Interaction of DRD4 Methylation and Phthalate Metabolites Affects Continuous Performance Test Performance in ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Inhyang Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Kim ◽  
Inkyung Shin ◽  
Bung-Nyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Phthalate Metabolite ◽  
Omission Errors

Objective: We investigated the interaction effect between the methylation of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and phthalate exposure in ADHD on continuous performance test (CPT) variables. Method: Urine concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) were tested. The methylation status was analyzed for CpG sites of DRD4. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the interaction effects of methylation and phthalate levels. Results: There was a significant interaction effect of the methylation of CpG26 and CpG28 with the MEHHP level on omission errors in ADHD patients, but not in controls. The post hoc analysis revealed a significant correlation between the MEHHP concentration and omission errors in the methylated group, but not in the unmethylated group. Conclusion: The interaction between the methylation status of CpG sites of DRD4, particularly CpG26 and CpG28, and phthalate metabolite levels affects the attention level in ADHD patients.

Continuous Performance Test Is Sensitive to a Single Methylphenidate Challenge in Preschool Children With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Peskin ◽  
Eliane Sommerfeld ◽  
Yael Basford ◽  
Shlomit Rozen ◽  
Gil Zalsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Omission Errors

Objective: There is a lack of evidence-based diagnostic paradigms and personalized interventions for preschoolers with ADHD. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of preschoolers diagnosed with ADHD on a continuous performance test (CPT) before and after a single methylphenidate (MPH) challenge. Method: The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA)—a CPT—was administered to 61 preschoolers (5.64 ± 0.69 years; 74% boys) with ADHD before and after a single MPH challenge (0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg). Baseline TOVA performance was correlated with Conners’ Rating Scales (CRS) and compared with post-MPH TOVA performance. Results: A high rate of omission errors and several significant correlations between TOVA values and CRS scores were found at baseline. A single MPH administration improved TOVA performance significantly and was well tolerated. Conclusion: TOVA assessment may assist in the evaluation of the effect of MPH in preschoolers with ADHD and may help in planning interventions for them.

scholarly journals A-13 Sustained Attention, Impulsivity, and Tangentiality of Speech Among Young Adults and Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 872-872
Author(s):  
J Helphrey ◽  
L Smith ◽  
D Rodriguez ◽  
D Rose III ◽  
J Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Omission Errors

Abstract Objective Previous research has linked off-topic verbosity (OTV) among older adults with lower performance on neuropsychological tests tapping attention and executive functioning. However, most of this research has utilized relatively brief neurocognitive measures. Continuous performance tests (CPTs) measure sustained attention and impulsivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between sustained attention, impulsivity, and tangentiality of speech among young adults and older adults. Method Young adult college students (age 18-29; n= 61) and healthy, community-dwelling older adults (age 60-99; n = 81) were administered the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test – 3 and provided a sample of speech (one episodic memory and one procedural memory). These speech samples were transcribed and rated for tangentiality by three independent reviewers. Results Among all participants, greater tangentiality of speech was associated with omission errors (r = .22, p = .01) but not with commission errors. This same pattern was found among older adults: omission errors (r = .23, p = .04) were associated with greater tangentiality but commission errors were not. Among young adults, these relationships were not statistically significant. Conclusions Results suggest that tangentiality of speech is associated with inattentiveness but not impulsivity, and this relationship may be more marked among older adults than young adults. OTV among older adults may stem from difficulty sustaining attention over time rather than diminished capacity for inhibiting impulses.

Age-Related Changes in Distractibility: Developmental Trajectory of Sustained Attention in ADHD

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 1333-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ortal Slobodin ◽  
Hanoch Cassuto ◽  
Itai Berger
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Core ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Omission Errors ◽  
Age Related Changes

Objective: This study investigated age-related changes in sustained attention in children with ADHD and in their typically developed peers. Method: The study used a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) that includes visual and auditory stimuli serving as distractors. The rate of omission errors was used as a measurement of difficulty in sustained attention. Participants were children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years (478 with ADHD and 361 without ADHD). Results: Both groups of adolescents (with and without ADHD) showed reduced distractibility than younger children from the same group. However, distractibility tended to diminish in non-ADHD adolescents, but not in adolescents with ADHD. Conclusion: Although part of the difficulties in ADHD could be explained by developmental delay that improves with time, other deficits, such as increased distractibility causing more omission errors, do not show a clear developmental trajectory. The results suggest that deficits in inhibitory control might be the core of ADHD.

scholarly journals The Use of Lower or Higher Than Recommended Doses of Folic Acid Supplements during Pregnancy Is Associated with Child Attentional Dysfunction at 4–5 Years of Age in the INMA Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Laura María Compañ Gabucio ◽  
Manuela García de la Hera ◽  
Laura Torres Collado ◽  
Ana Fernández-Somoano ◽  
Adonina Tardón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Attentional Function ◽  
Folic Acid Supplements ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Attentional Dysfunction ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Omission Errors

We assessed the association between the use of lower- and higher-than-recommended doses of folic acid supplements (FAs) during pregnancy and attentional function in boys and girls at age of 4–5. We analyzed data from 1329 mother-child pairs from the mother-child cohort INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project (INMA) study. Information on FAs use during pregnancy was collected in personal interviews at weeks 12 and 30, and categorized in <400, 400–999 (recommended dose), and ≥1000 μg/day. Child attentional function was assessed by Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test. Multivariable regression analyses were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared to recommended FAs doses, the periconceptional use of <400 and ≥1000 μg/day was associated with higher risk of omission errors—IRR = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01; 1.29) and IRR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.33), respectively. The use of FAs < 400 μg/day and ≥1000 μg/day was significantly associated with deficits of attentional function only in boys. FAs use < 400 μg/day was associated with higher omission errors with IRR = 1.22 and increased hit reaction time (HRT) β = 34.36, and FAs use ≥ 1000 μg/day was associated with increased HRT β = 33.18 and HRT standard error β = 3.31. The periconceptional use of FAs below or above the recommended doses is associated with deficits of attentional function in children at age of 4–5, particularly in boys.

The GRIN2B and GRIN2A Gene Variants Are Associated With Continuous Performance Test Variables in ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1538-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Inhyang Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Kim ◽  
Subin Park ◽  
Soon-Beom Hong ◽  
Dong Soo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Nmda Receptor Subunit ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Omission Errors ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Objective: To examine the association between variants of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit-encoding genes ( GRIN2A and GRIN2B) and continuous performance test (CPT) variables in ADHD and healthy controls. Method: In all, 253 ADHD patients and 98 controls were recruited. The diagnosis, genotype, and diagnosis–genotype interaction effects for the CPT variables were examined. Results: Significant diagnosis effects were detected for all CPT variables. There were significant genotype and interaction effects on response time variability (RTV) by the GRIN2B variant. The C/C subgroup had higher RTV than the C/T + T/T subgroup in ADHD, but not in controls. There were significant genotype effects on omission errors by the GRIN2A variant. The G/G subgroup had more omission errors than the G/A + A/A subgroup in ADHD patients, but not in controls. Conclusion: These results suggest that the genetic variants of GRIN2B and GRIN2A confer an increased susceptibility to attentional impairment in ADHD patients.

The use and meaning of the continuous performance test in schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Bellani ◽  
Paolo Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Assessment ◽  
Behavioural Assessment ◽  
Omission Errors

AbstractThe continuous performance test (CPT) is a behavioural assessment of attentional modulation of the motor system (Rosvold et al., 1956). It has firstly been used in patients with brain injuries and then applied to assess sustained attention and vigilance in epilepsy, brain tumor, dementia, schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders (Rosvold et al., 1956; Honey et al., 2005; Kanaka et al., 2008). There are several versions of the test. For instance, the X-CPT version presents randomly different stimuli and subjects are asked to push a button only on presentation of the target stimuli (X). In the AX-CPT version, the subjects are required to push the button only when a cue stimulus is presented before the target one (A before X). The following items are measured for the X and AX tasks: omission errors (number of times subjects fail to respond to target stimulation), commission errors (number of times subjects respond to non target stimulation), average reaction time and coefficient of variance for both correct reactions and commission errors (Suwa et al., 2004). There are other versions, such as the CPT-not X version where the subjects are asked not to push a button when the target stimulus (X) is presented; the Degraded Stimuli (DS)-CPT (Nuechterlein, 1983); the CPT playing card version (Rutschmann et al., 1977); and the CPT Identical Pairs version (Cornblatt et al., 1988), which is a more difficult task prepared to assess high risk population. Interestingly, the Identical Pairs version has been included in the Matrics neurocognitive assessment, a consensus cognitive battery for clinical trials of cognition in schizophrenia (Nuechterlein et al., 2008).

Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) bei Kindern mit hyperkinetischem Syndrom - eine experimentelle Untersuchung mittels des Continuous Performance Test (CPT)

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hennighausen ◽  
G. Schulte-Körne ◽  
A. Warnke ◽  
H. Remschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Experimentelle Untersuchung

Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Gibt es neurophysiologische Korrelate der Aufmerksamkeitsstörung beim hyperkinetischen Syndrom (HKS) und welche Bedeutung haben diese für die Ätiologie der Störung. Methodik: Selektive Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse wurden anhand des zweistufigen Continuous Performance Test (CPT) bei 18 Jungen mit hyperkinetischem Syndrom (HKS) untersucht und mit einer nach dem Alter parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe von 21 Jungen verglichen. Die Altersspanne der Stichprobe betrug 6 bis 12 Jahre. Parallel dazu wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKP) während des Tests an den Elektrodenpositionen Fz, Cz, Pz und Oz mit Referenz zu verbundenen Ohren abgeleitet. Ergebnisse: Im EKP nach dem präparatorischen Stimulus konnten zwei Komponenten der Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) mit unterschiedlicher topographischer Verteilung identifiziert werden (CNV-1: 600 bis 1100 ms und CNV-2: 1000 bis 1500 ms nach Stimulus). Die Stichproben unterschieden sich nicht auf der Verhaltensebene (Fehlerrate und Reaktionszeit). Signifikante Gruppenunterschiede ergaben sich hinsichtlich der Topographie der beiden CNV-Komponenten. Kinder mit HKS zeigten im Vergleich zu Kontrollkindern eine signifikant niedrigere CNV-1 über der frontalen und eine Tendenz zu stärkerer Negativierung (CNV-1 und CNV-2) über der occipitalen Elektrode. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Hypothese einer Unterfunktion frontaler inhibitorischer Prozesse bei Kindern mit HKS.

Comparing the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test With Other Measures of Tests of Attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubi Lufi ◽  
Shachar Pan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Adhd Assessment ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Continuous Performance Tests ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Several studies have shown that Continuous Performance Tests (CPT) can diagnose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) better than other tests. Research reporting comparisons of two or more CPT-type tests is scarce. The purpose of the study was to compare the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test (MATH-CPT) with another CPT-type test (CPT II) and a questionnaire (the Brown Scale). The comparison was carried out by looking at correlations among subscales and checking the precision of detecting ADHD. Ninety-five high school and college students participated in the study, 41 with ADHD were the research group and 54 were the control group. The participants performed the two tests and answered the questionnaire. The results showed that the MATH-CPT correctly identified 74.50% of the participants of both groups as compared to the 71.60% of the CPT II. Correlations between the two CPT-type tests were moderate; however, they were similar to correlations found in other studies comparing similar tools. The MATH-CPT, final attention formula, showed significant correlations with the Brown scales, while the CPT II, confidence index associated with ADHD assessment, showed nonsignificant correlations with the questionnaire. The study indicated that MATH-CPT can be used with a clinical population of ADHD and for research purposes.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation in LIME1 and SPTBN2 Genes Is Associated with Attention Deficit in Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Sung-Chou Li ◽  
Ho-Chang Kuo ◽  
Lien-Hung Huang ◽  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
Sheng-Yu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Healthy Control

DNA methylation levels are associated with neurodevelopment. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by attention deficits, is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. We used methylation microarray and pyrosequencing to detect peripheral blood DNA methylation markers of ADHD. DNA methylation profiling data from the microarray assays identified potential differentially methylated CpG sites between 12 ADHD patients and 9 controls. Five candidate CpG sites (cg00446123, cg20513976, cg07922513, cg17096979, and cg02506324) in four genes (LIME1, KCNAB2, CAPN9, and SPTBN2) were further examined with pyrosequencing. The attention of patients were tested using the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT). In total, 126 ADHD patients with a mean age of 9.2 years (78.6% males) and 72 healthy control subjects with a mean age of 9.3 years (62.5% males) were recruited. When all participants were categorized by their CPT performance, the DNA methylation levels in LIME1 (cg00446123 and cg20513976) were found to be significantly higher and those in SPTBN2 (cg02506324) were significantly lower in children with worse CPT performance. Therefore, DNA methylation of two CpG sites in LIME1 and one CpG site in SPTBN2 is associated with attention deficits in children. DNA methylation biomarkers may assist in identifying attention deficits of children in clinical settings.

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