Feigned Adjudicative Incompetence

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rogers ◽  
Emily V. Robinson ◽  
Sarah A. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Standardized Assessment ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Jail Detainees ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Detection Strategies

Psychological assessments are highly dependent on the forthrightness and sincere efforts of examinees. In particular, evaluations in forensic settings must consider whether feigning or other response styles are utilized to intentionally distort the clinical presentation. The current study examines the effectiveness of the Inventory of Legal Knowledge (ILK) at detecting feigned incompetency within a sample of jail detainees. As an ancillary goal, several scales of the Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities were included in the same within-subjects simulation design. Results of the total ILK score raised concerns regarding the mischaracterization of genuine offenders as “suggestive of feigning.” Pending cross-validation, however, a Revised ILK proved highly effective, using a floor effect detection strategy. Although intended for Miranda-specific abilities, several detection strategies on the Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities appeared to be very promising within a broadened context of feigned incompetency.

Dodging Self-Incriminations: An Examination of Feigned Miranda Abilities on the SAMA

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rogers ◽  
Sarah A. Henry ◽  
Allyson J. Sharf ◽  
Emily V. Robinson ◽  
Margot M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Assessment ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Jail Detainees ◽  
Forensic Assessments ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Detection Strategies ◽  
Genuine Effort

Forensic assessments must always consider whether examinees are putting forth genuine effort or seeking to feign legally relevant incapacities. Miranda abilities are no exception when a putatively invalid Miranda waiver might result in the full suppression of an outright confession. Using a within-subjects simulation design, jail detainees were administered a representative Miranda warning and two Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities (SAMA) measures: Miranda Vocabulary Scale and Miranda Quiz. As expected, detainees have no difficulty in feigning severe deficits in their recall of the Miranda warning and portraying markedly impaired abilities on both SAMA measures. However, using floor-effect detection strategies, several feigning indicators proved effective at identifying likely feigned Miranda abilities. As an ancillary issue, the Inventory of Legal Knowledge was found to be very effective using both the traditional and revised scoring.

Embedded WAIS-IV Detection Strategies and Feigned Cognitive Impairment: An Investigation of Malingered ADHD

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Richard Rogers ◽  
Sarah F. Velsor ◽  
John W. Donnelly ◽  
Brittney Dean
Keyword(s):  
Academic Accommodations ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Chance Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Adhd Medications ◽  
Detection Strategies

Malingered attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be strongly motivated on college campuses by recreational use of ADHD medications and to obtain unwarranted academic accommodations. Rather than rely on face-valid (easily faked) ADHD checklists, the study focused on the more complex Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth edition (WAIS-IV; Wechsler, 2008). However, the current literature has not yet investigated well-defined detection strategies for feigned WAIS-IV presentations. Using aprioristic standards, four different detection strategies from the feigning literature were adapted to certain WAIS-IV subscales. For example, significantly below-chance performance was applied to visual puzzles. Using a between-subjects simulation design, 74 undergraduate simulators were compared with archival data on 73 outpatients diagnosed with ADHD at a university psychology clinic. Very large effect sizes (Cohen’s ds from 1.66 to 1.90) differentiated between genuine and feigned ADHD. Two strategies (significantly below-chance performance and floor effect) showed strong promise if cross-validated for other feigning presentations. The study concluded with clinical considerations and future avenues for research.

scholarly journals Feigned Miranda Impairment by Legally Involved Juveniles: The Vulnerability of Forensic Measures and the Development of Effective Screens

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1269-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rogers ◽  
Allyson J. Sharf ◽  
Sarah A. Henry ◽  
Eric Y. Drogin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Miranda Rights ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Adjudicated Adolescents ◽  
Detection Strategies ◽  
Very High

Forensic studies have almost entirely neglected research on adolescent offenders and their abilities to engage in malingering and other forms of deception. The present research represents the first empirical investigation into feigned Miranda-specific impairment by legally involved juveniles. Feigners ( n = 62) were compared with archival data ( n = 245) under genuine conditions. With virtually no preparation, juveniles effectively feigned major impairment on the Miranda Rights Comprehension Instruments (MRCI) and most aggregate scores of the Juvenile Miranda Quiz (JMQ). Based on established detection strategies, feigning scales were examined for both the MRCI and JMQ. Consistent with adult detainee research, the JMQ floor effect (JMQ FE) yielded good sensitivities and very high specificities. Low scale scores on the MRCI Comprehension of Miranda Rights–Recognition-II (CMR-R-II) evidenced strong promise at identifying potential feigners for more extensive evaluations. As discussed, forensic evaluators cannot afford to ignore feigned legal incapacities when examining pre-adjudicated adolescents.

Does Item Order Affect Performance on Multiple-Choice Exams?

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene L. Neely ◽  
Frederick J. Springston ◽  
Stewart J. H. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Order Interaction ◽  
Item Order ◽  
Anxiety Item ◽  
Within Subjects

Balch (1989) reported that students scored higher on multiple-choice exams when item order was sequenced (S) than when it was random (R). To provide cross-validation and to determine whether test anxiety interacts with order formats, three experiments were conducted with a total of 253 introductory psychology students. In two experiments, students were randomly assigned S-or R-format tests. A third experiment used a within-subjects design and a two-part testing procedure with counterbalanced S and R formats. A significant Anxiety × Item Order interaction was detected in one experiment, but no evidence was found for superior performance on S-format tests in any of the three experiments. Concern with practical ramifications of Balch's findings may be unwarranted.

Malingering and Defensiveness on the Spanish Personality Assessment Inventory: An Initial Investigation with Mostly Spanish-Speaking Outpatients

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1175
Author(s):  
Amor A. Correa ◽  
Richard Rogers ◽  
Margot M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Cut Scores ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Validity Indicators ◽  
Negative Impression

Psychological assessments can be essentially invalidated by examinees’ intentional response styles, such as feigning (i.e., fabrication or marked overreporting of symptoms/impairment) and defensiveness (i.e., denial or minimization of symptoms/impairment). As a psychometric strength, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) has established validity indicators for identifying both response styles. With the United States’ increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, predominantly Spanish-speaking individuals are now estimated in the range of 15 million persons. Unfortunately, very little research has been conducted on the Spanish-translated PAI regarding its effectiveness in clinical populations. Using a between-subjects design, a sample of mostly Spanish-speaking outpatients was randomly assigned to genuine, feigning, or defensive conditions. For feigning, PAI malingering indicators using rare symptoms strategies (i.e., Negative Impression [NIM] and Negative Distortion [NDS] scales) demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes. For defensiveness, the Defensive (DEF) index proved the most effective with a very large effect size ( M = 1.68). Different cut scores were examined to increase the clinical utility of the Spanish PAI for determining response styles.

Jansky-Bielschowsky syndrome, a lysosomal disease: First diagnosed cash in Oman

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 632-633
Author(s):  
Line Buhl ◽  
David Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis ◽  
Infantile Form ◽  
Lysosomal Disease ◽  
Juvenile Form ◽  
Progressive Encephalopathy ◽  
Lysosomal Diseases

There are four lysosomal diseases of which the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is the rarest. The clinical presentation and their characteric abnormal ultrastructure subdivide them into four types. These are known as the Infantile form (Santavuori-Haltia), Late infantile form (Jansky-Bielschowsky), Juvenile form (Batten-Spielmeyer-Voght) and the Adult form (Kuph's).An 8 year old Omani girl presented wth myclonic jerks since the age of 4 years, with progressive encephalopathy, mental retardation, ataxia and loss of vision. An ophthalmoscopy was performed followed by rectal suction biopsies (fig. 1). A previous sibling had died of an undiagnosed neurological disorder with a similar clinical picture.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

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