The Effects of Keyboard Layout and Size on Smartphone Typing Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 985-989
Author(s):  
Colton J. Turner ◽  
Barbara S. Chaparro ◽  
Inga M. Sogaard ◽  
Jibo He
Keyword(s):  
Error Rates ◽  
Hand Posture ◽  
Standard Keyboard ◽  
Keyboard Layout

Usability and typing performance on a smartphone with two unique QWERTY keyboard layouts (standard vs. curved) on two phone sizes (4.0-inch vs. 5.5-inch displays) was investigated in this study. The effect of hand posture was also investigated (one- vs. two-thumbs). Results show users typed the slowest when using one thumb with the curved keyboard on the small phone (15 WPM), and the fastest when using two thumbs with the standard keyboard on the large phone (24 WPM). Typing performance with the curved keyboard on the large phone size (19 WPM) did not differ between typing with one thumb using the standard keyboard on the large or small phone, or with two thumbs using the standard keyboard on the small phone. Error rates were higher when using the curved keyboard, regardless of phone size. Subjectively, the curved keyboard was rated inferior for both phone sizes in comparison to the standard layout.

scholarly journals Are Split Tablet Keyboards Better? A Study of Soft Keyboard Layout and Hand Posture

2019 ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bekken Aschim ◽  
Julie Lidahl Gjerstad ◽  
Lars Vidar Lien ◽  
Rukaiya Tahsin ◽  
Frode Eika Sandnes
Keyword(s):  
Hand Posture ◽  
Keyboard Layout

Typealike

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (ISS) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Nalin Chhibber ◽  
Hemant Bhaskar Surale ◽  
Fabrice Matulic ◽  
Daniel Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Formation Time ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Hand Posture ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Time Usage ◽  
Hands On

We propose a style of hand postures to trigger commands on a laptop. The key idea is to perform hand-postures while keeping the hands on, beside, or below the keyboard, to align with natural laptop usage. 36 hand-posture variations are explored considering three resting locations, left or right hand, open or closed hand, and three wrist rotation angles. A 30-participant formative study measures posture preferences and generates a dataset of nearly 350K images under different lighting conditions and backgrounds. A deep learning recognizer achieves over 97% accuracy when classifying all 36 postures with 2 additional non-posture classes for typing and non-typing. A second experiment with 20 participants validates the recognizer under real-time usage and compares posture invocation time with keyboard shortcuts. Results find low error rates and fast formation time, indicating postures are close to current typing and pointing postures. Finally, practical use case demonstrations are presented, and further extensions discussed.

Optimized Keyboard Labeling for Visually Guided Keying: Fitts' Law Fits Poorly

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-601
Author(s):  
Ron Noel
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Automated Design ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Standard Keyboard ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Keyboard Layout

The labeling of the conventional keyboard results in reasonably efficient keying speed for two-handed touch typing. The efficiency comes from successive keystrokes having a high probability of falling to opposite hands with the fastest keying times, and a low probability for falling to the same finger with the slowest keying times. A side effect of the labeling is that the keyboard distance between successive keystrokes is magnified. Modes of keyboard interaction that use visually guided pointing are at a distinct disadvantage. The conventional labeling maximizes movement distance and therefore movement time (reducing keying speeds) according to Fitts' Law. This study creates and uses automated design utilities to maximize the speed of keying for Fitts' devices. Two keyboard layout options are considered, the standard keyboard and a square matrix layout. The optimized designs decrease movement distance by 50 percent over the conventional labeling, but with little change in estimated keying performance.

Perceptual Characteristics of Consonant Production in Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1411-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Bislick ◽  
William D. Hula
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Syllable Position

Purpose This retrospective analysis examined group differences in error rate across 4 contextual variables (clusters vs. singletons, syllable position, number of syllables, and articulatory phonetic features) in adults with apraxia of speech (AOS) and adults with aphasia only. Group differences in the distribution of error type across contextual variables were also examined. Method Ten individuals with acquired AOS and aphasia and 11 individuals with aphasia participated in this study. In the context of a 2-group experimental design, the influence of 4 contextual variables on error rate and error type distribution was examined via repetition of 29 multisyllabic words. Error rates were analyzed using Bayesian methods, whereas distribution of error type was examined via descriptive statistics. Results There were 4 findings of robust differences between the 2 groups. These differences were found for syllable position, number of syllables, manner of articulation, and voicing. Group differences were less robust for clusters versus singletons and place of articulation. Results of error type distribution show a high proportion of distortion and substitution errors in speakers with AOS and a high proportion of substitution and omission errors in speakers with aphasia. Conclusion Findings add to the continued effort to improve the understanding and assessment of AOS and aphasia. Several contextual variables more consistently influenced breakdown in participants with AOS compared to participants with aphasia and should be considered during the diagnostic process. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9701690

The Latin Square Task as a Measure of Relational Reasoning

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke J. Hearne ◽  
Damian P. Birney ◽  
Luca Cocchi ◽  
Jason B. Mattingley
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract. The Latin Square Task (LST) is a relational reasoning paradigm developed by Birney, Halford, and Andrews (2006) . Previous work has shown that the LST elicits typical reasoning complexity effects, such that increases in complexity are associated with decrements in task accuracy and increases in response times. Here we modified the LST for use in functional brain imaging experiments, in which presentation durations must be strictly controlled, and assessed its validity and reliability. Modifications included presenting the components within each trial serially, such that the reasoning and response periods were separated. In addition, the inspection time for each LST problem was constrained to five seconds. We replicated previous findings of higher error rates and slower response times with increasing relational complexity and observed relatively large effect sizes (η2p > 0.70, r > .50). Moreover, measures of internal consistency and test-retest reliability confirmed the stability of the LST within and across separate testing sessions. Interestingly, we found that limiting the inspection time for individual problems in the LST had little effect on accuracy relative to the unconstrained times used in previous work, a finding that is important for future brain imaging experiments aimed at investigating the neural correlates of relational reasoning.

Does Viotin Activate Violin More Than Viocin?

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Victoria Panadero
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
Young Readers

The vast majority of neural and computational models of visual-word recognition assume that lexical access is achieved via the activation of abstract letter identities. Thus, a word’s overall shape should play no role in this process. In the present lexical decision experiment, we compared word-like pseudowords like viotín (same shape as its base word: violín) vs. viocín (different shape) in mature (college-aged skilled readers), immature (normally reading children), and immature/impaired (young readers with developmental dyslexia) word-recognition systems. Results revealed similar response times (and error rates) to consistent-shape and inconsistent-shape pseudowords for both adult skilled readers and normally reading children – this is consistent with current models of visual-word recognition. In contrast, young readers with developmental dyslexia made significantly more errors to viotín-like pseudowords than to viocín-like pseudowords. Thus, unlike normally reading children, young readers with developmental dyslexia are sensitive to a word’s visual cues, presumably because of poor letter representations.

The effect of interruptions and global placekeeping on postcompletion error rates

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Chen ◽  
Raj M. Ratwani ◽  
J. Gregory Trafton
Keyword(s):  
Error Rates

Interactions Between Hand Posture and Eye Movement

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihyun Suh ◽  
Richard A. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Hand Posture
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