Predicting Bystander Efficacy and Willingness to Intervene in College Men and Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Foubert ◽  
Ana J. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Research Universities ◽  
College Men ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Willingness To Intervene ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Students from two research universities completed items measuring the frequency of their using different kinds of pornography, and measures of their willingness and intent to intervene to help a bystander who might be experiencing sexual violence. Hierarchical logistic regressions showed that for men, violent/degrading pornography use, but not explicit but non-degrading pornography use, was significantly associated with reduced bystander willingness to intervene, but not associated with bystander efficacy. Women did not show the same impact of violent/degrading pornography use on the two bystander intervention variables. Results suggest violence/degrading pornography may contribute to a culture of acceptance of violence against women.

What Is the Attraction? Pornography Use Motives in Relation to Bystander Intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (20) ◽  
pp. 3071-3089 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Foubert ◽  
Ana J. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Willingness To Intervene ◽  
Pornography Use

Use of pornography is common among adolescents and young adults, with most men and a growing number of women viewing regularly. A vast body of research suggests pornography use is associated with multiple attitudinal and behavioral variables. One of those associations, for both men and women, is higher pornography use is correlated with a lower likelihood of intervening to prevent sexual assault. The present study explored how motives for viewing pornography related to male ( n = 139) and female ( n = 290) college students’ willingness and efficacy to intervene to help prevent a sexual assault from occurring. We found that several motivations to view pornography were associated with suppression of willingness to intervene as a bystander, even after controlling for frequency of pornography use. This study joins others in suggesting an association between pornography use and callousness toward sexual violence.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Myths about Sexual Aggression on the Verisimilitude of a Victim-Complainant of Sexual Assault

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurena Gancedo ◽  
Jéssica Sanmarco ◽  
Adriana Selaya ◽  
Andrea González-Dapía ◽  
Mercedes Novo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Standard Of Proof ◽  
Provocative Clothing

Sexual violence against women is one of the most underre­ported criminal offences, and has one of the lowest con­viction rates. The main standard of proof is the victim’s-complainant’s testimony and the evaluation of credibility. In order to assess the effects of myths about sexual aggres­sion on the credibility of women and their testimony, a field study was performed. The study consisted of 353 par­ticipants (235 women), aged 16 to 72 years, who evaluated the credibility of a testimony of a victim-complainant of sexual assault where the type of narrative was manipulated (neutral, provocative clothing, and alcohol consumption), and responded to a measure of the acceptance of myths about sexual aggression. The results revealed the type of narrative had no effect on the evaluation of testimonial credibility, but an effect was found in the factors gender, and myths about sexual aggression. Succinctly, men con­ferred less credibility to a victim’s-complainant’s testi­mony (i.e., less victim-complainant honesty, and testimo­nial credibility), whilst attributing less responsibility to the aggressor-defendant. However, both men and women equally attributed responsibility to the victim-complainant for the sexual assault. Moreover, individuals sanctioning myths about sexual aggression attributed less honesty and credibility to the victim-complainant, and their testimony, whilst attributing less responsibility to the aggressor-de­fendant, and more to the victim-complainant. The impli­cations of the results on judgement-making are discussed.

Is Women’s Fear of Crime Fear of Sexual Assault? A Test of the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis in a Sample of Swedish University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mellgren ◽  
Anna-Karin Ivert
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fear Of Rape ◽  
Shadow Of Sexual Assault

Prior research shows that women’s higher fear of crime compared with men can largely be explained by women’s fear of rape. Whether women’s higher fear can also be explained by fear of nonviolent sexual harassment has not been explored. This study tested the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis in a sample of almost 3,000 Swedish university students. Our results confirm previous tests of the shadow thesis on the effect of fear of rape. In addition, we show that fear of sexual harassment also explained differences in fear between men and women. Based on the findings, we recommend that strategies to reduce sexual violence should focus on the entire continuum of violence against women.

Cognitive/Affective Empathy, Pro-Bullying Beliefs, and Willingness to Intervene on Behalf of a Bullied Peer

2019 ◽  
pp. 0044118X1985856
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Walters ◽  
Dorothy L. Espelage
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Willingness To Intervene ◽  
Bullying Behavior

The purpose of this study was to determine whether pro-bullying attitudes mediate the relation between affective and cognitive empathy and a student’s willingness to intervene in support of a bullied peer. Participants were 764 early adolescents (372 boys, 392 girls) from the Illinois Study of Bullying and Sexual Violence (ISBSV). As predicted, pro-bullying attitudes successfully mediated the prospective relation between affective empathy and bystander intervention but failed to mediate the relation between cognitive empathy and bystander intervention. These results indicate that affective empathy may promote bystander willingness to intervene on behalf of a bullied peer by inhibiting pro-bullying attitudes. Intervention strategies designed to enhance affective empathy and challenge pro-bullying attitudes in bystanders may be of assistance in reducing bullying behavior.

Initiation of Dates and Anxiety among College Men and Women

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Regis McNamara ◽  
Kandee Grossman
Keyword(s):  
College Men ◽  
Men And Women

Relationships among Four Measures of Anxiety

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Reiter
Keyword(s):  
College Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Complex Concept

Correlations among four measures of anxiety by Taylor, Sarason, Cattell, and Page were based on responses of 76 college men and women. The magnitudes of the coefficients suggest that the tests measure different facets of anxiety. Taylor and Cattell scales measure general anxiety. It appears that anxiety is a complex concept.

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