What do we know about capabilities and early internationalization? A review and synthesis

Purpose The purpose of this study is to organize and assess knowledge on the capabilities pertinent to the early internationalization of born globals (BGs) and international new ventures (INVs). Design/methodology/approach A systematic approach is used to search, code, organize and synthesize 155 peer-reviewed journal articles on capabilities and early internationalization. Findings The study delimits eight operational and five dynamic capabilities. The synthesis links capabilities to three antecedents (i.e. firm specific factors, managerial socio cognitive attributes and market factors) and three outcomes (i.e. precocity, survival and performance). While 7 of the 12 linkages identified are well-established, relationships involving market factors, survival and dynamic capabilities are sparsely researched. Research limitations/implications The authors know more about the effects of firm specific factors and managerial socio cognitive attributes on operational and dynamic capabilities than we do the influence of market factors on either group of capabilities. Likewise, the authors know more about the influence of operational and dynamic capabilities on performance than we do their impact on precocity or survival. Practical implications As the pandemic has shown, businesses with adaptable capabilities (e.g. shifting from a brick and mortar to an online/omnichannel approach or micro-breweries competent to switch from manufacturing beer to hand sanitizer) have increased their chance of survival while helping society cope. Originality/value This to the authors’ knowledge is the first study to provide a comprehensive review of literature on the nebulous concept of capabilities, in the context of the burgeoning research stream on early internationalization.

Lage der Mühlenindustrie im Komitat Baranya und die Veränderungen der Beschäftigtenzahlen zwischen 1876 und 1886

The purpose of the study: This paper aims to analyze how the number of workers changed in the mill industry of Baranya County between 1876 and 1885. The study is based on statistical surveys conducted in those two years. The statistics were compared for several labor market factors (number of entrepreneurs, assistants, apprentices). The earlier statistics (1876) are part of the first authentic national survey, while the milling survey, published in 1885 as a separate publication, contains data. Applied methods. Statistical surveys and data were analyzed and compared. At the end of the study, a mathematical calculation was also performed on the problem of labor force change. From the number of mills closed, it was calculated how many mill workers could lose their jobs during the narrow decade studied. The latter procedure may continue to play a significant role in the future due to the scarcity of available data. Outcomes. The study has two results. The first is that the number of workers in the milling industry (contractors, assistants, apprentices) has decreased in the nine years between the two statistical surveys. The second is that the closure of the mills has contributed significantly to the reduction in the working force. These results call for further investigation. One of the most relevant questions to be answered is: what was the reason for the decrease in the number of mills and the number of workers in the milling industry in Baranya at the same time as the milling industry was a driving force in Hungary.

Managing technological potential process as the factor of sustainable development of industrial enterprises

In the modern economics of industrial production the fundamental trend is the technological potential connected with the period of transition to innovative high technology industrial production. It is an important factor influencing the perspective indicators of development of economics and the entire industrial complex. Management of industrial enterprises requires establishing new approaches to the use of technological potential and its management. For this purpose, the works of scientists in the subject area of the technological potential of industrial enterprises have been studied. The authors consider theoretical approaches to studying technological potential and sustainable development of industrial enterprises. They systematized methodological approaches to studying the concept of ‘technological potential’ and structured the factors influencing it. The fundamental factors include social, international factors, state of economy, economic policy, market factors, factors of governmental influence and institutional factors. To assess the technological potential of an enterprise, a system of KPI is used, which allows taking into account the limitations and desirable levels for a whole range of particular parameters of indicators, indicators, both quantitative and qualitative.

Artificial intelligence research in agriculture: a review

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on the academic journey of artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture and to highlight the challenges and opportunities in adopting AI-based advancement in agricultural systems and processes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of the extant literature on AI in agriculture to understand the status of development in this domain. Further, the authors proposed a framework based on two popular theories, namely, diffusion of innovation (DOI) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), to identify the factors influencing the adoption of AI in agriculture.FindingsFour factors were identified, i.e. institutional factors, market factors, technology factors and stakeholder perception, which influence adopting AI in agriculture. Further, the authors indicated challenges under environmental, operational, technological, economical and social categories with opportunities in this area of research and business.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed conceptual model needs empirical validation across countries or states to understand the effectiveness and relevance.Practical implicationsPractitioners and researchers can use these inputs to develop technology and business solutions with specific design elements to gain benefit of this technology at larger scale for increasing agriculture production.Social implicationsThis paper brings new developed methods and practices in agriculture for betterment of society.Originality/valueThis paper provides a comprehensive review of extant literature and presents a theoretical framework for researchers to further examine the interaction of independent variables responsible for adoption of AI in agriculture.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-10-2020-0448

The Future of Flexible Product Manufacturing by Using Industry 4.0 Technologies in Regard to Consumer Preferences

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER The core objectives of this paper are to understand constantly changing consumer choices over time and the manufacturing of flexible products to answer the problem. The flexible products with multiple utility choices can help consumers from every segment to fulfil their needs. The study has shed light on the flexible product manufacturing process and has also discussed launching strategies into the market with having considered various market factors in the process. METHODOLOGY A rigorous analysis of literature has been done to understand why flexible products should be preferred over standard products. Literature related to flexible product strategy is being examined and explored its dimensions of price setting and product utility. MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS This study provides a road map for companies to shift their focus on developing new manufacturing processes in order to develop flexible products to address dynamic consumer preferences. This study also shed light on the fact the flexible products might be more profitable for the company. RECOMMENDATIONS The findings show that flexible products provide larger range of utility choices and with a right price; it can be more profitable than a standard product. Flexible products can go along with mass customisation of products which can enlarge utility choices for consumers to an unlimited level.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ACCOUNTING EXPENDITURES FOR THE OUTPUT OF PRODUCTS

At present stage of the market economy development, characterized by decrease in its growth rate and increasing competition, it becomes urgent to search for new ways to increase the competitiveness of Russian companies. One of the more reliable ways to increase it is to reduce the cost of production, which characterizes the efficiency of products manufacturing at a particular enterprise. Effective management of the manufacturing process at an enterprise depends on how well cost accounting and output cost determination are organized and how timely the information about expenditures is received by persons making long-term and short-term management decisions. The article deals with the issues of accounting for expenditures on manufacturing work at an enterprise, directions for improving cost accounting. In the course of the study, it is revealed that the modern system of accounting for production expenditures faces a number of problems. One of them is the lack of a unified approach to determining the method of accounting for production expenditures in a modern enterprise. In addition, such a problem as control over operating expenditures has been identified due to insufficient organization of expenditures accounting at the place of their occurrence, as well as by the center of financial responsibility and product varieties. The problem of different levels in information technology development at specific enterprises is also considered, which is considered to be a deterrent to the introduction of more advanced expenditures accounting methods. New opportunities in automation of the accounting system for production expenditures are disclosed and new directions are proposed in projects for implementing operational production cost accounting systems. The results can be used for scientific and practical activities related to research in the field of accounting, financial and managerial accounting. The authors make a conclusion on the need to improve the accounting of production expenses, which is dictated by such market factors as competition, pricing, assortment policy, expediency of investments, etc.

Behavioural biases affecting investors’ decision-making process: a scale development approach

Purpose The advocates of behavioural finance have denounced the existing literature on investors’ rationality in the decision-making process and questioned the existence of efficient markets and rational investors. Although diversified research has been conducted in the area of behavioural finance, yet there is a need of further explorations into the field as the available knowledge base is confined to one or a few behavioural biases confronted by investors while making investment decisions. Hence, this study aims to develop a comprehensive, reliable and valid scale to measure the behavioural biases affecting investors’ decision-making process. Design/methodology/approach To develop a comprehensive, reliable and valid scale for measuring the behavioural biases affecting investors’ decision-making process, rigorous multi-stage scale development methodology has been followed. Stage one started with an extensive review of the literature followed by interviews from experienced stockbrokers to clarify construct and getting novel insights about dimensions of behavioural biases. In stage two, 52 items measuring the dimensions of behavioural biases were generated and got evaluated from panel of judges. Pilot testing was done in the third stage which gave a set of 39 items. Finally, in fourth stage, data were collected from 332 individual equity investors on a 7-point Likert scale using the snowball sampling technique. Findings The results of the study highlighted that behavioural biases is a multidimensional phenomenon that significantly affects investors’ decisions and has different dimensions, namely, Availability Bias, Representativeness Bias, Overconfidence Bias, Market Factors, Herding, Anchoring, Mental Accounting, Regret Aversion, Gamblers’ Fallacy and Loss Aversion. The present research has developed a comprehensive, reliable and valid scale for measuring behavioural biases affecting equity investors’ decision-making process. Originality/value Behavioural finance is an emerging area in the field of research particularly in the Indian context which needs further exploration. The present research concentrates on rendering an empirically tested scale to the researchers for measuring the behavioural biases and its impact on investor’s decision-making. Such an instrument can contribute to making progress in the area of behavioural finance and other research studies may also find it useful to achieve their goals.

How Does the Spatial Structure of High-Speed Rail Station Areas Evolve? A Case Study of Zhengzhou East Railway Station, China

The rapid development of high-speed rail (HSR) and station areas has shortened the spatial and temporal distances among cities, improved the accessibility of cities, and affected the spatial agglomeration and diffusion of populations and of social and economic activities. This has led to spatial reconfiguration of production factors within cities, which has the potential to drive the reconstruction of urban spatial structures. Based on POI and land-use data, this paper defines the spatial scope of the HSR station area and explores the characteristics and influencing factors of its spatial structure from the perspective of industry. The study area i is set at 2000 m. Since the opening of the HSR, the industrial distribution has exhibited a significant circular, multi-core, and axial belt spatial structure. The spatial structure of each sub-industry is different. On the whole, internal and external transport and agglomeration economies have significant impacts on the industrial spatial distribution, and land rent has gradually decreased in importance with the development of HSR station areas. The intensity of the effects of different factors varies among different industries. The mechanisms by which the spatial structure of the station area is formed are discussed and include location accessibility, micro-market factors, node station attributes, the availability of a sufficient amount of undeveloped land, the characteristics and needs of HSR passengers, and policies and systems.

The Current Problems of Aesthetic Creation in Chinese Film Art

Current market-led Chinese film production has made huge achievements. Market indicators certainly have their validity. However, the power of the market has been exaggerated so that it controls everything. Because of the disregard of film as an aesthetic object, the content, form and aesthetic sensibility of films have been neglected, preventing creation at a higher level. The loss of multiple cultural identities due to market factors and artistic indifference is hardly sustainable in the long run. In recent years, Chinese films have gradually improved their artistic aesthetics. How to reasonably coordinate the market and the realization of the value of art and culture itself is an urgent problem to be solved. Firstly, Chinese films should have creative imagination; secondly, Chinese films should have the artistic expression of the national core value of heroism; thirdly, Chinese films should have meticulous depictions of people. Under the perspective of aesthetic appreciation, it is a top priority for Chinese films to be more in line with reality and traditional aesthetic culture, and be more characterized in their creation.

Reputation Evaluation of the Factors Regulating the Development of the Consumer Goods Market in the Region

The article substantiates the essence of dysfunctions as a key phenomenon that leads to deformation or partial failure to perform functions by the subjects of the internal consumer market. The features of the influence of socio-economic factors investigated within the functioning efficiency of the regional food market. The evaluation of the influence for the food market factors in the region carried out by classifying the factors by the influence sphere and the regulation degree, assessing the influence of the food market factors on the main indicator models. These models contain indicators, despite the existing system of statistical observation in the region, studying the relationships between factors and indicators characterizing food market and identifying the results of dysfunctions. A block of socio-economic determinants of realizing the potential of the consumer (food) market in the region is proposed. Correlation analysis of factors affecting the food market and the volume of products sold (agriculture, food production, beverages) has been carried out. The authors built a system of correlation between the socio-economic factors of the food market and the export of agricultural products and the food industry in the region. A system of interrelation of socio-economic factors and their influence on the wholesale turnover of food products in the region proposed, as well as a system of interrelation of socio-economic factors with the resulting "gross regional product". The nature of the emergence and the essence of dysfunctions in the regulation of the consumer market development are concretized. The consequences of state regulation dysfunctions for the development of the consumer goods internal market are determined and characterized. The main dysfunctional factors of influence on the regulators of the regional market development grouped in the aspect of competitive markets.