The Effect of Collaborative Learning on Academic Motivation

This paper explores the effect of collaborative learning on academic motivation among students from 17 institutions throughout the United States. Even in the presence of a wide array of potential confounders, collaborative learning exerted a statistically significant and positive influence on students’ academic motivation levels across four years of undergraduate education. Tests for the presence of interaction effects suggest that the relationship between collaborative learning and academic motivation is similar for all students, regardless of racial or ethnic background.

WISATAWAN DALAM PERSEPSI TERHADAP DAYA TARIK WISATA HERITAGE DE TJOLOMADOE

This study aims to determine the perception of tourists on aspects of heritage tourism at De Tjolomadoe. The data collection method used is the distribution of online questionnaires. The analytical method used is descriptive, covering the characteristics of the respondents and the characteristics of the attractiveness of the De Tjolomadoe tourist attraction. The characteristics of the respondents in this study, namely the majority of male tourists; private employment; undergraduate education; and the population of Central Java. Meanwhile, the characteristics of tourist objects are: tourists consider ticket prices cheap; good image of tourist destinations; recommend De Tjolomadoe as a tourist destination; the majority of tourists who visit use private cars; tourists do not use lodging while visiting; visits are made from the family; Destination information is obtained through friends or relatives. Tourists are motivated to come because they have never been to a tourist location; tourists consider the architecture of the building to be the most attractive attraction. The analysis of heritage aspects includes aspects: rarity, history, superlativity, plurality, influence and aesthetics. De Tjolomadoe has met the criteria as a heritage tourist attraction with the highest aspect of history.

Problems and Practices Experienced by Preschool Education Teachers in Inclusive Education

This research was conducted in order to determine the problems that preschool teachers experience in the inclusive education process and to determine the educational practices of teachers for students who benefit from inclusive education. The study was designed in a qualitative design and purposeful sampling method was used. In the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 preschool teachers working with disadvantaged children in different provinces of Turkey. In forming the questions in the semi-structured interview form, the relevant literature was scanned and the opinions of field experts were consulted. The research data were analyzed by content analysis technique. As a result of the study, it was determined that pre-school teachers do not feel professionally competent in inclusive education and do not receive enough practical training in undergraduate education. It has been observed that teachers have some problems with children, families, administrators and legislation in the learning and teaching process regarding inclusive education. In addition, it has been observed that teachers make various practices for children, families and the educational environment in order to create an inclusive education environment. It is thought that teachers should be supported in terms of knowledge and practice in inclusive education through in-service trainings, and prospective teachers should be offered opportunities to work with children from different disadvantaged groups during undergraduate education.

Accelerated Implementation of a Virtual Neurology Clerkship Amid a Global Crisis

The standard neurology clinical experience in medical school focuses primarily on bedside patient encounters; however, the limitations of the clinical environment due to the current COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated the need for virtual curriculum development. To provide guidance to Neurology clerkship directors during this unprecedented time, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Undergraduate Education Subcommittee (UES) formed a workgroup to develop an outline for a ‘virtual curriculum’, provide recommendations, and describe models of integrating virtual curricula into the neurology clerkship.In this overview, we discuss different methods of virtual instruction, hybrid models of clerkship training and the challenges to its implementation, professionalism issues, and modification of feedback and assessment techniques specific to the virtual learning environment. We also offer suggestions for implementation of a hybrid virtual curriculum into the neurology clerkship.The virtual curriculum is intended to supplement the core neurology in-person clinical experience and should not be used for shortening or replacing the required neurology clinical clerkship.

08. New Education Policy 2020 and the Curriculum of BS Urdu

BS is the main phase of Pakistan’s education system. Major portion of the higher education-seeking students reach this level of education. That is why, it carries much importance in the system. Its curriculum is going under continuous observation and consequent changes. Curriculum of BS Urdu also underwent three times changes since 2009. The curriculum was first developed by HEC in 2009. It was modified and updated in 2013. “The Undergraduate Education Policy 2020” is the latest document in this connection. The policy was issued to update the curriculum and conform it to the modern world needs. Practical and Job-oriented approach is the main focus of this policy which reflects in the nine weeks compulsory Standard Internship and entrepreneurship. In this article, the major changes and modifications suggested through this policy have been analyzed and the subsequent conclusion and recommendations have been presented.

INVESTIGATION OF USE CASES OF MATHEMATICS TEXTBOOKS IN THE TEACHING PROCESS FROM A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE

It is important to determine the behaviors of primary school pre-service teachers, who have successfully completed the "Mathematics Textbook Review" course during their undergraduate education, regarding the use of textbooks in their professional life. Therefore, it is important to determine the approaches of pre-service teachers who have positive ideas about using the mathematics textbook in their undergraduate education and the reasons for these approaches in the process after starting the profession. This research was designed with a developmental perspective from qualitative research approaches and was conducted with two different study groups in Turkey. The first study group consists of 162 primary school mathematics pre-service teachers. The second group consists of 43 primary school mathematics teachers who worked for at least two years in their professional life. As a result of the research, more than half of the pre-service teachers (n=132) stated that they would use textbooks as a basic resource in the in-class teaching process. Pre-service teachers' reasons for using the course book in the classroom teaching process were grouped under four categories: "it is a guide for teaching, homework, affordability, and opportunity for repetition". When the data obtained from the mathematics teachers were examined, it was determined that most of the teachers did not use the textbook as the main source in the classroom teaching process. When the obtained data are examined holistically, it is concluded that even though the rate of pre-service teachers thinking of using the textbook is high, this rate will decrease in professional life. Keywords: Pre-service teachers, mathematics teacher, mathematics textbook, developmental perspective

Moral distress among nurses in caring COVID-19 patients

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses experienced tremendous dilemmas including the need to perform their duties in caring for patients while they have concerns about contracting the disease. This study described the moral distress of nurses in-charge of handling COVID-19 patients which can be used as baseline data for intervention programs in overcoming moral distress among nurses. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with nurses in-charge of handling COVID-19 treatment rooms. Before conducting the survey, ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Faculty of Universitas Hasanuddin. Questionnaires on moral distress for clinical nurses and the demographic data questionnaire were distributed to 128 respondents. These nurses experienced relatively low levels of moral distress despite the fact that they were generally exposed to morally stressful situations. Education background appeared as a factor influencing this condition, in which higher moral distress was mostly experienced by nurses with undergraduate education.

The Influence E-Learning Platforms of Undergraduate Education in Iraq

continue learning. Technology has become not only an activity but also a fundamental tool. Moreover, technology becomes the core media that allows education to happen. In Iraq Blended Learning used to overcome the pandemic and counting education Therefore, the use of computers and digital applications became part of daily life and for long hours. Therefore, properly designed digital educational activities linked to social media have become a powerful educational tool aimed at finding ways of effective learning. The use of interactive activities contributed to the growth of self-learning motivation and the building of a healthy mind capable of finding a way out for the advancement of educational reality when crises occurred. It has become impossible to do without mobile devices, because of the attractive features they have and the multiple advantages they provide in teaching mathematical, medical, and engineering sciences in universities of our study relied on comparing the most important educational platforms with the best operation for managing virtual classes and the auxiliary tools they contain, including adding materials, assignments, tests, and electronic attendance records with archiving classes and migrating students to the advanced stages, as it relied on the electronic administration mechanism. All of these procedures take place through the availability of the Internet.