The Influence of Methylphenidate on Hyperactivity and Attention Deficits in Children With ADHD: A Virtual Classroom Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mühlberger ◽  
K. Jekel ◽  
T. Probst ◽  
M. Schecklmann ◽  
A. Conzelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Virtual Classroom ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Omission Errors

Objective: This study compares the performance in a continuous performance test within a virtual reality classroom (CPT-VRC) between medicated children with ADHD, unmedicated children with ADHD, and healthy children. Method: N = 94 children with ADHD ( n = 26 of them received methylphenidate and n = 68 were unmedicated) and n = 34 healthy children performed the CPT-VRC. Omission errors, reaction time/variability, commission errors, and body movements were assessed. Furthermore, ADHD questionnaires were administered and compared with the CPT-VRC measures. Results: The unmedicated ADHD group exhibited more omission errors and showed slower reaction times than the healthy group. Reaction time variability was higher in the unmedicated ADHD group compared with both the healthy and the medicated ADHD group. Omission errors and reaction time variability were associated with inattentiveness ratings of experimenters. Head movements were correlated with hyperactivity ratings of parents and experimenters. Conclusion: Virtual reality is a promising technology to assess ADHD symptoms in an ecologically valid environment.

The Impact of Concurrent Noise on Visual Search in Children With ADHD

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 1344-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Allen ◽  
Kristen Pammer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Noise Stimulus ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a concurrent “white noise” stimulus on selective attention in children with ADHD. Method: Participants were 33 children aged 7 to 14 years, who had been previously diagnosed with ADHD. All children completed a computer-based conjunction search task under two noise conditions: a classroom noise condition and a classroom noise + white noise condition. The white noise stimulus was sounds of rain, administered using an iPhone application called Sleep Machine. Results: There were no overall differences between conditions for target detection accuracy, mean reaction time (RT), or reaction time variability ( SD). The impact of white noise on visual search depended on children’s medication status. Conclusion: White noise may improve task engagement for non-medicated children. White noise may be beneficial for task performance when used as an adjunct to medication.

"Evidence for higher reaction time variability for children with ADHD on a range of cognitive tasks including reward and event rate manipulations": Correction to Epstein et al. (2011).

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery N. Epstein ◽  
Joshua M. Langberg ◽  
Paul J. Rosen ◽  
Amanda Graham ◽  
Megan E. Narad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Children With Adhd

Medication Effects on Reaction-Time Variability in Children With ADHD

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya N. Antonini ◽  
Megan E. Narad ◽  
Amanda Graham ◽  
Bill Brinkman ◽  
Paul Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Medication Effects

scholarly journals Effects of Stimulant Medication, Incentives, and Event Rate on Reaction Time Variability in Children With ADHD

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1060-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery N Epstein ◽  
William B Brinkman ◽  
Tanya Froehlich ◽  
Joshua M Langberg ◽  
Megan E Narad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Children With Adhd

scholarly journals Evidence for higher reaction time variability for children with ADHD on a range of cognitive tasks including reward and event rate manipulations.

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery N. Epstein ◽  
Joshua M. Langberg ◽  
Paul J. Rosen ◽  
Amanda Graham ◽  
Megan E. Narad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Event Rate ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Children With Adhd

scholarly journals Reaction Time Variability in Children With ADHD Symptoms and/or Dyslexia

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Gooch ◽  
Margaret J. Snowling ◽  
Charles Hulme
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Children With Adhd

Neuroticism and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Self-Paced Speeded Mental Addition and Comparison

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagen C. Flehmig ◽  
Michael B. Steinborn ◽  
Karl Westhoff ◽  
Robert Langner
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Mental Addition ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Accuracy Tradeoff

Previous research suggests a relationship between neuroticism (N) and the speed-accuracy tradeoff in speeded performance: High-N individuals were observed performing less efficiently than low-N individuals and compensatorily overemphasizing response speed at the expense of accuracy. This study examined N-related performance differences in the serial mental addition and comparison task (SMACT) in 99 individuals, comparing several performance measures (i.e., response speed, accuracy, and variability), retest reliability, and practice effects. N was negatively correlated with mean reaction time but positively correlated with error percentage, indicating that high-N individuals tended to be faster but less accurate in their performance than low-N individuals. The strengthening of the relationship after practice demonstrated the reliability of the findings. There was, however, no relationship between N and distractibility (assessed via measures of reaction time variability). Our main findings are in line with the processing efficiency theory, extending the relationship between N and working style to sustained self-paced speeded mental addition.

scholarly journals Lateralization of attention in adults with ADHD: Evidence of pseudoneglect

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Helfer ◽  
Stefanos Maltezos ◽  
Elizabeth Liddle ◽  
Jonna Kuntsi ◽  
Philip Asherson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Incentive Condition ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background. We investigated whether adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show pseudoneglect—preferential allocation of attention to the left visual field (LVF) and a resulting slowing of mean reaction times (MRTs) in the right visual field (RVF), characteristic of neurotypical (NT) individuals —and whether lateralization of attention is modulated by presentation speed and incentives. Method. Fast Task, a four-choice reaction-time task where stimuli were presented in LVF or RVF, was used to investigate differences in MRT and reaction time variability (RTV) in adults with ADHD (n = 43) and NT adults (n = 46) between a slow/no-incentive and fast/incentive condition. In the lateralization analyses, pseudoneglect was assessed based on MRT, which was calculated separately for the LVF and RVF for each condition and each study participant. Results. Adults with ADHD had overall slower MRT and increased RTV relative to NT. MRT and RTV improved under the fast/incentive condition. Both groups showed RVF-slowing with no between-group or between-conditions differences in RVF-slowing. Conclusion. Adults with ADHD exhibited pseudoneglect, a NT pattern of lateralization of attention, which was not attenuated by presentation speed and incentives.

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