Is Man the Measure of All Things? A Social Cognitive Account of Androcentrism

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
April H. Bailey ◽  
Marianne LaFrance ◽  
John F. Dovidio
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Gender Specific

Androcentrism refers to the propensity to center society around men and men’s needs, priorities, and values and to relegate women to the periphery. Androcentrism also positions men as the gender-neutral standard while marking women as gender-specific. Examples of androcentrism include the use of male terms (e.g., he), images, and research participants to represent everyone. Androcentrism has been shown to have serious consequences. For example, women’s health has been adversely affected by over-generalized medical research based solely on male participants. Nonetheless, relatively little is known about androcentrism’s proximate psychological causes. In the present review, we propose a social cognitive perspective arguing that both social power and categorization processes are integral to understanding androcentrism. We present and evaluate three possible pathways to androcentrism deriving from (a) men being more frequently instantiated than women, (b) masculinity being more “ideal” than femininity, and/or (c) masculinity being more common than femininity.

scholarly journals (P1-20) Disasters and Women's Health: The 2010 Earthquake in Haiti

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s105-s105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bloem ◽  
A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Patient Privacy ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Organization Communication

BackgroundRecent reports have highlighted the health disparities that women and other vulnerable populations experience following disasters. Humanitarian groups have struggled to implement effective measures to mitigate such disparities during subsequent disasters.ObjectivesTo analyze and provide practical solutions to mitigate barrier's to women's health encountered in Haiti following the 7.0 magnitude earthquake in January 2010.MethodsIn February 2010, a New York based team of emergency and international medicine specialists staffed the mobile emergency department in Port au Prince at L'Hôpital de l'Université d'Etat d'Haïti.ResultsCommon presentations included infectious diseases, traumatic injuries, chronic disease exacerbations, and follow-up for earthquake-associated conditions. Female gender-specific problems included vaginal infections, breast pain or masses, pregnancy-related concerns, and the effects of gender-based violence. Identified barriers to effective gender-specific care included communication, camp geography, supply availability, and poor inter-organization communication.DiscussionRecent disasters in Haiti, Pakistan, and elsewhere have challenged the international health community to provide gender-balanced healthcare in sub-optimal environments. Much room for improvement remains. Although our assessment team was gender-balanced, improved incorporation of Haitian personnel may have enhanced patient trust, and improved cultural sensitivity and communication. Camp geography should foster both patient privacy and security during sensitive examinations. This could have been improved upon by geographically separating men's and women's treatment areas and using a barrier screen to generate a more private examination environment. Women's health supplies must include an appropriate exam table, emergency obstetrical and midwifery supplies, urine dipsticks, and sanitary and reproductive health supplies. A referral system must be established for patients requiring a higher level-of-care. Lastly, improved inter-organization communication and promotion of resource pooling may improve treatment access and quality for select gender-based interventions.ConclusionSimple inexpensive modifications to organized post-disaster medical relief settings may dramatically reduce gender-based healthcare disparities.

scholarly journals One drug does not fit all: impact of sex and gender on pharmacological response

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Flavia Franconi ◽  
Ilaria Campesi
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pharmacological Response ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Gender Specific

It is important to remember that gender health and illness should not to be conflated with women's health and illness. Turshen1 reports that numerous studies with ‘gender’ in the title use the word gender as a synonym for ‘women’ and as a result, men's gender-specific needs are missed. In addition, in reporting demographic characteristics of the study participants, some clinical trialists use the term ‘gender’ and some ‘sex’ to indicate men and women and this may create confusion. It can be difficult to separate the two concepts, because there are continuous and constant interactions and relationships between sex and gender3. In other words, sex and gender work together. However, little attention is paid to the fact that gender is a sex modifier. It is relevant to have in mind that both sex and gender affect health and illness4.

scholarly journals POLYGYNY AND WOMEN'S HEALTH IN RURAL MALI

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. BOVE ◽  
EMILY VALA-HAYNES ◽  
CLAUDIA VALEGGIA
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

SummaryWomen's social networks and social power are increasingly seen as important factors modulating their health in sub-Saharan Africa. Polygyny, a common marital structure in many societies, mediates important intra-household relationships by requiring both competition and co-operation among co-wives. Using mixed methods, semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 298 women aged 15–84 living in the Kolondiéba region of rural Mali in 1999, and supplemented by detailed interviews with 40 women. Three categories of outcome were explored: illness experience, therapeutic itinerary and social support received. Quantitative data were analysed using regression analysis and qualitative data using a grounded theory approach. In quantitative analyses, controlling for age and household wealth index, senior wives were less likely to be escorted to a healer by their husbands during illness than were junior wives or monogamous women. Polygynous women were also less likely to obtain a treatment for which there was a monetary fee. Fewer than one-third of polygynous women reported the assistance of a co-wife during illness in any given task. In qualitative analyses, women further related varied mechanisms through which polygyny impacted their health trajectories. These ranged from strongly supportive relationships, to jealousy because of unequal health or fertility, bias in emotional and material support provided by husbands, and accusations of wrong-doing and witchcraft. This study highlights the need for more prospective mixed methods analyses to further clarify the impact of polygyny on women's health-related experiences and behaviours in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Menstrual Justice: A Missing Element in India’s Health Policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 511-527
Author(s):  
Swatija Manorama ◽  
Radhika Desai
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Missing Element

Abstract Proposing a novel framework of menstrual justice, the chapter argues that women’s health needs must be understood as the result of the complex interplay of their everyday gendered experiences of living, their biology, and their medical condition. The Indian state’s health policies fail women because they do not recognize that the marking of women as impure menstruating bodies is a cause of women’s health inequity from birth to death. This very denial by the state policy of women’s gendered experience of health is menstrual injustice. The chapter elaborates on this idea by establishing the links between women’s stigmatization as menstruating bodies, lack of control over their bodies, and ill-health, pointing to the high incidence of a variety of menstrual health problems in pre-menarche, during menstruation, perimenopause and postmenopause. The chapter then identifies the gender-specific biases, blind spots, gaps, and barriers in state policies that impede the security of women’s health across their life-cycles.

Women’s Health and Gender-Specific Considerations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison N. Huffstetler ◽  
Sarah I. Ramirez ◽  
Sarah N. Dalrymple ◽  
Megan H. Mendez Miller
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Role of Nurses in the Management of Common Gynecological Diseases: Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hardeep Tuli
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Specialist Nurse ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Gynecological Diseases

In recent years the role of the specialist nurse with respect to gynecology and women’s health has gained significant importance. The advancement in the nursing practice has provided an insight to interact with patients to explore their history. Such hysteroscopy procedures may not only give a better feel to the patient but also explore the need for doctor treatment. The review updates about the ongoing advances in the field of nursing science to upgrade the life of patients with gynecological diseases. Evidence has suggested the promising role of nurses to motivate patients with improved health after the treatment. The present review will cover the various health issues of women including menstrual dysfunction, fertility, and management of pregnancy’s termination, uro-gynecological issues, and gyne-oncology, etc. The role of nurses during the above health issue will be discussed via various procedures. Therefore, the present review will conclude the significant importance of nurses in women’s health issues to sustain happiness and to strengthen the need to bring advances in the curriculum of nurses to full fill the requirement of medical staff.

scholarly journals Recruitment of Women Research Participants: The Women's Health Registry at the University of Michigan

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet L. Rogers ◽  
Timothy R.B. Johnson ◽  
Morton B. Brown ◽  
Paula M. Lantz ◽  
Ardeth Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Health Registry ◽  
The University

A Call to Action for Evidence-Based Military Women’s Health Care: Developing a Women’s Health Research Agenda That Addresses Sex and Gender in Health and Illness

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Trego ◽  
Candy Wilson ◽  
Nancy Steele
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Military Health Care ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Women in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines are serving in complex occupational specialties that sustain national policy and ensure combat effectiveness of our forces. Their roles have evolved from supportive roles during early conflicts to active roles in combat support and counterinsurgency operations today. Although women have received military health care over the past three decades, sex- and gender-specific care has been limited to reproductive needs and has rarely addressed military-specific health risks and outcomes. The complexity of military jobs and increased deployments to combat operations has led to increased occupational and health risks for women. As differences have been noted between men and women’s deployment-related health outcomes, it is incumbent on the Military Health Care System (MHS) to create an evidence base that addresses sex and gender differences in the health of its service members. A working group of military women’s health advanced practice nurses (APN) and research experts proposes to address this gap in knowledge and practices through sex- and gender-specific research. A sex-and gender-based research agenda for military women’s health will be a valuable instrument to those who are dedicated to the health of this population, including members of the Army, Navy, and Air Force military nursing community. Using the knowledge that the research agenda generates, military health care providers can develop clinical practice guidelines, influence policy, and participate in program development to improve the health of servicewomen. Shaping a sex- and gender-specific military women’s health research agenda will create the foundation for future evidence-based care.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document