scholarly journals Pericytes Make Spinal Cord Breathless after Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviani M. Almeida ◽  
Ana E. Paiva ◽  
Isadora F. G. Sena ◽  
Akiva Mintz ◽  
Luiz Alexandre V. Magno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Specific Proteins

Traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that leads to significant neurological deficits and reduced quality of life. Therapeutic interventions after spinal cord lesions are designed to address multiple aspects of the secondary damage. However, the lack of detailed knowledge about the cellular and molecular changes that occur after spinal cord injury restricts the design of effective treatments. Li and colleagues using a rat model of spinal cord injury and in vivo microscopy reveal that pericytes play a key role in the regulation of capillary tone and blood flow in the spinal cord below the site of the lesion. Strikingly, inhibition of specific proteins expressed by pericytes after spinal cord injury diminished hypoxia and improved motor function and locomotion of the injured rats. This work highlights a novel central cellular population that might be pharmacologically targeted in patients with spinal cord trauma. The emerging knowledge from this research may provide new approaches for the treatment of spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Promotes Spinal Cord Injury Repair  by Inhibiting BSCB Disruption In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Luo ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Jiheng Zhan ◽  
Yonghui Hou ◽  
Jiyao Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Sodium Tanshinone Iia Sulfonate

Abstract Background:Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to microvascular damage and the destruction of blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB), which progresses to secondary injuries like apoptosis and necrosis of neurons and glia, culminating in permanent neurological deficits. BSCB restoration is the primary goal of SCI therapy, although very few drugs can repair the damaged barrier structure and permeability. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is commonly used to treat cardiovascular disease. We found that STS restored BSCB integrity and promoted microvessel recovery 7 days after SCI in a mouse model. However, the therapeutic effects of STS on damaged BSCB in the early stage of SCI remained uncertain. Methods: we exposed spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells (SCMECs) to H2O2 and treated them with different doses of STS. The mice received intraperitoneal injection of STS after SCI in vivo model. Spinal cord tissue was taken 1 and 3d post-SCI. HE, Nissl staining, BSCB permeability, and the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ), MMP2, MMP9, NeuN, and C-caspase-3 were analyzed.Results: In addition to protecting the cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis, STS also reduced cellular permeability. In the in vivo model of SCI as well, STS reduced BSCB permeability, relieved tissue edema and hemorrhage, suppressed MMPs activation and prevented TJ and AJ the loss of proteins. Conclusions:Our findings indicate that STS treatment promotes SCI recovery, and should be investigated further as a drug candidate against traumatic SCI.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Neuroprotective Effects of S/B Remedy (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium Willd) in Spinal Cord Injury

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Hsi Tu ◽  
Dann-Ying Liou ◽  
Di-You Lin ◽  
Hsin-Chun Yang ◽  
Ching-Jung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Cord Injury

The main causes of dysfunction after a spinal cord injury (SCI) include primary and secondary injuries that occur during the first minutes, hours, to days after injury. This treatable secondary cascade provides a window of opportunity for delivering therapeutic interventions. An S/B remedy (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium Willd) has anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anticarcinogenic effects in liver or neurodegenerative diseases. The present work examined the effect of S/B on injured spinal cord neurons in cultures and in vivo. S/B effectively reduced peroxide toxicity and lipopolysaccharide stimulation in both spinal cord neuron/glial and microglial cultures with the involvement of PKC and HSP70. The effect of S/B was further conducted in contusive SCI rats. Intraperitoneal injections of S/B to SCI rats preserved spinal cord tissues and effectively attenuated microglial activation. Consistently, S/B treatment significantly improved hindlimb functions of SCI rats. In the acute stage of injury, S/B treatment markedly reduced the levels of ED1 expression and lactate and had a tendency to decrease lipid peroxidation. Taken together, we demonstrated long-term hindlimb restoration alongside histological improvements with systemic S/B remedy treatment in a clinically relevant model of contusive SCI. Our findings highlight the potential of an S/B remedy for acute therapeutic intervention after SCI.

Rehabilitation of the canine patient following spinal cord injury: a practical guide

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Cheryl Corral
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Physical Therapies

This article forms part of a series exploring the rehabilitation of the canine shoulder, elbow, back, hip and stifle following injury or disease. Discussed here are different rehabilitation techniques used to address neurological deficits, pain and weakness following spinal injury, including physical therapies, electrotherapies and acupuncture.

scholarly journals Spinal‐Cord Injury Treatment: Effective Modulation of CNS Inhibitory Microenvironment using Bioinspired Hybrid‐Nanoscaffold‐Based Therapeutic Interventions (Adv. Mater. 43/2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (43) ◽  
pp. 2070325
Author(s):  
Letao Yang ◽  
Brian M. Conley ◽  
Susana R. Cerqueira ◽  
Thanapat Pongkulapa ◽  
Shenqiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Injury Treatment

scholarly journals A Collagen-Based Scaffold for Promoting Neural Plasticity in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2245
Author(s):  
Jue-Zong Yeh ◽  
Ding-Han Wang ◽  
Juin-Hong Cherng ◽  
Yi-Wen Wang ◽  
Gang-Yi Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Collagen Scaffold ◽  
Glial Scar ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cord Injury

In spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy, glial scarring formed by activated astrocytes is a primary problem that needs to be solved to enhance axonal regeneration. In this study, we developed and used a collagen scaffold for glial scar replacement to create an appropriate environment in an SCI rat model and determined whether neural plasticity can be manipulated using this approach. We used four experimental groups, as follows: SCI-collagen scaffold, SCI control, normal spinal cord-collagen scaffold, and normal control. The collagen scaffold showed excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increased expression of neurofilament and fibronectin and reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti-chondroitin sulfate in the collagen scaffold-treated SCI rats at 1 and 4 weeks post-implantation compared with that in untreated SCI control. This indicates that the collagen scaffold implantation promoted neuronal survival and axonal growth within the injured site and prevented glial scar formation by controlling astrocyte production for their normal functioning. Our study highlights the feasibility of using the collagen scaffold in SCI repair. The collagen scaffold was found to exert beneficial effects on neuronal activity and may help in manipulating synaptic plasticity, implying its great potential for clinical application in SCI.

scholarly journals Long term outcome of functional independence and quality of life after traumatic SCI in Germany

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Möller ◽  
Rüdiger Rupp ◽  
Norbert Weidner ◽  
Christoph Gutenbrunner ◽  
Yorck B. Kalke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Study design Multicenter observational study. Objective To describe the long-term outcome of functional independence and quality of life (QoL) for individuals with traumatic and ischemic SCI beyond the first year after injury. Setting A multicenter study in Germany. Methods Participants of the European multicenter study about spinal cord injury (EMSCI) of three German SCI centers were included and followed over time by the German spinal cord injury cohort study (GerSCI). Individuals’ most recent spinal cord independence measure (SCIM) scores assessed by a clinician were followed up by a self-report (SCIM-SR) and correlated to selected items of the WHO short survey of quality of life (WHO-QoL-BREF). Results Data for 359 individuals were obtained. The average time passed the last clinical SCIM examination was 81.47 (SD 51.70) months. In total, 187 of the 359 received questionnaires contained a completely evaluable SCIM-SR. SCIM scores remained stable with the exception of reported management of bladder and bowel resulting in a slight decrease of SCIM-SR of −2.45 points (SD 16.81). SCIM-SR scores showed a significant correlation with the selected items of the WHO-QoL-BREF (p < 0.01) with moderate to strong influence. Conclusion SCIM score stability over time suggests a successful transfer of acquired independence skills obtained during primary rehabilitation into the community setting paralleled by positively related QoL measurements but bladder and bowel management may need special attention.

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