Ethical Decision Making Under Time Pressure: An Online Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 601-605
Author(s):  
Sarah Yahoodik ◽  
Siby Samuel ◽  
Yusuke Yamani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Lane

Although research in Psychology and Philosophy indicates people’s preference for utilitarian ethics, how people respond to ethically fraught scenarios under time pressure is unclear. In this online experiment, 61 participants viewed videos of a simulated automated vehicle (AV) as it drove in the right lane on a four-lane road and were instructed to intervene if they thought that the vehicle should move to the left lane. At a crosswalk, five pedestrian avatars appeared one, two, or three seconds before projected impact either in the path of the vehicle or the left lane, with a single pedestrian appearing in the opposite lane half the time. Participants avoided the group of five (utilitarian response) but were more likely to veer into the group of five pedestrians at one second before impact than longer durations, violating utilitarian ethics under time pressure. This suggests limited ability to respond to ethical scenarios when taking over AV control at short notice.

scholarly journals Ethical Decision-Making in Humanitarian Medicine: How Best to Prepare?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kadri Simm
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Ethics Training ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Medical Response

ABSTRACT Ethical decision-making during humanitarian medical response is a topic of great moral as well as practical importance. The context of humanitarian disasters, often characterized by acute time-pressure, lack of resources, the unfamiliarity of circumstances, is stressful for medical professionals. The overall aim of this article is pragmatic, to introduce briefly the importance and context for preparing medical disaster response personnel for ethical decision-making and then to provide a discussion case and explain the particular value-reflection methodology. The focus of methodology is on providing space for the emotional and stressful aspects of ethics training for disasters.

Hunt-Vitell’s General Theory of Marketing Ethics Predicts ‘Attitude-Behaviour’ Gap in Pro-Environmental Domain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Zaikauskaite ◽  
Gemma Butler ◽  
Nurul F. S. Helmi ◽  
Charlotte L. Robinson ◽  
Dimitrios Tsivrikos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Marketing Ethics ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Domain ◽  
The Us ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

The inconsistency between pro-environmental attitudes and behaviour, known as the ‘attitude-behaviour’ gap, is not uncommon to ethical decision-making, however it’s exceptionally pronounced in scenarios associated with ‘green’ choice. Despite existing research offering numerous attempts to investigate the causes of the ‘attitude-behaviour’ gap in the pro-environmental domain, it is surprising that the major factors driving the ‘attitude-behaviour’ gap are still unknown. Therefore, we have grounded this study in Hunt-Vitell’s moral philosophy-based framework of ethical decision-making, which assumes morality as the central force impacting one’s behaviour and tested its effectiveness in predicting pro-environmental intentions vs. behaviours. The results from an online study of 612 MTurk participants from the US revealed that participants’ decision-making indeed depended on deontological and teleological framing of pro-environmental scenarios, and this in turn predicted the declining relationship between intention vs. behaviour. These findings suggest that morality is central to pro-environmental decision-making, and the ‘attitude-behaviour’ gap is the result of the disintegrated effects of moral dimension. For this reason, strengthening the impact of morality could be sufficient for aligning intentions with behaviours and thus closing the ‘attitude-behaviour’ gap.

Tele-Ethics in Communication Disorders: Asking the Right Questions, Finding the Right Answers

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kellyn Dailey Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Delivery Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Decision Making Model

Purpose: A hypothetical case is used to illustrate legal and ethical issues involving the decision to replace the traditional in-person service delivery model with telepractice in schools beyond the context of the initial COVID-19 health emergency. In this clinical focus article, the reader follows Maria, the lead speech-language pathologist (SLP) in the district, as she determines the feasibility of continuing telepractice in her district now that students and clinicians are returning to schools. First, she considers the support needed to implement this service delivery model within the school setting given the anticipated changes to the rules and regulations governing lawful and ethical provision of telepractice after the health emergency ends. Next, she decides if telepractice is warranted in the district by considering the rationales behind the requests. Faced with balancing school, student, and clinician needs, Maria uses an ethical decision-making model to determine if requests for telepractice, tied to health safety concerns and potentially influenced by implicit bias, reflect legal, ethical, and/or moral issues driven by fear or unconscious discriminatory motives. Conclusions: The health emergency gave SLPs working in schools the unique opportunity to experience the benefits and utility of telepractice. Following the return to schools, continuation of telepractice services will require support and training of SLPs. Many factors must be considered including equivalency of services, technology, and protection of privacy as they relate to the changes to the laws and regulations governing telepractice after the health emergency allowances end. Of primary importance is the selection of telepractice to address student needs, not to avoid specific schools because of their characteristics or location. An ethical decision-making model can be used as a framework to guide service delivery model decisions that balance the needs of the student, the clinician, and the district.

scholarly journals Organizational Culture and Ethics in Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Bibiana Anak Manggai ◽  
Kassim Bin Thukiman ◽  
Muhammad Fauzi bin Othman ◽  
Muhammad Khairi bin Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Right

Malaysia was recorded outnumber of accidents in the world. The traffic Police is the responsible body for  ensuring to maintain the law on the road which assists the public for smooth travelling The media reports stated that the traffic police uses their power in wrong ways and is showing not profession with their duties. This happens due to lack of organizational culture among civil servants which are not practiced in the right ways according to the justice and their professions.  Therefore, this article focuses on the organizational culture that should be practiced and the decisions that need to be practiced. Further, the ethical factors based decisions should be performed by traffic police. The topic selected will expect to improve the organizational culture and an ethical decision making among law’s practitioner and traffic police. In addition, the positive view can also give to the public on the ethical decision making that could be practiced by traffic police. In conclusion, the improvement of organizational culture should be refined to produce law practitioners and implementers in ethical especially for civil servants in decision-making.  

scholarly journals Impact of Environmental, Demographical and Personal Factors on Auditors’ Ethical Decision Making in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-58
Author(s):  
Temitope Olamide Fagbemi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Personal Orientation

AbstractThis research introduces organization and personal dimensions to the study of ethics amid the adverse reactions of the users of the financial statements to a business fiasco. Using survey research design, a sample of one hundred and thirty-eight audit firms was taken while Probit analysis was used in testing the propositions made. Findings indicate that knowledge of the client industry and government policy are vital in shaping ethical decision making. It was concluded that environmental uncertainties and personal orientation of the auditor offers explanations to the dilemma and decision making of the auditor. Thus, it is suggested that a critical review of audit personnel characteristics and the technological environment would be a step in the right direction if the ethical dilemma is to be minimized.

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