Malingering and Defensiveness on the Spanish Personality Assessment Inventory: An Initial Investigation with Mostly Spanish-Speaking Outpatients

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1175
Author(s):  
Amor A. Correa ◽  
Richard Rogers ◽  
Margot M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Cut Scores ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Validity Indicators ◽  
Negative Impression

Psychological assessments can be essentially invalidated by examinees’ intentional response styles, such as feigning (i.e., fabrication or marked overreporting of symptoms/impairment) and defensiveness (i.e., denial or minimization of symptoms/impairment). As a psychometric strength, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) has established validity indicators for identifying both response styles. With the United States’ increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, predominantly Spanish-speaking individuals are now estimated in the range of 15 million persons. Unfortunately, very little research has been conducted on the Spanish-translated PAI regarding its effectiveness in clinical populations. Using a between-subjects design, a sample of mostly Spanish-speaking outpatients was randomly assigned to genuine, feigning, or defensive conditions. For feigning, PAI malingering indicators using rare symptoms strategies (i.e., Negative Impression [NIM] and Negative Distortion [NDS] scales) demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes. For defensiveness, the Defensive (DEF) index proved the most effective with a very large effect size ( M = 1.68). Different cut scores were examined to increase the clinical utility of the Spanish PAI for determining response styles.

The Personality Assessment Inventory with chronic pain patients: Psychometric properties and clinical utility

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Karlin ◽  
Suzannah K. Creech ◽  
Jeffrey S. Grimes ◽  
Timothy S. Clark ◽  
Mary W. Meagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients

scholarly journals The Personality Assessment Inventory Alcohol Scale in Veterans With PTSD: Convergent and Discriminant Relations With the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

Assessment ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727
Author(s):  
Dan V. Blalock ◽  
Sarah M. Wilson ◽  
Eric A. Dedert ◽  
Carolina P. Clancy ◽  
Michael A. Hertzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Cut Scores ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Valid Assessment

In this study, we examined the validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory Alcohol (ALC) scale in 736 male veterans presenting for formal evaluation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The ALC scale exhibited convergence with other measures of alcohol problems, and this convergence was similar for veterans with and without formal PTSD diagnosis. When predicting alcohol consumption via the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the ALC scale also displayed substantial incremental validity over the effects of demographics and MMPI-2 MacAndrew Alcohol Scale. Using a standard alcohol consumption cut score on the AUDIT, the ALC scale displayed good specificity and (generally) good sensitivity across three common cut scores. PTSD severity did not significantly affect the association between the ALC composite and alcohol consumption via the AUDIT. Taken together, results suggested that the ALC can provide valid assessment of alcohol use among treatment seeking veterans.

Correlations between the Hand Test Pathology Score and Personality Assessment Inventory Scales for Pain Clinic Patients

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1377-1378
Author(s):  
James M. George ◽  
Edwin E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Hand Test ◽  
Negative Impression ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Pain Patients

Pearson correlations between the Hand Test Pathology (PATH) score and Personality Assessment Inventory scales produced a cluster of relationships characteristic of an antisocial orientation. Likewise, PATH significantly differentiated between a “P” (Pathology) group flagged by a high Negative Impression score on the inventory, and an “N” (Normal) group of 100 pain patients. It was suggested that the interpretive simplicity of Hand Test scores renders the scores amenable to further correlational studies involving the inventory.

The Detection of Feigned Disabilities

Assessment ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rogers ◽  
Nathan D. Gillard ◽  
Chelsea N. Wooley ◽  
Colin A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Cut Scores ◽  
Severe Psychopathology ◽  
Negative Impression ◽  
Positive Results

Research on feigned mental disorders indicates that severe psychopathology coupled with significant trauma histories often complicate feigning determinations, resulting in inaccuracies on otherwise effective measures. As part of malingering assessments, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is often used because of its excellent validation and the availability of three feigning indicators (Negative Impression, Malingering Index, and Rogers Discriminant Function), which have evidenced large effect sizes and clinically useful cut scores. The current study examined the effectiveness of the PAI in a traumatized inpatient sample using a between-subjects simulation design. Although Negative Impression appeared affected by trauma—especially in conjunction with dissociative symptoms—very positive results were found for Malingering Index and Rogers Discriminant Function. They remained relatively unelevated under honest conditions, despite posttraumatic stress disorder and extensive comorbidity. Using single-point cut scores provided moderately good classification of feigned and genuine PAI profiles. For purposes of classification, the authors operationally defined small indeterminate groups that were considered too close to classify (i.e., ±5T of the cut scores). With indeterminate cases removed, the overall classification rates improved modestly. However, the more important finding involved the error rates for the indeterminate group, which exceeded 50%. Directions for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals A-211 Examination of the Personality Assessment Inventory and Performance Validity Tests: Correlation between Response Styles, Performance Effort, and Somatic Complaint

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1006
Author(s):  
Chan C ◽  
Roth J ◽  
Roberts J ◽  
Getz G
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Validity Tests ◽  
Performance Validity Tests

Abstract Objective Correlation between the performance validity measures from the Advanced Clinical Solution (ACS) package and select scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) were examined to investigate relationships between performance effort and response styles involving negative impression (NIM), inconsistency (ICN), infrequency (INF), and somatic compliant (SOM) scales. Theoretical differences between symptom validity based on self-report questionnaires and credibility of performance on a performance validity tests (PVTs) were considered. Method Archival data from clinical neuropsychological evaluations between the years 2015–2018 were reviewed, and 120 consecutive adult cases involving 68 males and 52 females between the ages of 19–69 were collected. Examined measures included: ACS—Word Choice Test (WCT), Reliable Digit Span, Visual Reproduction II Recognition, Logical Memory II Recognition, and the PAI. Spearman’s rank-order correlation and point-biserial correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between variables. Results WCT had significant negative correlations with the NIM scale (rs(118) = −.203, p = .013). Modest correlations were found between SOM and WCT when examining PVT raw score (rs (118) = −.192, p = .018) and base rate performance (rs(118) = −.222, p = .007). Point-biserial serial analysis found a weak negative correlation between performance credibility and the SOM scale, which was statistically significant (rpb = −.221, n = 120, p = .008). Conclusions NIM T-scores appear to be correlated with lower performance on the WCT, suggesting that an exaggerated or distorted impression of the self is associated with higher risk of poorer performance the stand-alone PVT. Correlation between embedded PVTs and PAI scales were inconsistent.

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