The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Stefan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio & Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.

scholarly journals Puhetta koneista

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Tiina Männistö-Funk
Keyword(s):  
Speech Synthesis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Koneellisesti tuotettu puhe on sekä teknisesti että sosiaalisesti erityinen teknologian ominaisuus. Tässä artikkelissa esitetään, että puhuvia koneita on syytä tarkastella omana sosioteknisenä kategorianaan, koska ihmismäiseen puheeseen liittyy koneen ja käyttäjän suhteen näkökulmasta monia erityisiä kysymyksiä. Elottomia esineitä on saatu puhumaan esihistoriallisista ajoista lähtien erilaisten äänensiirtotekniikoiden avulla, 1700-luvulta lähtien puhesynteesin avulla ja 1800-luvun lopulta lähtien myös äänitetyn puheen keinoin. 1900-luvun mittaan puhuvista koneista tuli osa modernia, teknistynyttä ääniympäristöä, ja erilaisia puhuvia robotteja esitellään yhä lupauksina tulevaisuuden älykkäistä koneista.Puhuvat koneet herättävät kuitenkin helposti ärsytyksen kaltaisia negatiivisia tunteita. Outoutta tai kauhua on pohdittu ongelmina robottien kohtaamisessa, mutta puheen rooli konekohtaamisissa on jäänyt vähälle huomiolle. Puhe toimijuuden muotona merkitsee ihmisen ja koneen suhteen asettumista neuvottelun alaiseksi erityisellä tavalla, jota kulttuurin- ja historiantutkimus voivat auttaa ymmärtämään.Talk of machines: Theoretical Perspectives to Speech TechnologiesMachinically produced speech is a special technological feature, both technically and socially. This article proposes treating talking machines as a sociotechnical category of their own, in order to pay due attention to the role of human-like speech in the relationship of machines and users. Inanimate objects have been given the power of speech from prehistoric times by diverse techniques of acoustic transmission. From the 18th century onwards they have been made to talk by means of mechanical speech synthesis and from the late 19th century on also by making use of voice recording technologies. During the 20th century, talking machines became a part of the modern, technological soundscape.Talking robots are still being showcased as promises of future machine intelligence. However, talking machines easily induce negative feelings, such as annoyance. The feelings of horror and uncanniness have often been brought up as problems in human-robot interaction, but the role of speech in these encounters has not attracted much attention. Speech as a form of agency negotiates the relationship of humans and machines in specific ways, which cultural studies and historical research can help to understand.

scholarly journals Adopting the intentional stance toward natural and artificial agents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

In our daily lives, we need to predict and understand others’ behaviour in order to navigate through our social environment. Predictions concerning other humans’ behaviour usually refer to their mental states, such as beliefs or intentions. Such a predictive strategy is called adoption of the intentional stance. In this paper, we review literature related to the concept of intentional stance from the perspectives of philosophy, psychology, human development, culture and human-robot interaction. We propose that adopting the intentional stance might be a central factor in facilitating social attunement with artificial agents. The paper first reviews the theoretical considerations regarding the intentional stance, and examines literature related to the development of intentional stance across the life span. Subsequently, it discusses cultural norms as grounded in the intentional stance and finally, it focuses on the issue of adopting the intentional stance towards artificial agents, such as humanoid robots. At the dawn of the artificial intelligence era, the question of how (and when) we predict and explain robots’ behaviour by referring to mental states is of high interest. The paper concludes with the discussion of the ethical consequences of robots towards which we adopt the intentional stance, and sketches future directions in research on this topic.

scholarly journals Self-blame regret, fear of COVID-19 and mental health during post-peak pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacer Belen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The novel Coronavirus pandemic caused strong negative emotions including fear, and stress and impacted in mental health of individuals worldwide. One of the emotions linked with mental health and infectious disease is self-blame regret. Thus, current study investigated the role of fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress in the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. A community sample of 352 individuals in Turkey (71 % female and 29 % males), ranged between in age18 and 63 (M= 28.90±8.90), completed fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S), perceived stress (PSS-10), DASS-21 scales and responded to one item concerning the self-blame regret. Results demonstrated that self-blame regret is positively correlated with fear of COVID-19, perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, serial multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that both fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress mediated in the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. Findings and implications are discussed.

Theory of Mind and Humanoid Robots From a Lifespan Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Marchetti ◽  
Federico Manzi ◽  
Shoji Itakura ◽  
Davide Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This review focuses on some relevant issues concerning the relationship between theory of mind (ToM) and humanoid robots. Humanoid robots are employed in different everyday-life contexts, so it seems relevant to question whether the relationships between human beings and humanoids can be characterized by a mode of interaction typical of the relationships between human beings, that is, the attribution of mental states. Because ToM development continuously undergoes changes from early childhood to late adulthood, we adopted a lifespan perspective. We analyzed contributions from the literature by organizing them around the partition between “mental states and actions” and “human-like features.” Finally, we considered how studying human–robot interaction, within a ToM context, can contribute to our understanding of the intersubjective nature of this interaction.

scholarly journals Companion Animal Relationships and Adolescent Loneliness during COVID-19

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Megan K. Mueller ◽  
Amanda M. Richer ◽  
Kristina S. Callina ◽  
Linda Charmaraman
Keyword(s):  
Companion Animals ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
As Species ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

The pandemic associated with the emergence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an unprecedented historical event with the potential to significantly impact adolescent loneliness. This study aimed to explore the role of companion animals and attachment to pets in the context of the pandemic. We used longitudinal quantitative survey data collected prior to and during the pandemic to assess the role of pets in predicting adolescent loneliness. Pet ownership was not a significant predictor of loneliness before the pandemic, but did predict higher levels of loneliness during COVID-19 as well as higher increases in loneliness from before to during the pandemic. Dog ownership predicted lower levels of loneliness prior to, but not during the pandemic, and dog owners were significantly more attached to their pets than non-dog pet owners. Adolescents with pets reported spending more time with their pets during the pandemic, and frequently reported pet interactions as a strategy for coping with stress. Overall, the results from this study did not support the presence of a buffering effect of companion animals on loneliness for adolescents and indicate complexity in the relationships between pet ownership, attachment, loneliness, and coping with stress. These results suggest a need for additional research further assessing how features of the relationship such as species and relationship quality might contribute to adolescent mental health outcomes.

scholarly journals “I See What You Did There”

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Bob R. Schadenberg ◽  
Dennis Reidsma ◽  
Dirk K. J. Heylen ◽  
Vanessa Evers
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Interaction Study ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
The Relationship

Unpredictability in robot behaviour can cause difficulties in interacting with robots. However, for social interactions with robots, a degree of unpredictability in robot behaviour may be desirable for facilitating engagement and increasing the attribution of mental states to the robot. To generate a better conceptual understanding of predictability, we looked at two facets of predictability, namely, the ability to predict robot actions and the association of predictability as an attribute of the robot. We carried out a video human-robot interaction study where we manipulated whether participants could either see the cause of a robot’s responsive action or could not see this, because there was no cause, or because we obstructed the visual cues. Our results indicate that when the cause of the robot’s responsive actions was not visible, participants rated the robot as more unpredictable and less competent, compared to when it was visible. The relationship between seeing the cause of the responsive actions and the attribution of competence was partially mediated by the attribution of unpredictability to the robot. We argue that the effects of unpredictability may be mitigated when the robot identifies when a person may not be aware of what the robot wants to respond to and uses additional actions to make its response predictable.

scholarly journals Trust as Extended Control: Human-Machine Interactions as Active Inference

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Schoeller ◽  
Mark Miller ◽  
Roy Salomon ◽  
Karl J. Friston
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Virtual Control ◽  
Mutual Knowledge

In order to interact seamlessly with robots, users must infer the causes of a robot’s behavior–and be confident about that inference (and its predictions). Hence, trust is a necessary condition for human-robot collaboration (HRC). However, and despite its crucial role, it is still largely unknown how trust emerges, develops, and supports human relationship to technological systems. In the following paper we review the literature on trust, human-robot interaction, HRC, and human interaction at large. Early models of trust suggest that it is a trade-off between benevolence and competence; while studies of human to human interaction emphasize the role of shared behavior and mutual knowledge in the gradual building of trust. We go on to introduce a model of trust as an agent’ best explanation for reliable sensory exchange with an extended motor plant or partner. This model is based on the cognitive neuroscience of active inference and suggests that, in the context of HRC, trust can be casted in terms of virtual control over an artificial agent. Interactive feedback is a necessary condition to the extension of the trustor’s perception-action cycle. This model has important implications for understanding human-robot interaction and collaboration–as it allows the traditional determinants of human trust, such as the benevolence and competence attributed to the trustee, to be defined in terms of hierarchical active inference, while vulnerability can be described in terms of information exchange and empowerment. Furthermore, this model emphasizes the role of user feedback during HRC and suggests that boredom and surprise may be used in personalized interactions as markers for under and over-reliance on the system. The description of trust as a sense of virtual control offers a crucial step toward grounding human factors in cognitive neuroscience and improving the design of human-centered technology. Furthermore, we examine the role of shared behavior in the genesis of trust, especially in the context of dyadic collaboration, suggesting important consequences for the acceptability and design of human-robot collaborative systems.

Finding “H” in HRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Anshu Saxena Arora ◽  
Mayumi Fleming ◽  
Amit Arora ◽  
Vas Taras ◽  
Jiajun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Collaborative Robotics ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
The Relationship

The study examines the relationship between the big five personality traits (extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) and robot likeability and successful HRI implementation in varying human-robot interaction (HRI) situations. Further, this research investigates the influence of human-like attributes in robots (a.k.a. robotic anthropomorphism) on the likeability of robots. The research found that robotic anthropomorphism positively influences the relationship between human personality variables (e.g., extraversion and agreeableness) and robot likeability in human interaction with social robots. Further, anthropomorphism positively influences extraversion and robot likeability during industrial robotic interactions with humans. Extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism were found to play a significant role. This research bridges the gap by providing an in-depth understanding of the big five human personality traits, robotic anthropomorphism, and robot likeability in social-collaborative robotics.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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