Minority Participation of the Senior Management of Private U.S. Hospitals

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755872110166
Author(s):  
Gary Gaumer ◽  
Robert Coulam ◽  
Rose Desilets
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
The United States ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Minority Participation ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Market Factors

This article examines minority participation in hospital senior management and how participation varies across areas in response to demographic and other market influences. We use data from Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, United States from 2008 to 2014 reported by private hospitals in the United States, grouped into 381 metropolitan areas. Analysis shows minority participation is sensitive to some local market factors including total population, share of minorities in the population, relative number of minorities with bachelor’s degrees in the population, and the concentration of local hospital markets. But, unlike markets for other hospital jobs (professionals, middle managers, and other jobs), changes in these factors create only small changes in minority participation for senior managers. Our results demonstrate that minority participation in senior management is not going to improve very much from future increases in minority populations and from educational parity. Public policies and deliberate organizational strategies will be required to make substantial improvements in diversity of senior management.

Pay Equity in Review

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E. Reichenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Congress ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
State Legislative

This article provides an overview of pay equity as well as an update of recent developments concerning this issue. The article summarizes the arguments advanced by pay equity advocates and opponents. There is a discussion of the leading court decisions which is organized as cases brought before and after the United States Supreme Court's landmark decision in the case of County of Washington v. Gunther, 452 U.S. 161 (1981). The position of the Reagan Administration, as set forth by the Department of Justice and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission also is summarized. The article includes a description of the legislation pending before the 99th United States Congress along with state legislative developments. The final section of the article is a pay equity bibliography.

scholarly journals I Don’t Want to Go Back: Examining the Return to Physical Workspaces During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihan Liu ◽  
Drake Van Egdom ◽  
Rhona Flin ◽  
Christiane Spitzmueller ◽  
Omolola Adepoju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Employee Groups

Objective: We study employee perspectives on return to physical workspaces to ultimately inform employers’ and policy makers’ decision making around the return to work during COVID-19.Methods: We tested the three-component conceptual model using survey data collected in the United States in May 2020 from samples of energy workers (N = 333). Results: Females, non-Caucasians, and employees living in multi-generational households were less willing to return. Concerns about childcare were negatively related to willingness to return, whereas organizational strategies for mitigating COVID-19 transmission at work were positively related to willingness to return. COVID-19 infections in an employees’ network were also negatively related to employees’ willingness to return. Conclusions: Blanket policies may miss the nuanced needs of different employee groups. Employers and policy makers should adopt flexible approaches to ensure a return to workspaces that addresses employee concerns and needs.

scholarly journals Measuring Market Power in Professional Baseball, Basketball, Football, and Hockey

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-231
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Healy ◽  
Jing Ru Tan ◽  
Peter F. Orazem
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
Market Factors

Using Forbes magazine’s estimates of the current value and revenues of professional sports teams, we derive a long-run variant of the Lerner Index. We apply the strategy to professional teams in baseball, basketball, football, and hockey over the 2006–2019 period. All teams have positive and significant price-cost margins over the entire period. Analysis of variance shows that local market factors and past team performance have less impact on a team’s market power than do common league-wide effects. The strongest market power is in leagues with more aggressive revenue sharing policies. Price-cost margins are higher for professional teams in North American than for the most valuable European soccer teams, consistent with the stronger exemption from antitrust law in the United States and the weaker revenue sharing policies in Europe. JEL Classifications: L43, L13, L83

Opportunities for the Peruvian blueberry due to the seasonality of imports from the United States, 2014-2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cosio Borda ◽  
Carlos Guerra Bendezú ◽  
Vivian Romaní Franco
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Seasonal Behavior ◽  
Consumer Country ◽  
Seasonal Indices ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Exports are of vital importance because they not only generate income for the exporting country, they also boost the economy, improve the working conditions of the inhabitants in the productive areas and, consequently, their quality of life and opportunities for progress. The United States is a consumer country of blueberries, however, its period of minimum production occurs in the seasons of autumn and winter, generating a local market shortage and given the inverse seasonal behavior of Peru, as our country enters the stations of spring and summer, with periods of maximum production of blueberry, an opportunity arises to meet that demand. The objective is to analyze the opportunities generated for blueberry exports due to the existence of contrary seasons between Peru and the United States. The study was descriptive of longitudinal type, not experimental. The population was conformed by the importers companies of blueberries the United States, the variable was analyzed import. The results show the existence of seasonal indices in the importation of blueberries from the United States of Peru in two periods, first from the month of January to the month of April (they are lower and on average less than 100%) and after the month from August to December (higher rates and on average greater than 100%). In conclusion, there are opportunities for blueberries due to seasonal imports from the United States, generated by counter-season conditions with Peru.

Growth of Undergraduate Education in Design in the United States, 1988–2012

Design Issues ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali O. Ilhan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Design Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Institutional Organization ◽  
Data Survey

As part of a larger project that analyzes disciplinary and interdisciplinary growth in the United States, this article quantitatively investigates the expansion of undergraduate education in design at four-year colleges and universities between 1988 and 2012. It utilizes data from the US Integrated Postsecondary Education Data Survey (IPEDS), which is especially suitable for investigating field-level change. Results show that undergraduate design education is growing in both absolute and relative terms, but this growth varies according to different institution types and conditions. Hence, variables such as control type (i.e., public vs. private), Carnegie classification type, institution size, and institutional revenues have differential influences on the diffusion of bachelor's degree-granting programs and the share of bachelor's degrees. This study provides valuable insights to policymakers, administrators, and design educators who seek to make meaningful interventions within the academy, and it will advance our understanding of the changing institutional organization of design education and the future of design disciplines in the United States.

United States Employment Disability Discrimination Charges: Implications for Disability Management Practice

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M. Bruyère ◽  
Sarah von Schrader ◽  
Wendy Coduti ◽  
Melissa Bjelland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disability Management ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Disability Discrimination ◽  
Employment Disability ◽  
State And Local

AbstractIt is 20 years since the passage of the Americans With Disabilities Act, yet employment and economic inequities continue for people with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to inform and encourage disability management leading practices to contribute toward reducing these disparities. The approach is an examination of where in the employment process applicants and incumbent employees perceive employment disability discrimination, leading to the filing of charges against an employer. Employment disability discrimination claims filed by individuals over 15 years (1993–2007) with the United States (US) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or state and local Fair Employment Practice Agencies are studied. The authors analyse employment discrimination charges by year, basis (i.e., protected class characteristics, such as disability, age, or race), issue (i.e., actions of the employer, such as discharge, hiring, or harassment), employer characteristics (i.e, size of business and industry sector), and joint filings under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (gender, race/ethnicity, and religious discrimination) and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). Special attention is paid to where in the employment process people with specific impairments are perceiving discrimination. Implications of these research findings for the practice and administration of disability management and employer policies are discussed.

Organic premiums of US fresh produce

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biing-Hwan Lin ◽  
Travis A. Smith ◽  
Chung L. Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
The United States ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Product Attributes ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Market Factors

AbstractThe study uses the 2005 Nielsen Homescan panel data to estimate price premiums and discounts associated with product attributes, market factors, and consumer characteristics, focusing on the organic attribute for five major fresh fruits and five major fresh vegetables in the United States. The results suggest that the organic attribute commands a significant price premium, which varies greatly from 13 cents per pound for bananas to 86 cents per pound for strawberries among fresh fruits and from 13 cents per pound for onions to 50 cents per pound for peppers among fresh vegetables. In terms of percentages, the estimated organic price premiums vary from 20% above prices paid for conventional grapes to 42% for strawberries among fresh fruits and from 15% above prices paid for conventional carrots and tomatoes to 60% for potatoes. Furthermore, prices paid for fresh produce are found to vary by other product attributes, market factors, and household characteristics.

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