OCT-angiography for the diagnosis of radiation maculopathy in patients treated with proton beam therapy: A 2-year prospective study

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110673
Author(s):  
Louis Marin ◽  
Elsa Toumi ◽  
Jean-Pierre Caujolle ◽  
Jérôme Doyen ◽  
Arnaud Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Choroidal Melanoma ◽  
Proton Beam Therapy ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Hard Exudates ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Purpose Radiation maculopathy (RM) is the leading cause of visual acuity (VA) loss after proton beam therapy (PBT) of choroidal melanoma. The aim of this study was to assess the value of optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) for the diagnosis of RM in patients with choroidal melanoma treated with PBT. Materials & methods This 2-year prospective, descriptive, single-center study included patients treated with PBT for choroidal melanoma. VA measurement, retinography, OCT and OCT-A were performed. Vascular density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), peri-foveal anastomotic ring changes and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) enlargement were studied. Results Nineteen patients were included in the study. The median baseline melanoma thickness was 5.7 [3.6–8.1] mm. The median melanoma-to-macula distance was 3.5 [2.6–4.6] mm. The earliest signs of RM identified on retinography were hard exudates developing at 12 [12–24] months, followed by retinal hemorrhages at 18 [12–30] months, found in 88.9% and 77.8% of patients respectively. On OCT, the earliest sign was the onset/progression of cystoid macular edema (CME) at 12 [6–12] months, found in 10 patients (52.6%). On OCT-A, 100% of patients presented with a discontinuity of the perifoveal anastomotic ring and a FAZ enlargement after 12 [6–24] months. After 12 months, a VD loss in the SCP by 11.7% and 10.8% compared to baseline, was found in the macular and foveal areas respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between the VA and the VD in the macular SCP (R = −0.43; p = 0.029). Conclusion OCT-A is a reliable and effective diagnostic tool for RM in patients with choroidal melanoma treated with PBT.

scholarly journals Effects of panretinal photocoagulation on macular vascular density and Foveal avascular zone area in patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy by optical coherence tomography angiography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjing Zhu ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Qinghuai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Abstract Aim: To describe the changes of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) characteristics in severe non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(S-NPDR) eyes. And study the effect of Panretinal photocoagulation(PRP) on these characteristics.Methods: This is a prospective study including 31 eyes from 18 consecutive patients with S-NPDR and 31 eyes of healthy subjects. We measured macular vascular density (VD) and foveal avascular zone(FAZ) area by an OCTA device. All patients with S-NPDR underwent PRP treatment. In S-NPDR eyes, the VD and foveal avascular zone(FAZ) area were assessed at 1 week before PRP, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months following PRP.Results: Compared with the normal control group ,in superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), macular VD decreased in S-NPDR group expect foveal VD. In foveal ,p=0.7;In parafoveal and perifoveal, p＜0.001. In deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP), macular VD was also lower in S-NPDR group. In foveal, p=0.01.In parafoveal and perifoveal, p＜0.001. And FAZ area expanded in S-NPDR eyes(p=0.05). In S-NPDR eyes , at 3 months after PRP, foveal VD in DCP increased significantly(p=0.04). At 6 months after PRP, foveal VD increased both in SCP and DCP (P=0.01,P=0.008,respectively). At 6 months after PRP,FAZ area decreased (p=0.04).Conclusions : Patients with S-NPDR have retinal microcirculation disorder, and PRP can partially improve the macular microcirculation. VD and FAZ can be used as sensitive indicators for follow-up observation of diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Foveal Microvascular Differences in Diabetic Macular Edema with and without Subfoveal Neuroretinal Detachment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Jian ◽  
Xu Ya Jing ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Liu Lun
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Difference

Purpose. This study is aimed at quantifying the difference of the foveal microvasculature in the eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) with and without subfoveal neuroretinal detachment (SND+ and SND-, respectively). Methods. This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 48 eyes from 42 patients with DME (20 SND+ and 28 SND- eyes). Data collection included fundus color photographs, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and best-corrected visual acuity. The following parameters were evaluated with OCTA: foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters and vessel density in a width of 300 μm around the FAZ, superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillary plexus. The number of retinal hyperreflective spots (HRS) and the area of SND in the central 3 mm were evaluated at 0 degrees using B-scans. Results. Parafoveal vessel densities of DCP were significantly lower in SND+ than in SND- eyes (p<0.001). The number of HRS was significantly higher in SND+ than in SND- eyes (p<0.001). A statistically significant negative correlation between parafoveal vessel density in DCP and the number of HRS in all eyes was found (Spearman’s correlation, r=0.389, p=0.006). Conclusion. DME with SND correlated with larger numbers of HRS and significant macular microvascular impairment in the DCP. The pathophysiology of decline of parafoveal vessel density in the DCP with an increase in the number of HRS in the eyes with DME with SND needs further investigation.

Foveal avascular zone in oculocutaneous albinism

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e240208
Author(s):  
Hana A Mansour ◽  
Sami Uwaydat ◽  
Muhamad H Yunis ◽  
Ahmad M Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Foveal Hypoplasia

Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in two patients with oculocutaneous albinism, one with severe nystagmus, showed persistence of both the superficial and the deep retinal capillary plexus adding another vascular feature to the foveal hypoplasia.

scholarly journals Ocular Vascular Changes in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: Foveal Avascular Zone, Choroidal Thickness, and ONH Hemoglobin Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Elena Salobrar-Garcia ◽  
Carmen Méndez-Hernández ◽  
Rosa de Hoz ◽  
Ana I. Ramírez ◽  
Inés López-Cuenca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Smooth Musculature ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Early Biomarker ◽  
The Brain

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular changes could be caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates replacing the contractile smooth musculature of the arteriole walls. These changes happen in the brain vascular network, but also in the eye, and are related to decreased vascular density and low blood flow. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease, thinning of the choroid and the retina has been shown. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the retinal and choroidal vascular systems, analyzing the choroidal thickness with optical coherence tomography (OCT), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) with OCT-angiography (OCTA), and the optic nerve head (ONH) hemoglobin with the Laguna ONhE program, to evaluate which of the two ocular vascular systems shows earlier changes in mild AD patients. These patients, compared to controls, showed a significantly thinner choroid at all the analyzed points, with the exception of the temporal macula (at 1000 and 1500 µm from the fovea). On the other hand, the FAZ and ONH hemoglobin did not show significant differences. In conclusion, a thinner choroid was the main ocular vascular change observed in mild AD patients, while the retinal vessels were not yet affected. Therefore, choroidal thickness could be used an early biomarker in AD.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Grazia Montrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Stefania Balestra ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate a subset of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography, assessing the differences in macular perfusion between diseased eyes and healthy controls. Methods: Monocentric cross-sectional study, including 86 eyes from 43 diabetic patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes from 39 controls. Patients underwent 3.0 × 3.0 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel density (%), foveal avascular zone area (mm2), and avascular density (%) were provided for the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Results: The foveal avascular zone area at the superficial capillary plexus was larger in the study group compared to controls, irrespective of the area of the slab considered. A meaningful difference was found in the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus of the 3.0 × 3.0 mm slab (p = 0.03). Almost all the variables considered in the study showed a significant within-subject effect. Age significantly correlated with vessel density of superficial capillary plexus on 4.5 × 4.5 mm in both control and diabetic eyes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with subclinical diabetic retinopathy feature a larger foveal avascular zone at the superficial capillary plexus compared with controls, as well as relative reduction of the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus. These findings might serve as the basis for screening between normal and diabetic subjects.

Foveal Avascular Zone Area Analysis Using OCT Angiography After Pneumatic Retinopexy for Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Carolina L. M. Francisconi ◽  
David Ta Kim ◽  
Verena Juncal ◽  
Jenny Qian ◽  
Koby Brosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Pneumatic Retinopexy ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose: Recent publications have reported that the deep capillary plexus (DCP) area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is significantly larger in eyes following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair when compared with controls. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there have been no publications on the evaluation of the macular microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in post–pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) eyes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate FAZ-area changes following PnR. Methods: This retrospective cohort included 19 patients with macula-off RRD who underwent PnR repair. Each patient’s fellow eye was used as a control. The FAZ area in the superficial capillary plexus and DCP was investigated with OCTA and the areas were measured by 2 masked graders. Results: Both superficial (PnR: 0.22 [0.16-0.35] vs control: 0.24 [0.18-0.34] mm2; P = .715) and deep (PnR: 0.56 [0.51-0.76] vs control: 0.7 [0.59-0.89] mm2; P = .105) FAZ areas were not significantly different between eyes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the lack of FAZ-area enlargement after PnR repair may indicate that there is less ischemic damage to the retinal capillary plexus in the fovea when compared with that described in the literature for PPV. The PIVOT trial demonstrated that PnR is associated with superior visual acuity and less metamorphopsia when compared with PPV at 1 year. The results of the current study may provide insight into the potential advantages of PnR. Further studies are needed to elucidate how the macular microvasculature is affected after RRD and to clarify how the FAZ area changes following PnR and PPV.

Proton Beam Therapy of Parapapillary Choroidal Melanoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline I. Riechardt ◽  
Dino Cordini ◽  
Gregor D. Willerding ◽  
Inna Georgieva ◽  
Andreas Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Choroidal Melanoma ◽  
Proton Beam Therapy

scholarly journals Retinal Vascular Changes in Radiation Maculopathy after Intravitreal Ranibizumab by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda Cennamo ◽  
Daniela Montorio ◽  
Roberta Bernardo ◽  
Antonio Farella ◽  
Raffaele Liuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Choroidal Melanoma ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Sd Oct

In this prospective study, we investigated the structural and vascular retinal changes at baseline and after Ranibizumab injections at the last follow up to one year in patients affected by Radiation Maculopathy (RM) after plaque brachytheraphy in choroidal melanoma, using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and OCT Angiography (OCTA). A total of 40 eyes with RM of 40 patients (18 females, 22 males, mean age 51.9 ± 11 years) that underwent ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy were included. All patients received one monthly intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab (Pro Re Nata regimen). We analyzed the Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) area, the retinal vessel density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and of the deep capillary plexus (DCP), using OCTA, and we detected the Central Foveal Thickness (CFT) by SD-OCT at baseline and after treatment. At the last follow up, we found a significant improvement of the CFT (p < 0.001) while OCTA parameters revealed no change in VD of the SCP (p = 0.402), DCP (p = 0.282), and FAZ area (p = 0.255), resulting in a stabilization of the visual acuity (p = 0.210) respect to baseline. The absence of functional improvement, despite the anatomical recovery of the macula, could be due to the absence of improvement in FAZ area and in retinal VD after treatment. OCTA parameters could represent predictive biomarkers to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal response and to help to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms of the RM.

Relationship of Geographic Altitude with Foveal Avascular Zone Metrics and Vascular Density Values Assessed by OCT Angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-402
Author(s):  
Claudia Acosta ◽  
José Miguel Gloria ◽  
Alejandro Lavaque ◽  
Vania García ◽  
Evelin Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oct Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Relationship Of
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