scholarly journals Analytical Methods for the Determination of Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons (MOSH) and Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons (MOAH)—A Short Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117739011877775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Weber ◽  
Karola Schrag ◽  
Gerd Mildau ◽  
Thomas Kuballa ◽  
Stephan G Walch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Living Organisms

Mineral oils (such as paraffinum liquidum or white oil), which consist of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH), are widely applied in various consumer products such as medicines and cosmetics. Contamination of food with mineral oil may occur by migration of mineral oil containing products from packaging materials, or during the food production process, as well as by environmental contamination during agricultural production. Considerable analytical interest was initiated by the potential adverse health effects, especially carcinogenic effects of some aromatic hydrocarbons. This article reviews the history of mineral oil analysis, starting with gravimetric and photometric methods, followed by on-line-coupled liquid chromatography with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (LC-GC-FID), which still is considered as gold standard for MOSH-MOAH analysis. Comprehensive tables of applications in the fields of cosmetics, foods, food contact materials, and living organisms are provided. Further methods including GCxGC-MS methods are reviewed, which may be suitable for confirmation of LC-GC-FID results and identification of compound classes. As alternative to chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has recently been suggested for MOSH-MOAH analysis, especially with the possibility of detecting only the toxicologically relevant aromatic rings. Furthermore, NMR may offer potential as rapid screening especially with low-field instruments usable for raw material control.

scholarly journals Review on Quantification of Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbon (MOAH) from Cosmetics by Analytical Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patel Visha Jitendrakumar ◽  
Dr. Alisha Patel
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Compounds ◽  
Mineral Oils

Mineral oils which consists mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH), which are largely applied in various consumer products like medicines cosmetics etc. MOAH which is potential public health hazard because it include carcinogenic polycyclic compounds. There is a rapid method for quantifying MOAH by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H qNMR) in anhydrous cosmetics. The 1H qNMR method is a good complement to the LC-GC-FID method. Another method is a simple and fast developed that uses columns packed with silver-modified silica in supercritical fluid chromatography with flame ionization and UV detection (SFC-FID/UV) for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and also mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in purified mineral oil samples. Another method which is based on gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV) and relies on the spectral differences between the aliphatic and aromatic compounds in the sample. The detector provides a good selectivity for aromatics, direct quantification of the MOAH content is possible without the need for a laborious pre-separation of the mineral oil. GC-VUV method good sensitive for the analysis of all but gives highest purity mineral oils.

scholarly journals Offline Solid-Phase Extraction and Separation of Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons and Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Edible Oils, and Analysis via GC with a Flame Ionization Detector

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2026
Author(s):  
José Luis Hidalgo Hidalgo Ruiz ◽  
Javier Arrebola Arrebola Liébanas ◽  
José Luis Martínez Martínez Vidal ◽  
Antonia Garrido Garrido Frenich ◽  
Roberto Romero Romero-González
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Online Extraction

A method was developed for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in edible oils, achieving similar limits of quantification than those obtained by online extraction methodologies, i.e., 0.5 mg/kg. The isolation of MOSH and MOAH was performed in a silver nitrated silica gel stationary phase prior to their analysis by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID). To improve the sensitivity, the simulated on-column injection method, using a suitable liner, was optimized. The method was validated at 0.5, 10.0 and 17.9 mg/kg, and recoveries ranged from 80 to 110%. Intra and inter-day precision were evaluated at the same levels, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 20%. The method was applied to a total of 27 samples of different types of oil previously analyzed in an accredited laboratory, detecting MOSH up to 79.2 mg/kg and MOAH up to 22.4 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetics and cosmetic raw materials using 1H NMR spectroscopy

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk W. Lachenmeier ◽  
Gerd Mildau ◽  
Anke Rullmann ◽  
Gerhard Marx ◽  
Stephan G. Walch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Compounds

Mineral hydrocarbons consist of two fractions, mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). MOAH is a potential public health hazard because it may include carcinogenic polycyclic compounds. In the present study, 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was introduced, in the context of official controls, to measure MOSH and MOAH in raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon final products (cosmetics and medicinal products). Quantitative determination (qNMR) has been established using the ERETIC methodology (electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations) based on the PULCON principle (pulse length based concentration determination). Various mineral hydrocarbons (e.g., white oils, paraffins or petroleum jelly) were dissolved in deuterated chloroform. The ERETIC factor was established using a quantification reference sample containing ethylbenzene and tetrachloronitrobenzene. The following spectral regions were integrated: MOSH δ 3.0 – 0.2 ppm and MOAH δ 9.2 - 6.5, excluding solvent signals. Validation showed a sufficient precision of the method with a coefficient of variation <6% and a limit of detection <0.1 g/100 g. The applicability of the method was proven by analysing 27 authentic samples with MOSH and MOAH contents in the range of 90-109 g/100 g and 0.02-1.10 g/100 g, respectively. It is important to distinguish this new NMR-approach from the hyphenated liquid chromatography-gas chromatography methodology previously used to characterize MOSH/MOAH amounts in cosmetic products. For mineral hydrocarbon raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetic products, NMR delivers higher specificity without any sample preparation besides dilution. Our sample survey shows that previous methods may have overestimated the MOAH amount in mineral oil products and opens new paths to characterize this fraction. Therefore, the developed method can be applied for routine monitoring of consumer products aiming to minimize public health risks.

Rapid screening of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in grains by fluorescence spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 458-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoqing Xie ◽  
Bingning Li ◽  
Lingling Liu ◽  
Jie Ouyang ◽  
Yanwen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Rapid Screening

scholarly journals Evaluation of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetics and cosmetic raw materials using 1H NMR spectroscopy

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk W. Lachenmeier ◽  
Gerd Mildau ◽  
Anke Rullmann ◽  
Gerhard Marx ◽  
Stephan G. Walch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Compounds

Mineral hydrocarbons consist of two fractions, mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). MOAH is a potential public health hazard because it may include carcinogenic polycyclic compounds. In the present study, 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was introduced, in the context of official controls, to measure MOSH and MOAH in raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon final products (cosmetics and medicinal products). Quantitative determination (qNMR) has been established using the ERETIC methodology (electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations) based on the PULCON principle (pulse length based concentration determination). Various mineral hydrocarbons (e.g., white oils, paraffins or petroleum jelly) were dissolved in deuterated chloroform. The ERETIC factor was established using a quantification reference sample containing ethylbenzene and tetrachloronitrobenzene. The following spectral regions were integrated: MOSH δ 3.0 – 0.2 ppm and MOAH δ 9.2 - 6.5, excluding solvent signals. Validation showed a sufficient precision of the method with a coefficient of variation <6% and a limit of detection <0.1 g/100 g. The applicability of the method was proven by analysing 27 authentic samples with MOSH and MOAH contents in the range of 90-109 g/100 g and 0.02-1.10 g/100 g, respectively. It is important to distinguish this new NMR-approach from the hyphenated liquid chromatography-gas chromatography methodology previously used to characterize MOSH/MOAH amounts in cosmetic products. For mineral hydrocarbon raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetic products, NMR delivers higher specificity without any sample preparation besides dilution. Our sample survey shows that previous methods may have overestimated the MOAH amount in mineral oil products and opens new paths to characterize this fraction. Therefore, the developed method can be applied for routine monitoring of consumer products aiming to minimize public health risks.

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