Social Loafing with Robots – An Empirical Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Linda Onnasch ◽  
Terpsichore Panayotidis
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Social Loafing ◽  
Shared Task ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Parallel Tasks

Social loafing describes a phenomenon in human-human interaction of reduced effort when working in a team compared to working individually. With the increasing growth of human-robot teams, studying potential social loafing effects in human-robot interaction seems increasingly relevant. In a laboratory experiment, participants worked on two parallel tasks with a human or a robotic partner. The primary task was once completed coactively and once collectively with the respective partner and a shared task output. Performance measures revealed no effects regarding partner or working condition. However, subjective data revealed that participants invested the least effort when working collectively with the robot compared to working collectively with a human or in the coactive conditions. At the same time, the robot’s performance was perceived as worse compared to the human confederate’s performance. Based on the results we discuss that interacting with robots shares social facets of human teamwork but does not resemble it.

The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Stefan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio & Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.

scholarly journals Improving Human–Robot Interaction by Enhancing NAO Robot Awareness of Human Facial Expression

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6438
Author(s):  
Chiara Filippini ◽  
David Perpetuini ◽  
Daniela Cardone ◽  
Arcangelo Merla
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Interaction Field ◽  
Nao Robot

An intriguing challenge in the human–robot interaction field is the prospect of endowing robots with emotional intelligence to make the interaction more genuine, intuitive, and natural. A crucial aspect in achieving this goal is the robot’s capability to infer and interpret human emotions. Thanks to its design and open programming platform, the NAO humanoid robot is one of the most widely used agents for human interaction. As with person-to-person communication, facial expressions are the privileged channel for recognizing the interlocutor’s emotional expressions. Although NAO is equipped with a facial expression recognition module, specific use cases may require additional features and affective computing capabilities that are not currently available. This study proposes a highly accurate convolutional-neural-network-based facial expression recognition model that is able to further enhance the NAO robot’ awareness of human facial expressions and provide the robot with an interlocutor’s arousal level detection capability. Indeed, the model tested during human–robot interactions was 91% and 90% accurate in recognizing happy and sad facial expressions, respectively; 75% accurate in recognizing surprised and scared expressions; and less accurate in recognizing neutral and angry expressions. Finally, the model was successfully integrated into the NAO SDK, thus allowing for high-performing facial expression classification with an inference time of 0.34 ± 0.04 s.

Socially Embodied Human-Robot Interaction

2015 ◽  
pp. 169-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lindblom ◽  
B. Alenljung
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
Socially Interactive Robots

A fundamental challenge of human interaction with socially interactive robots, compared to other interactive products, comes from them being embodied. The embodied nature of social robots questions to what degree humans can interact ‘naturally' with robots, and what impact the interaction quality has on the user experience (UX). UX is fundamentally about emotions that arise and form in humans through the use of technology in a particular situation. This chapter aims to contribute to the field of human-robot interaction (HRI) by addressing, in further detail, the role and relevance of embodied cognition for human social interaction, and consequently what role embodiment can play in HRI, especially for socially interactive robots. Furthermore, some challenges for socially embodied interaction between humans and socially interactive robots are outlined and possible directions for future research are presented. It is concluded that the body is of crucial importance in understanding emotion and cognition in general, and, in particular, for a positive user experience to emerge when interacting with socially interactive robots.

scholarly journals Brain activity during reciprocal social interaction investigated using conversational robots as control condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1771) ◽  
pp. 20180033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Rauchbauer ◽  
Bruno Nazarian ◽  
Morgane Bourhis ◽  
Magalie Ochs ◽  
Laurent Prévot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction

We present a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm for second-person neuroscience. The paradigm compares a human social interaction (human–human interaction, HHI) to an interaction with a conversational robot (human–robot interaction, HRI). The social interaction consists of 1 min blocks of live bidirectional discussion between the scanned participant and the human or robot agent. A final sample of 21 participants is included in the corpus comprising physiological (blood oxygen level-dependent, respiration and peripheral blood flow) and behavioural (recorded speech from all interlocutors, eye tracking from the scanned participant, face recording of the human and robot agents) data. Here, we present the first analysis of this corpus, contrasting neural activity between HHI and HRI. We hypothesized that independently of differences in behaviour between interactions with the human and robot agent, neural markers of mentalizing (temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and medial prefrontal cortex) and social motivation (hypothalamus and amygdala) would only be active in HHI. Results confirmed significantly increased response associated with HHI in the TPJ, hypothalamus and amygdala, but not in the medial prefrontal cortex. Future analysis of this corpus will include fine-grained characterization of verbal and non-verbal behaviours recorded during the interaction to investigate their neural correlates. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human–robot interaction'.

scholarly journals Human Interaction Smart Subsystem—Extending Speech-Based Human-Robot Interaction Systems with an Implementation of External Smart Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Podpora ◽  
Arkadiusz Gardecki ◽  
Ryszard Beniak ◽  
Bartlomiej Klin ◽  
Jose Lopez Vicario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Systems Architecture ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Smart Infrastructure

This paper presents a more detailed concept of Human-Robot Interaction systems architecture. One of the main differences between the proposed architecture and other ones is the methodology of information acquisition regarding the robot’s interlocutor. In order to obtain as much information as possible before the actual interaction took place, a custom Internet-of-Things-based sensor subsystems connected to Smart Infrastructure was designed and implemented, in order to support the interlocutor identification and acquisition of initial interaction parameters. The Artificial Intelligence interaction framework of the developed robotic system (including humanoid Pepper with its sensors and actuators, additional local, remote and cloud computing services) is being extended with the use of custom external subsystems for additional knowledge acquisition: device-based human identification, visual identification and audio-based interlocutor localization subsystems. These subsystems were deeply introduced and evaluated in this paper, presenting the benefits of integrating them into the robotic interaction system. In this paper a more detailed analysis of one of the external subsystems—Bluetooth Human Identification Smart Subsystem—was also included. The idea, use case, and a prototype, integration of elements of Smart Infrastructure systems and the prototype implementation were performed in a small front office of the Weegree company as a decent test-bed application area.

Survey of Social Touch Interaction Between Humans and Robots

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Masahiro Shiomi ◽  
Hidenobu Sumioka ◽  
Hiroshi Ishiguro ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Topic ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Touch ◽  
Touch Interaction

In human-human interaction, social touch provides several merits, from both physical and mental perspectives. The physical existence of robots helps them reproduce human-like social touch, during their interaction with people. Such social touch shows positive effects, similar to those observed in human-human interaction. Therefore, social touch is a growing research topic in the field of human-robot interaction. This survey provides an overview of the work conducted so far on this topic.

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