scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Myths about Sexual Aggression on the Verisimilitude of a Victim-Complainant of Sexual Assault

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurena Gancedo ◽  
Jéssica Sanmarco ◽  
Adriana Selaya ◽  
Andrea González-Dapía ◽  
Mercedes Novo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Standard Of Proof ◽  
Provocative Clothing

Sexual violence against women is one of the most underre­ported criminal offences, and has one of the lowest con­viction rates. The main standard of proof is the victim’s-complainant’s testimony and the evaluation of credibility. In order to assess the effects of myths about sexual aggres­sion on the credibility of women and their testimony, a field study was performed. The study consisted of 353 par­ticipants (235 women), aged 16 to 72 years, who evaluated the credibility of a testimony of a victim-complainant of sexual assault where the type of narrative was manipulated (neutral, provocative clothing, and alcohol consumption), and responded to a measure of the acceptance of myths about sexual aggression. The results revealed the type of narrative had no effect on the evaluation of testimonial credibility, but an effect was found in the factors gender, and myths about sexual aggression. Succinctly, men con­ferred less credibility to a victim’s-complainant’s testi­mony (i.e., less victim-complainant honesty, and testimo­nial credibility), whilst attributing less responsibility to the aggressor-defendant. However, both men and women equally attributed responsibility to the victim-complainant for the sexual assault. Moreover, individuals sanctioning myths about sexual aggression attributed less honesty and credibility to the victim-complainant, and their testimony, whilst attributing less responsibility to the aggressor-de­fendant, and more to the victim-complainant. The impli­cations of the results on judgement-making are discussed.

Is Women’s Fear of Crime Fear of Sexual Assault? A Test of the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis in a Sample of Swedish University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mellgren ◽  
Anna-Karin Ivert
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fear Of Rape ◽  
Shadow Of Sexual Assault

Prior research shows that women’s higher fear of crime compared with men can largely be explained by women’s fear of rape. Whether women’s higher fear can also be explained by fear of nonviolent sexual harassment has not been explored. This study tested the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis in a sample of almost 3,000 Swedish university students. Our results confirm previous tests of the shadow thesis on the effect of fear of rape. In addition, we show that fear of sexual harassment also explained differences in fear between men and women. Based on the findings, we recommend that strategies to reduce sexual violence should focus on the entire continuum of violence against women.

Sexism, Moral Disengagement, and Dark Triad Traits on Perpetrators of Sexual Violence Against Women and Community Men

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107906322110516
Author(s):  
María Patricia Navas ◽  
Lorena Maneiro ◽  
Olalla Cutrín ◽  
José A. Gómez-Fraguela ◽  
Jorge Sobral
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Sexist Attitudes

The field of criminal psychology involves delving into psychological profiles prone to accepting and justifying sexist attitudes that support sexual violence against adult women (SVAW). The aim of the current study is to analyze the mediating role of moral disengagement in the relationships between dark triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and ambivalent sexism in a sample of 74 male perpetrators of sexual violence against women ( M = 40.58; SD = 10.05) convicted of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault and 160 community men ( M = 43.54; SD = 10.63). Since there were no significant differences in the measured variables between individuals convicted of IPV and those convicted of sexual assault, these two groups were combined into a single group of perpetrators of sexual violence against women. A comparison of incarcerated and community men showed that perpetrators of sexual violence against women reported significantly higher levels of ambivalent sexism, moral disengagement, and psychopathy than community men. The moderated mediational model showed that the dark triad was not directly associated with ambivalent sexism, but the relationship was fully mediated by moral disengagement mechanisms. Moreover, the interdependence of the variables evaluated was moderated by group. The moral disengagement mechanisms that explain both hostile and benevolent sexism were associated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy among perpetrators of sexual violence against women, whereas among community men, these mechanisms were associated with Machiavellianism and narcissism. These findings are discussed as they pertain to the treatment of perpetrators of sexual violence against women.

What Is the Attraction? Pornography Use Motives in Relation to Bystander Intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (20) ◽  
pp. 3071-3089 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Foubert ◽  
Ana J. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Willingness To Intervene ◽  
Pornography Use

Use of pornography is common among adolescents and young adults, with most men and a growing number of women viewing regularly. A vast body of research suggests pornography use is associated with multiple attitudinal and behavioral variables. One of those associations, for both men and women, is higher pornography use is correlated with a lower likelihood of intervening to prevent sexual assault. The present study explored how motives for viewing pornography related to male ( n = 139) and female ( n = 290) college students’ willingness and efficacy to intervene to help prevent a sexual assault from occurring. We found that several motivations to view pornography were associated with suppression of willingness to intervene as a bystander, even after controlling for frequency of pornography use. This study joins others in suggesting an association between pornography use and callousness toward sexual violence.

scholarly journals A Two-Year Experience of Gender-Based Violence at a Pioneer One Stop Crisis Center: Sukoon

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Sunil Gambhir ◽  
Akash Deep Aggarwal ◽  
Aatika Mahajan ◽  
Ritu Setiya
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Gender Based

This paper examines violence against women, with a special focus on domestic violence, along with sexual violence and sexual assault, in multidimensional perspective for the period of two years so as to understand its magnitude and its impact on the rights of women in the northern part of India. Among all such cases, there were 57.2% cases of domestic violence, 20.3% cases of sexual violence and sexual assault, 17.8% cases of attempted poisoning, 1.5% cases of homicidal burns, and 1.2% cases of attempted suicide. The greatest number of cases was recorded during the spring, followed by summer. It was observed that the greatest number of cases (60.24%) was recorded under the homemaker (housewife) category of women followed by the working category (26.80%). The greatest number of cases is seen in the age group of 20 to 30 years (42.77%), followed by the age group of 30 to 40 years (23.49%). A slightly higher number of cases (51.20%) was reported from rural areas. The greatest number of cases was recorded under the domestic violence category. The second highest percentage of cases reported involved sexual violence and sexual assault. The greatest number of married cases had a duration of zero to ten years (43.37%), followed by the unmarried category (19.87%). With reference to duration of violence, the greatest number of cases is seen in the age group of zero to six months (32.53%). The greatest number of cases is seen under the no child category (40.96%). Regarding the alleged perpetrator, the greatest number of cases is seen under the husband category (23.79%), followed by unknown category (22.28%).

Sexual Violence and the Politics of Forgiveness in Guinea

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomi Dave
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This chapter examines the limits of musical activism by considering some of the varied ways in which music has addressed women’s rights and gender-based violence in Guinea. It centers around the case of a young Guinean rapper who was recently charged with sexual assault, and whose case generated intense criticism from feminist activists and intense support from his fans. The chapter considers two songs closely connected to the case: one that calls for an end to violence against women, and one that calls on women to forgive him. These two songs seem to reflect radically divergent views on gender-based violence. But they are both linked to an underlying ambivalence about women’s rights on the behalf of musicians, audiences, and the state. Survivors of sexual violence are absent in both cases, erased by a politics of forgiveness that calls on them to forget and to be forgotten.

scholarly journals Information Seeking Among Women Aged 18 to 25 About the Risk of Sexual Aggression

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Pokrywczynski ◽  
Robert J. Griffin ◽  
Gregory J. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Positive Effect

Many researchers have studied risk factors related to sexual violence, and few studies have explored what differences account for the various ways women seek information about sexual violence. This study accomplishes this by applying part of the Risk Information Seeking and Processing (RISP) model to sexual aggression among young females (18-25 years). The results from a national survey of females show that negative affect (worry and anger combined) showed a direct positive effect on risk information seeking. Also, binge drinking does not make women feel much more at risk from sexual assault. Some differences exist between women in school and out.

“This is My Girl”: How Men’s Desires Obscure Women’s Sexual Aggression Experiences in Public Drinking Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Sarah Becker ◽  
Justine E. Tinkler
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Threat ◽  
Public Drinking ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Contact

In this article, we use 198 interviews with young men and women to explore how they define and negotiate boundaries of unwanted sexual contact in public drinking settings. Men and women’s contrasting experiences reveal that in bars and nightclubs, sexual aggression against women is routine and typically involves physical threat. For men, however, consensual and nonaggressive contact can register as problematic when disruptive to men’s control of heterosexual interactions. Men’s aggression toward other men who disrupt their access to women is cause and consequence of women’s sexual aggression experiences being less visible. We contribute to sexual assault literature by illustrating how heterosexual power dynamics—specifically, disproportionate visibility and defense of men’s desires—shape tolerance of barroom sexual aggression, discourage bystander intervention, and set the stage for more serious forms of assault to occur and go unpunished.

Predicting Bystander Efficacy and Willingness to Intervene in College Men and Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Foubert ◽  
Ana J. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Research Universities ◽  
College Men ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Willingness To Intervene ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Students from two research universities completed items measuring the frequency of their using different kinds of pornography, and measures of their willingness and intent to intervene to help a bystander who might be experiencing sexual violence. Hierarchical logistic regressions showed that for men, violent/degrading pornography use, but not explicit but non-degrading pornography use, was significantly associated with reduced bystander willingness to intervene, but not associated with bystander efficacy. Women did not show the same impact of violent/degrading pornography use on the two bystander intervention variables. Results suggest violence/degrading pornography may contribute to a culture of acceptance of violence against women.

scholarly journals The Ukrainian-Russian Virtual Flashmob against Sexual Assault

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feruza Aripova ◽  
Janet Elise Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
New York University ◽  
Feminist Activism ◽  
University Center ◽  
Female Promiscuity ◽  
The Impact

Feruza Aripova – PhD Candidate in World History, Northeastern University; Center Associate, Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Harvard University; Visiting Scholar, Jordan Center for the Advanced Study of Russia, New York University, USA. Email: [email protected] Janet Elise Johnson – Professor of Political Science and Women’s & Gender Studies, Brooklyn College, City University of New York; Visiting Scholar, Center for European and Mediterranean Studies at New York University, New York, USA. Email: [email protected] This article examines the 2016 Ukrainian-Russian virtual flashmob that took on the issues of sexual assault, including childhood sexual abuse, sexual harassment, and rape. Begun by a Ukrainian activist on Facebook, the flashmob resulted in more than ten thousand original posts and led to a broader discussion on violence against women in Ukrainian and Russian. Many women (and some men) for the first time publicly disclosed excruciating details of physical and psychological coercion and the lasting trauma they suffered. The commonalities across the posts and the public visibility of the flashmob directly confronted the stigma attached to the topic of sexual violence. The media reactions to the flashmob ranged from empathy toward the victims and condemnation of the perpetrators to criticism of female promiscuity and victim blaming. The flashmob had concrete results: criminal cases were opened against teachers at one of Moscow’s prominent public schools and a series of initiatives were directed against sexual violence in Ukraine. This article provides the first systematic documentation and analysis of these posts as well as their reception in mass media and the impact so far of the flashmob, situating this flashmob as the same kind of activism that was seen in the bigger 2017 #MeToo campaign. In these ways, we contribute to what little social scientists know about violence against women in the post-Soviet region and assess this new tactic of feminist activism. Unsurprisingly, such activism does not change societies in one fell swoop, but the Ukrainian-Russian flashmob shows how virtual activism can nudge towards progressive change.

scholarly journals PERAN ILMU KEDOKTERAN FORENSIK DALAM PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMERKOSAAN SEBAGAI KEJAHATAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL

e-CliniC ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Kalangit
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Serious Crime ◽  
Evidence Gathering ◽  
Keywords Forensic Science

Abstract - Rape is a serious crime and a violation of human rights. The act of rape causes serious psychological trauma to the victims and families. According to the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) from 1998 to 2010 almost one third of cases of violence against women is a case of sexual assault, or sexual assault cases recorded 91,311 of 295,836 total cases of violence against women. During 2010 there were 1751 victims of sexual violence. Rape is an event that is difficult to prove even though the case has been examined and evidence gathering is complete. In an effort to prove that there has been crime of rape, then in this case Forensic Science was an instrument in conducting the examination and to obtain an explanation for what happened medically. This study aims to determine the management of Forensic Science in the proof of criminal rape. To know the legal and medical aspects of Forensic Science in the proof of crimes of sexual violence. Keywords - forensic science, sexual assault, rape.   Abstrak – Perkosaan merupakan kejahatan yang serius dan bukti pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Tindakan perkosaan menyebabkan trauma psikologis yang serius pada korban serta keluarga. Menurut Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan  (Komnas Perempuan) sejak tahun  1998 hingga 2010 hampir sepertiga kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan adalah kasus kekerasan seksual, atau tercatat 91.311 kasus kekerasan seksual dari 295.836 total kasus kekerasan  terhadap perempuan. Selama 2010 tercatat 1.751 korban kekerasan seksual. Perkosaan merupakan suatu peristiwa  yang sulit dibuktikan walaupun pada kasus tersebut telah dilakukan pemeriksaan dan pengumpulan barang bukti yang lengkap. Dalam upaya pembuktian hukum bahwa telah terjadi tindak pidana perkosaan, maka dalam hal ini Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik sangat berperan dalam melakukan pemeriksaan dan untuk memperoleh penjelasan atas peristiwa yang terjadi secara medis.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penatalaksanaan Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dalam pembuktian tindak pidana pemerkosaan. Untuk mengetahui segi hukum dan medis Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dalam pembuktian kasus kejahatan kekerasan seksual. Kata kunci – forensic science, sexual assault, rape.

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