scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Heparin From Tuna Skins

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter P. Jeske ◽  
Meredith K. McDonald ◽  
Debra A. Hoppensteadt ◽  
Elaine C. Bau ◽  
Aline Mendes ◽  
...  

This study characterized heparin isolated from tuna skins. Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from tuna skin after digestion using anion exchange resin. Heparin was eluted from the resin by sodium chloride gradient and was further fractionated by acetone fractionation. Anticoagulant activity was determined using the activated partial thromboplastin time and Heptest assays. Potency was determined using amidolytic antifactor IIa and antifactor Xa assays. The presence of heparin in the extracted tuna skin glycosaminoglycans was confirmed using 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The activated partial thromboplastin time and Heptest clotting times were doubled at concentrations of about 4 and 1 µg/mL, respectively. The clotting time prolongation and antiprotease activity induced by tuna heparin was readily neutralized by 25 µg/mL protamine sulfate. These results demonstrate that biologically active heparin with properties similar to clinical grade heparin can be derived from tuna skin, a raw material with otherwise relatively little economic value.

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Fei ◽  
Zhi-Xiong Liu

Cymbidium faberi Rolfe is a very popular potted plant in China, Japan and Korea where it has been cultivated for centuries. The economic value of this popular native Asian orchid could be enhanced by changes in its floral traits. In Arabidopsis, PISTILLATA (PI) is involved in regulating petal and stamen development. In order to investigate the possible role of the PI ortholog involved in floral development, we isolated CyfaPI from C. faberi. Protein alignment and a phylogenetic tree grouped CyfaPI in the PI lineage. CyfaPI transcripts were detected in all floral organs, but were absent in leaves. Moreover, in flowers, the highest expression level of CyfaPI was present in the gynostemium and the lowest level was found in anther caps. In addition, ectopic expression of CyfaPI in Arabidopsis pi-1 mutant rescued petal development, and complement the development of filament-like structure (part of stamen), but failed to complement anther development in the stamen whorl. All these finding suggest that CyfaPI is mainly responsible for perianth and gynostemium development in C. faberi. Our data may help to trace the development of the gynostemium program and evolution in orchids.


1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lopez-Trascasa ◽  
M. Moisy ◽  
E. Pirotzky ◽  
Y. Blouquit ◽  
C. Blanc ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palani Damotharan ◽  
Anguchamy Veeruraj ◽  
Muthuvel Arumugam ◽  
Thangavel Balasubramanian

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (13) ◽  
pp. 1507-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander W. Koch ◽  
Nikolaus Schiering ◽  
Samu Melkko ◽  
Stefan Ewert ◽  
Janeen Salter ◽  
...  

Abstract A large unmet medical need exists for safer antithrombotic drugs because all currently approved anticoagulant agents interfere with hemostasis, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Genetic and pharmacologic evidence in humans and animals suggests that reducing factor XI (FXI) levels has the potential to effectively prevent and treat thrombosis with a minimal risk of bleeding. We generated a fully human antibody (MAA868) that binds the catalytic domain of both FXI (zymogen) and activated FXI. Our structural studies show that MAA868 traps FXI and activated FXI in an inactive, zymogen-like conformation, explaining its equally high binding affinity for both forms of the enzyme. This binding mode allows the enzyme to be neutralized before entering the coagulation process, revealing a particularly attractive anticoagulant profile of the antibody. MAA868 exhibited favorable anticoagulant activity in mice with a dose-dependent protection from carotid occlusion in a ferric chloride–induced thrombosis model. MAA868 also caused robust and sustained anticoagulant activity in cynomolgus monkeys as assessed by activated partial thromboplastin time without any evidence of bleeding. Based on these preclinical findings, we conducted a first-in-human study in healthy subjects and showed that single subcutaneous doses of MAA868 were safe and well tolerated. MAA868 resulted in dose- and time-dependent robust and sustained prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and FXI suppression for up to 4 weeks or longer, supporting further clinical investigation as a potential once-monthly subcutaneous anticoagulant therapy.


Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fleck ◽  
SI Rapaport ◽  
LV Rao

Abstract The investigators have evaluated the frequency and manifestations of anti-prothrombin antibodies in patients with the lupus anticoagulant. Thirty-one of 42 patients with lupus anticoagulants associated with a variety of underlying conditions (74%) had evidence on crossed immunoelectrophoresis of anti-prothrombin antibodies. Twenty-four of 25 patients with an activated partial thromboplastin time exceeding 50 seconds and 14 of 15 patients with a prothrombin time exceeding control by more than two seconds had demonstrable anti-prothrombin antibodies. Three of the 31 patients with anti-prothrombin antibodies had essentially no measurable plasma prothrombin, a presumed result of accelerated clearance of prothrombin/prothrombin antibody complexes. Each of these patients had bled abnormally. The remaining patients with anti-prothrombin antibodies had neither substantial hypoprothrombinemia nor hemorrhagic manifestations, which confirms the non-neutralizing property of anti-prothrombin antibodies associated with the lupus anticoagulant. Since lupus anticoagulant immunoglobulins are known to react with phospholipids, the high prevalence of antibodies binding prothrombin led us to test the hypothesis of antibody polyreactivity. Adsorption of three lupus anticoagulant plasmas with insolubilized prothrombin markedly diminished evidence of both prothrombin/prothrombin antibody complexes and anticoagulant activity. Eluates of the insolubilized prothrombin contained IgG that not only bound prothrombin but possessed lupus anticoagulant activity.


Author(s):  
М.С. Успенская ◽  
М.Г. Ляпина ◽  
М.Д. Калугина

Введение. Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена проблемой борьбы с тромбозами и тромбоэмболиями безопасными для организма методами. Во многих растениях обнаружены антикоагулянты разной природы (гепариноподобные, пептиды). Цель исследования - изучение возможности проявления синергических эффектов на антикоагулянтную и фибринолитическую активность крови и процессы полимеризации фибрина экстракта из корней пиона «Иван Горожанкин» в сравнительном аспекте с действием экстракта из корней пиона «молочноцветковый». Методика. Объектом исследования служили корни пионов «Иван Горожанкин» и «молочноцветковый», произрастающих в Ботаническом саду МГУ. Пион «Иван Горожанкин» был создан скрещиванием пиона «молочноцветкового» и «лекарственного» Разработаны методы получения экстрактов из корней различных пионов. При различных разведениях экстрактов (0.1, 1, 5%) определены антикоагулянтная активность по тестам, характеризующим внутренний, внешний и общий пути свертывания крови, а также степень полимеризации фибрина плазмы крови крыс. Для сравнения был использован стандартный препарат низкомолекулярного гепарина (LMWH) животного происхождения фирмы «Celsus» (США). Проведены выделение и очистка активного начала (гепариноидов) из сухих препаратов и измерены их активности. Pезультаты. Показано, что экстракты из обоих препаратов пионов обладали антикоагулянтной и суммарной фибринолитической активностью на нестабилизированном фибрине, но в разной степени. В экстрактах из корней пиона «Иван Горожанкин» отмечались преимущественные синергические эффекты, а именно превышение антикоагулянтной активности на 20-30%, суммарной фибринолитической - на 18% по сравнению с таковыми, отмечаемыми в экстрактах из корней пиона «молочноцветковый». Подобные результаты выявлены и при изучении степени полимеризации фибрина под влиянием очищенных препаратов из пионов. Рассмотрены возможные механизмы активирующего действия экстракта из пиона «Иван Горожанкин» на антикоагулянтные свойства плазмы, суммарную фибринолитическую активность и степень полимеризации фибрина. Это связано с блокадой активности тромбина и факторов внутреннего механизма свертывания крови. При этом антикоагулянтный эффект от применения экстракта из пиона «Иван Горожанкин» по тесту APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) превышал на 20-30% ту же активность, выявленную у пиона «молочноцветковый», которая соответствовала антикоагулянтной активности препарата сравнения LMWH. В экстракте из пиона «Иван Горожанкин» впервые обнаружено наличие антикоагулянтного гепариноподобного вещества. Заключение. Впервые установлена способность экстракта из корней пиона «Иван Горожанкин» проявлять синергические антикоагулянтные и фибриндеполимеризационные эффекты, превышающие таковые у экстракта из пиона «молочноветковый». На основе полученных данных возникает необходимость исследования пиона «Иван Горожанкин» в качестве антитромботического, а возможно, и антиатеросклеротического агента. Introduction. The research topic is relevant due to the problem of safely combating thrombosis and thromboembolism. Anticoagulants of various kinds, e.g., heparin-like and peptides, have been found in many plants. Aim. To investigate the possibility of synergistic effects on the blood anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity and on processes of fibrin polymerization by an extract from the roots of the «Ivan Gorozhankin» peony compared with the root extract from «Paeonia lactiflora». Methods. The focus of the study was the roots of the “Ivan Gorozhankin” peony and the Paeonia lactiflora growing in the Botanical Garden of the Moscow State University. The “Ivan Gorozhankin” peony was created by crossing P. lactiflora and the “medicinal” peony. Methods for obtaining extracts from the roots of various peonies have been developed. In 1%, 3%, and 5% dilutions of the extracts, the anticoagulant activity was determined according to tests characterizing the internal, external and general blood coagulation pathways, as well as by the degree of polymerization of rat blood plasma fibrin. For comparison, we used a standard preparation of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) of animal origin (Celsus, USA). Isolation and purification of the active substances, heparinoids, were isolated from dry preparations and purified, and their activities were measured. Results. Extracts from both peony preparations had anticoagulant and total fibrinolytic activity on unstabilized fibrin, but to different extents. In the extracts from the roots of the “Ivan Gorozhankin” peony, preferential synergistic effects were noted, namely, the anticoagulant activity was higher by 20-30%, and the total fibrinolytic activity was higher by 18% compared to those of extracts from Paeonia lactiflora roots. Similar results were obtained when studying the degree of fibrin polymerization as influenced by purified peony preparations. Possible mechanisms of the activating action of the «Ivan Gorozhankin» peony extract on the anticoagulant properties of plasma, the total fibrinolytic activity, and the degree of fibrin polymerization are considered. This action is due to the inhibition of thrombin activity and factors of the internal mechanism of blood coagulation. According to the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test, the anticoagulant effect of extracts from the «Ivan Gorozhankin» peony exceeded by 20-30% the activity of Paeonia lactiflora extract, which corresponded to the anticoagulant activity of the LMWH comparator drug. Using the described biochemical methods, the presence of an anticoagulant heparin-like substance in an extract from the peony «Ivan Gorozhankin» has been discovered. Conclusion. For the first time, the ability of an extract from the roots of the «Ivan Gorozhankin» peony to exhibit synergistic anticoagulant and fibrin-depolymerization effects was demonstrated. These effects exceeded those of the Paeonia lactiflora extract. Based on these data, it appears necessary to study the «Ivan Gorozhankin» peony as an antithrombotic, and possibly as an anti-atherosclerotic agent.


1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (1_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S62
Author(s):  
W. E. SCHMIDT ◽  
V. MUTT ◽  
S.J. KONTUREK ◽  
H.-D. BECKER ◽  
W. CREUTZFELDT

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