P = .001), or hallux rigidus ( P = .005) had lower scores (lower expectations) than those with ankle instability or osteochondral lesion. In the model, female sex ( P = .001), non-Caucasian race ( P = .031), and lower scores on the Foot & Ankle Outcome Score daily activities subscale ( P = .024) were associated with higher scores. Conclusions: Diagnosis of ankle instability or osteochondral lesion, female sex, non-Caucasian race, and lower Foot & Ankle Outcome Score daily activities subscale score were all associated with higher expectations. These findings may help inform and guide surgeons as they counsel patients preoperatively. Level of Evidence: Level II, cross-sectional study.

scholarly journals Patients’ Expectations from Foot and Ankle Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 2473011416S0000
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cody ◽  
Carol Mancuso ◽  
Jayme Burket ◽  
Anca Marinescu ◽  
Aoife MacMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Osteochondral Lesion ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Preoperative Expectations

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Few authors have investigated patients’ expectations from foot and ankle surgery, and standardized means of assessing expectations are lacking. Managing patients’ preoperative expectations may help improve their ultimate satisfaction with surgery. In a previous study (in press), we developed a valid and reliable patient-derived expectations survey for patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery. In this study, we aimed to examine relationships between patients’ preoperative expectations and their demographic and clinical characteristics. We hypothesized that patients with more disability and those with anxiety or depressive symptoms would have greater expectations. Methods: All adult patients scheduled for elective foot or ankle surgery by one of six orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons were screened for inclusion over eight months. Preoperatively, patients completed the Foot & Ankle Surgery Expectations Survey in addition to the Foot & Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Short Form (SF)-12, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), and pain visual analog scale (VAS). The expectations survey contains 23 expectations categories, each with five answer choices ranging from I do not have this expectation to complete improvement expected. It is scored from 0-100; higher scores indicate greater expectations. Differences in expectations score with categorical variables were assessed with t-tests and single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences in number of expectations and number of expectations with complete improvement expected were assessed with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Relationships between expectations and continuous variables were assessed with linear regression. Results: 352 patients (average age 55 ± 15, range 18 to 86) were enrolled. Expectations were not significantly related to age. Women expected to achieve complete improvement more often than men (p = 0.011). Other factors significantly associated with higher expectations (p < 0.05) included non-Caucasian race, workers’ compensation, use of a cane or other assistive device, diagnosis of ankle instability or osteochondral lesion, and greater medical comorbidity (Table). Patients with a history of prior orthopaedic surgery were less likely to expect complete improvement. Worse function and quality of life (as assessed by all FAOS subscales and SF-12 physical and mental components), more depressive and anxiety symptoms, and higher pain VAS scores were associated with higher expectations scores and more expectations (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: The results of this study may help inform surgeons’ preoperative discussions with their patients regarding realistic expectations from surgery. Generally patients with worse function and more disability had higher expectations from surgery. Addressing these patients’ expectations preoperatively may help improve their ultimate satisfaction with surgery.

scholarly journals Impact of Patient Diagnosis on Expectation Fulfillment in Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0004
Author(s):  
Jensen K. Henry ◽  
Andrew R. Roney ◽  
Amelia Hummel ◽  
Carol A. Mancuso ◽  
Elizabeth Cody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Ordinal Regression ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Ankle Arthritis ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Preoperative Expectations

Category: Ankle; Ankle Arthritis; Arthroscopy; Basic Sciences/Biologics; Bunion; Hindfoot; Lesser Toes; Midfoot/Forefoot; Sports; Trauma; Other Introduction/Purpose: Patients’ expectations - and whether they are met - are an integral component of orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery. An expectations survey has been developed and validated to quantify patients’ expectations preoperatively and the fulfillment of those expectations postoperatively. The fulfillment of expectations correlates highly with perceived improvement, outcomes scores, and overall satisfaction with surgery, both in foot and ankle surgery and across orthopaedic subspecialties. Yet unlike other orthopaedic specialties, foot and ankle contains an inherently wide variety of patient diagnoses and procedures. This study sought to identify the effect of foot and ankle diagnosis on postoperative outcomes in terms of the extent to which expectations are fulfilled. We hypothesized that the fulfillment of expectations would vary with diagnosis. Methods: This is a prospective single-center study of adult patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery. Preoperatively, all patients completed the validated Expectations Survey (range 0-100, with 100 indicating maximum expectations), which asks about anticipated improvement in items like pain, ambulation, function, and more generalized items like ‘going back to normal.’ Two years postoperatively, patients noted how much improvement (none, a little, moderate, a lot, or complete) actually attained for each item cited preoperatively. This allowed for calculation of a ‘Fulfillment Proportion (FP),’ a numerical representation of whether each patient’s expectations were unmet (FP=0), partially met (FP 0-1), met as expected (FP=1), or surpassed (FP>1). FP was compared across diagnoses, and bivariate analysis between diagnoses and expectation fulfillment was performed using ordinal regression. Multivariate ordinal regression was then used to analyze the effect of diagnosis, clinical variables, and preoperative expectations on expectation fulfillment. Results: 271 of 340 (80%) patients had both preoperative and 2-year postoperative expectations data. Mean age was 55.4 years, mean BMI was 27.5 kg/m2, and 65% were female. Patients with diagnoses of midfoot/hindfoot arthritis (FP 0.68 +- .46) and neuroma (FP 0.69 +- .89) had the lowest proportion of expectations fulfilled (Table). Conversely, ankle arthritis patients had the highest proportion of expectations fulfilled (FP 0.94 +- .41). In multivariate regression analysis, diagnosis and preoperative expectations scores were significant independent predictors of low expectation fulfillment. Despite having lower preoperative expectations, neuroma patients were 5 times more likely (95% CI 1.5-14.6, p=.008) and midfoot/hindfoot arthritis patients were 3 times more likely (95% CI 1.3-8.5, p= .013) to have unfulfilled expectations. Conclusion: In orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery, the fulfillment of expectations varies with preoperative diagnosis. Patients with diagnoses of midfoot/hindfoot arthritis and neuroma were significantly more likely to have lower proportions of expectations fulfilled. Although the exact causes are unknown, possible explanations include the need for subsequent procedures, continued need for orthotics, progression of arthritis to adjacent joints in midfoot/hindfoot arthritis patients, and recurrent or residual symptoms in neuroma patients. Preoperatively, surgeons should emphasize the risks of surgery as well as the importance of realistic expectations in these patients in order to optimize their outcomes postoperatively. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Patients’ Expectations of Foot and Ankle Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0001
Author(s):  
Scott Ellis ◽  
Elizabeth Cody ◽  
Jayme Koltsov ◽  
Anca Marinescu ◽  
Carol Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Osteochondral Lesion ◽  
Hallux Rigidus ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Pain Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Item Scale

Category: Patient expectations Introduction/Purpose: Patients’ expectations from orthopaedic surgery may strongly affect postoperative satisfaction and have been shown to relate to many different factors, including age, sex, functional status, and health. However, the diverse diagnoses in foot and ankle surgery may also influence expectations. While pain relief tends to be the predominant expectation of orthopaedic foot and ankle patients, there are certain expectations that may be more important for patients with certain diagnoses. In this study, we aimed to analyze differences in patients’ expectations among the major surgical diagnoses seen in foot and ankle practices. Methods: 352 patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery by six orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons were enrolled over eight months. Patients completed the Foot & Ankle Surgery Expectations Survey preoperatively, as well as the Foot & Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Short Form (SF)-12, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), and pain visual analog scale (VAS). The expectations survey is scored from 0-100 with higher scores indicating greater expectations. Each of its 23 items can also be assessed independently. Differences in expectations scores between diagnoses were analyzed with t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences in the number of expectations and number of expectations with complete improvement expected were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: Patients with a diagnosis of ankle instability or osteochondral lesion (OCL) had higher expectations scores (p = 0.004) and more often expected complete improvement (p = 0.024) compared to patients with other diagnoses (Table). Patients with hallux valgus had lower expectations scores (p = 0.005) than patients with other diagnoses. Patients with mid- or hindfoot arthritis also had lower expectations scores (p = 0.006) and even more significantly, had an average of only 2.4 expectations with complete improvement expected, while all other patients averaged 8.4 (p < 0.001). Expectations that were relatively unique to specific diagnoses included increased shoe variety for hallux valgus and hallux rigidus, improved appearance for hallux valgus, and improved ability to run for exercise for ankle instability or OCL. Conclusion: Patients’ expectations of foot and ankle surgery vary widely by diagnosis. Higher expectations among patients with ankle instability/OCL may be related to worse functional and mental health status (Table). Lower expectations among patients with hallux valgus and mid- or hindfoot arthritis may be attributable in part to patients’ recognition of the difficulty of treating their condition. Preoperative counseling by their surgeons regarding realistic expectations may also be a factor. We can use the findings of this study to predict what expectations are most important to patients with different diagnoses and to guide how we counsel them prior to surgery.

Relevance of SPECT-CT in Complex Cases of Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Comparison With MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Claassen ◽  
Daiwei Yao ◽  
Sarah Ettinger ◽  
Matthias Lerch ◽  
Kiriakos Daniilidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Osteochondral Lesion ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Ankle Surgery

Background. Finding the right diagnoses in patients with complex foot and ankle disorders can be challenging. Single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography (SPECT-CT) has shown to be feasible in foot and ankle surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of SPECT-CT and thereby its impact on final treatment decision compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods. A retrospective study was performed on 49 patients treated at our institution. Experienced foot and ankle surgeons independently, and blinded, analyzed clinical data and radiographs together with MRI, SPECT-CT, or a combination of both. Based on the determined final treatment decision Cohen’s kappa values were calculated to illustrate interrater and intrarater reliability. Results. The kappa values for interrater reliability were higher for SPECT-CT at .68 and MRI + SPECT-CT at .71 compared to 0.38 for MRI alone (P < .05). The kappa values for intrarater reliability of MRI + SPECT-CT were higher at .75 compared with SPECT-CT alone at .67 (P < .05) and MRI at .35 (P < .01). Conclusion. We found a higher interrater and intrarater reliability for SPECT-CT compared with MRI alone for diagnosing complex foot and ankle pathologies. SPECT-CT has a high impact on final treatment decision. The main indications are bony pathologies with diagnostic uncertainty especially in closely adjacent structures as the joints of the midfoot, occult coalitio, stress fractures, verification or exclusion of nonfusion, periprosthetic disorders after total ankle replacement and osteochondral lesion in cases of combined pathologies. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Retrospective study

scholarly journals The Perceived Effectiveness of a Short-term Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Mission Trip to Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0023
Author(s):  
Eric C. Gokcen ◽  
Joshua C. Luginbuhl ◽  
Joshua C. Luginbuhl
Keyword(s):  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Educational Impact ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Surgical Mission ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Orthopaedic Residency ◽  
The Impact

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Short-term surgical mission trips have become increasingly common, with many benefits seen by the hosts and the visitors when trips are done properly. However, few visitors ever attempt to measure the impact of their visit other than to list the surgeries that were performed. This study was performed to determine the perceived educational impact on orthopaedic attendings and residents of a Kenyan internationally accredited orthopaedic residency program and to determine the hosts’ opinions on the effectiveness of orthopaedic short-term trips. Methods: A survey was developed and distributed to four host attending surgeons and 9 host residents at the beginning of an orthopaedic mission trip. The visitors included four attending orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons from various US sites, and two orthopaedic surgery residents from one US program. Using a scale from 1-10, with 1 meaning definitely No, and 10 meaning definitely Yes, hosts were asked if they felt there was a need for more foot and ankle training in Kenya. A post-trip survey was distributed to the host attendings and residents to determine perceived competency in five topics of foot and ankle pathology. Results: When hosts were asked if they felt there was a need for more foot and ankle training in Kenya, attendings responded an average 8.3, and residents 9.4. When asked if a short-term trip would improve foot and ankle care for the community, attendings responded 7.8, and residents 7.9. A post-trip survey was completed by one attending and 3 residents to determine their perceived competency in five topics of foot and ankle pathology. Overall, they averaged an increase of +2.0 on the scale in their competency for all topics. The highest increase was with ankle instability and hallux valgus at +3.0, and the lowest increase was with Achilles pathology at +0.75. Conclusion: The survey supported the hypothesis that short-term orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery trips to this program are helpful according to the hosts. Furthermore, understanding the competencies of the hosts can help the visitors develop more impactful teaching by focusing on the topics of need. Further studies such as this should be routinely performed with medical trips to help determine their effectiveness.

Comparison of the Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) and the Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (SEFAS) in patients with foot or ankle surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusch Arbab ◽  
Katharina Kuhlmann ◽  
Christoph Schnurr ◽  
Christian Lüring ◽  
Dietmar König ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Outcome Score ◽  
Ankle Surgery

Association Between Middle Facet Subluxation and Foot and Ankle Offset in Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity

2021 ◽  
pp. 107110072110408
Author(s):  
Nacime Salomão Barbachan Mansur ◽  
Matthieu Lalevee ◽  
Connor Maly ◽  
Kevin Dibbern ◽  
Hee Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Foot Deformity ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

Background: Subtalar middle facet (MF) subluxation was recognized as a reliable marker for progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) diagnosis. Foot and Ankle Offset (FAO) is an established measurement, predictive of malalignment severity. The objective of this study was to assess the potential association between MF subluxation and FAO in PCFD patients. Methods: 56 individuals with flexible PCFD (74 feet) were assessed. Two blinded foot and ankle surgeons calculated MF uncoverage, MF incongruence, and FAO. Agreement was quantified using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A multivariate regression analysis and partition prediction models were applied to assess relationship between values. Results: All ICCs were >0.80. MF subluxation and FAO were found to be correlated ( rs = 0.56; P < .0001). Changes in the MF subluxation were noticeably explained by FAO and BMI ( R2 = 0.33). MF incongruence was not correlated with the assessed variables ( P = .10). In this cohort, an MF subluxation of 27.5% was a threshold for increased FAO (FAO of 3.4%±2.4% when below; FAO of 8.0% ±3.5% when above). Conclusion: We found a correlation between MF subluxation and FAO. An MF subluxation of 27.5% was found to be a threshold for higher FAO, which corresponded to a greater malalignment. These data may help surgeons optimize treatment decisions in PCFD patients. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.

scholarly journals Great Expectations: Predicting Postoperative Expectation Fulfillment in Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0004
Author(s):  
Jensen K. Henry ◽  
Andrew R. Roney ◽  
Amelia Hummel ◽  
Elizabeth Cody ◽  
Carol A. Mancuso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Hallux Rigidus ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Postoperative Function ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Preoperative Expectations ◽  
The Relationship

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: In foot and ankle surgery, the fulfillment of patients’ preoperative expectations is a unique and validated method to assess postoperative success. Expectation fulfillment is closely associated with postoperative outcomes, satisfaction, and patient-reported improvement. Ideally, foot and ankle patients should have realistic expectations of surgery so that they are appropriately prepared for their postoperative symptoms and function. Inappropriately high expectations may predispose to worse outcomes because patients have unrealistic views about what their surgery can actually accomplish. Conversely, inappropriately low expectations may represent a lack of motivation to improve or participate in rehabilitation and postoperative protocols. This study aimed to identify the relationship between preoperative expectations and postoperative fulfillment. These results may facilitate surgeon-patient communication and help patients prepare for their operation and their postoperative function. Methods: Adult patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery at a single center were prospectively enrolled. Demographics, diagnosis, and outcomes surveys (Short Form [SF]-12, Foot & Ankle Outcome Score, improvement, satisfaction) were collected. Preoperatively, each patient completed the Expectations Survey (range 0-100, with 100 indicating maximum expectations), which asks about anticipated improvement in domains like pain, ambulation, function, and shoewear. Two years after surgery, for each expectation cited preoperatively, patients answered how much improvement they actually achieved. Using a ratio of the postoperative and preoperative scores, a Fulfillment Proportion (FP) was calculated, along with the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). This permitted identification of patients with unfulfilled, fulfilled, and surpassed expectations. Bivariate correlations, chi-square analyses, and multivariate regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed to identify the relationship between preoperative expectations, clinical variables, and postoperative expectation fulfillment. Results: There were 271/340 (80%) patients with 2-year follow-up, with mean age 55.4 years and 65% female. Most common diagnoses were hallux valgus (25%), flatfoot (11%), hallux rigidus (11%), ankle arthritis (10%), and chronic tendon injury (9%). Expectation fulfillment differed significantly with extent of preoperative expectations (Figure). Patients with average/high expectations had higher rates of unfulfillment compared to patients with low preoperative expectations (40-41% vs. 22%). Rates of surpassed expectations were highest in patients with low preoperative expectations (23%) compared to average (12%) or high (0%) preoperative expectations (p<.001). In multivariate regression, the greatest predictor of postoperative FP was the preoperative expectations score (p<.001), and lower preoperative expectations conferred a 3.2x (95% CI 1.6-6.2) greater likelihood of more expectations fulfilled (p=.001). Conclusion: Preoperative expectations were a significant predictor of expectation fulfillment after foot and ankle surgery. Lower preoperative expectations were associated with fulfilled or surpassed expectations after surgery, whereas high preoperative expectations were significantly more likely to be unmet. These findings may help guide whether patients’ expectations are realistic or inappropriate preoperatively. It is imperative for surgeons to consider and discuss patients’ expectations prior to surgery to ensure they have an appropriate understanding of their potential outcome. Further research should be directed to the extent that patients’ preoperative expectations can be modified in order to maximize postoperative satisfaction.

Symptom and Disability Measurement by Common Foot and Ankle–Specific Outcome Rating Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Sieradzki ◽  
Nicholas Larsen ◽  
Ivan Wong ◽  
Richard D. Ferkel
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Osteochondral Lesion ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Ankle Osteoarthritis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Relative Score ◽  
Specific Outcome

Background: Well-designed foot and ankle clinical outcomes research requires region-specific subjective outcome measures. Many foot and ankle–specific instruments are now available. Determining which instruments to choose is daunting. We present a patient survey to determine the most relevant questions pertaining to them. Methods: Sixteen foot and ankle–specific outcome instruments were chosen based on popularity, emphasizing valid, reliable, responsive scores. Subjective portions were consolidated and given to 109 patients with osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) (39), ankle instability (35), and ankle arthritis (35). Outcome instruments were measured according to 4 criteria: number of questions endorsed by 51%, number with high mean importance, number with low mean importance, and number with the highest-ranking frequency importance product. Instruments were then ranked based on relative score, with the highest scores indicating the instrument was the most useful for that sample. Results: The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) achieved the highest score in all 4 categories for OLT, followed by Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Foot and Ankle Score. The FAOS achieved the highest score in all 4 categories for ankle instability, followed by FAAM and AAOS. For osteoarthritis, the FAOS achieved the highest relative score followed by FAAM and AAOS. The AOF, Ankle Osteoarthritis Score, and AAS are instruments commonly used that had lower relative scores. Conclusion: The FAOS, FAAM, and AAOS Foot and Ankle Score contain several items important to patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus, ankle instability, and ankle osteoarthritis. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.

scholarly journals Corrigendum

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1050
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Study

Cody CA, Mancuso CA, Burket JC, et al. Patient factors associated with higher expectations from foot and ankle surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2017;38(5):472-478. (Original DOI: 10.1177/1071100717690807) In Table 2 of the above article, the authors reported that there was no significant difference in expectations scores between men and women. Repeat analysis of the data for a secondary study revealed that the data previously reported P value was erroneous and there was in fact a significant difference, with P = .026. All other previously reported results have been re-checked and there are no other errors.

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