scholarly journals Using an Assessment Tool to Further Tobacco Control Accomplishment in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1179173X1875994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naowarut Charoenca ◽  
Nipapun Kungskulniti ◽  
Duangkamon Sritabutra ◽  
Siriwan Pitayarangsarit ◽  
Stephen L Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Level 2

Background: Because implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), a World Health Organization (WHO) treaty to reduce tobacco use, is an important goal of the 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Thailand has sought to fully comply with all its articles, a multiperspective assessment was developed to ensure that any gaps in compliance with FCTC provisions were identified and addressed. Method: One assessment mechanism of this multicomponent assessment was the development by experts and use by stakeholders of a 3-tiered rating of all major provisions of the main articles of the FCTC. The results of the performance ratings on FCTC articles by a diverse group of stakeholders were used to spotlight areas of local and regional implementation and compliance with FCTC provisions. Results: Implementation ratings by stakeholders generally followed the chronology of WHO priorities as reflected in the development by WHO of guidelines for the various FCTC articles with highest ratings for articles 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 16. However, only 5 articles (Articles 6, 11, 12, 15, and 16) reached level 2 (effectiveness) of the 3-level rating; articles 6, 8, 11, 13, and 14 are discussed because they are the WHO priority articles of the MPOWER tobacco control policy. Importantly, stakeholders cited problems with lack of completeness of present Thai law and processes for enforcement, as well as lack of public understanding regarding tobacco control strategies and provisions. Conclusions: Overall, the breadth and inclusiveness of the stakeholder approach devised for improving implementation by the Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Center provided greater understanding about shortcomings of present policy and resource management which informed the Tobacco Products Control Act passed in 2017 and plans for advancing stronger Thai regulation by local and national government.

scholarly journals A framework for scabies control

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009661
Author(s):  
Daniel Engelman ◽  
Michael Marks ◽  
Andrew C. Steer ◽  
Abate Beshah ◽  
Gautam Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization

Scabies is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that causes a significant health burden, particularly in disadvantaged communities and where there is overcrowding. There is emerging evidence that ivermectin-based mass drug administration (MDA) can reduce the prevalence of scabies in some settings, but evidence remains limited, and there are no formal guidelines to inform control efforts. An informal World Health Organization (WHO) consultation was organized to find agreement on strategies for global control. The consultation resulted in a framework for scabies control and recommendations for mapping of disease burden, delivery of interventions, and establishing monitoring and evaluation. Key operational research priorities were identified. This framework will allow countries to set control targets for scabies as part of national NTD strategic plans and develop control strategies using MDA for high-prevalence regions and outbreak situations. As further evidence and experience are collected and strategies are refined over time, formal guidelines can be developed. The control of scabies and the reduction of the health burden of scabies and associated conditions will be vital to achieving the targets set in WHO Roadmap for NTDs for 2021 to 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals.

The Politics of Global Tobacco Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 659-683
Author(s):  
Kelley Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Transnational Tobacco Companies

This chapter examines the politics that has shifted tobacco control policy over the past three decades, from a long-neglected public health issue to a flagship global health issue supported by collective action by state and non-state actors. These efforts were spurred by the expansion of leading transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) into emerging markets, beginning in the 1960s, amid growing regulation and declining sales in traditional markets. By the 1990s tobacco use was steadily rising in the wake of the global expansion of the tobacco industry. The negotiation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) became the focus of intense political contestation between a powerful industry seeking to protect its commercial interests and an alarmed public health community. Since adoption of the FCTC in 2004, this political battle has shifted to its effective implementation in signatory states. This has included the eventual negotiation of the FCTC Protocol to Eliminate the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products and continued efforts by the tobacco industry to sustain sales through a variety of political strategies.

scholarly journals Compliance with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Slovakia and in Finland: Two Different Worlds

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6661
Author(s):  
Barbara Pavlikova ◽  
Lenka Freel ◽  
Jitse P. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Free Environment

The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) developed by the State Parties to the World Health Organization was ratified in Slovakia in 2004 and in Finland in 2005. The aim of this study was to explore and compare compliance with the FCTC in Finland and Slovakia. This is a two-country comparative study of tobacco control policy based on implementation of the FCTC in Slovakia and Finland. Compliance with the FCTC was measured similarly in Slovakia and Finland in terms of their institutional structure supporting a smoking free environment and implementation of selected articles of the FCTC. In Finland the responsibilities for anti-tobacco policy are clearly assigned. Slovakia does not have specifically responsible institutions. Finland has a clear plan for achieving the goal of a smoking-free country based on empirical evidence. Slovakia meets only the minimum standard resulting from its commitment as ratified in the FCTC and data are out of date or missing completely.

KESEHATAN IBU HAMIL DARI PERSPEKTIF SOSIAL CULTURE/BUDAYA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization

Indonesia sehat adalah suatu gambaran kondisi Indonesia di masa depan, yakni masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara yang ditandai oleh penduduknya hidup dalam lingkungan dengan perilaku hidup sehat, memiliki kemampuan menjangkau pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu secara adil dan merata, serta mencapai derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya di seluruh wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). Visi Depkes 2010-2014 yaitu masyarakat sehat yang mandiri dan berkeadilan (Depkes, 2010). Setiap negara memiliki tolak ukur dalam pencapaian derajat kesehatan, diIndonesia salah satu indikator dalam pencapaian derajat kesehatan masyarakat sehat yang mandiri dan berkeadilan sesuai dengan visi Depkes 2010 –2014 adalah dengan target menurunkan kematian Ibu (AKI) dan angka kematian bayi (AKB) yang masih tinggi (Ronald, 2011).World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan angka kematian maternal di Indonesia diperkirakan mencapai 100 sampai 1.000 lebih per 100.000 dari kelahiran hidup. Hasil laporan kemajuan pencapaian Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) tahun 2007 Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia masih mencapai 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, tertinggi di Asia Tenggara (Sukowati, 2008). Dan berdasarkan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) pada tahun 2012 jumlah AKI di Indonesia yaitu 359 per 100 ribu kelahiran hidup (Depkes, 2012). Berdasarkan laporan diperkirakan 50.000.000 ibu setiap tahunnya mengalami masalah kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan komplikasi –komplikasi kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas.komplikasi yang adakaitannya dengan kehamilan berjumlah sekitar 18 % dari jumlah global penyakit yang di derita wanita pada usia reproduksi. Dan diperkirakan 40 % wanita hamil akan mengalami komplikasi sepanjang kehamilannya (Ronald, 2011). Menurut Ronald (2010) diperkirakan dari setiap ibu yang meninggal dalam kehamilan, karena menderita komplikasi, diakibatkan karena adanya penyebab langsung dan tidak langsung dari kematian ibu tersebut. Penyebab utama kematian ibu yaitu adanya perdarahan (25 %), sepsis (15%), hipertensi dalam kehamilan (12%), partus macet (8 %), komplikasi aborsi tidak aman (13%), dan penyebab lain (8%) maka penyebab tidak langsung dari kematian ibu seperti anemia. Sebab kematian ibu , mulai dari kehamilan itu sendiri terdapat banyak masalah yang salah satunya kehamilan dengan mitos –mitos yang baik sadar atau tidak disadari selalu hidup secara turun temurun dalam masyarakat. Mitos-mitos kehamilan ini dapat memberikan pengaruh bagi perilaku ibu hamil baik itu positif maupun negative. Dari penyebab kematian ibu tersebut masalah kematian maupun kesakitan dan kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan pada ibu tidak terlepas dari faktor sosial budaya dan lingkungan di dalam masyarakat. Disadari atau tidak faktor kebudayaan, kepercayaan dan pengetahuan budaya seperti berbagai pantangan, hubungan sebab akibat, antara makanan dan kondisi sehat sakit, kebiasaan, dan ketidaktahuan, seringkali membawa dampak positif maupun negatif terhadap kesehatan ibu. Pengetahuan, sosial dan budaya ibu yang sedang hamil akan memengaruhi kesehatan ibu saat hamil.

scholarly journals Mitigation/Adaptation and Health: Health Policymaking in the Global Response to Climate Change and Implications for other Upstream Determinants

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay F. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Health ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
The Face ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Development Objectives

In coming decades, enhanced global health governance will be crucial to achieving international health and development objectives in the face of a number of challenges; this article focuses on one of them. Climate change, which is now widely recognized as the defining challenge of the 21st century, will make the work of ensuring the conditions in which people can be healthy more difficult in a myriad of ways. Scientists from both the health and climate communities have been highlighting the significant interaction between climate and health for decades and have made significant strides in integrating health and environmental research. Those of us in the law and policy community have been a bit slow to catch up, and have only just begun to call for better integration of our responses to health and environmental concerns. Environmental health specialists at the World Health Organization have recently pointed to a mandate for better integration of health and environmental concerns within the United Nations system. The Millennium Development Goals interweave health, environmental, and development concerns.

scholarly journals Oral Tobaccco and Mortality in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. IJCM.S25889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Mohan ◽  
Harry A. Lando
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Indian Context

This comprehensive review includes large-scale pan-India surveys and regional studies. Every aspect of smokeless tobacco, including variations in social, economic, demographic, gender, and education stratifiers, is presented. This evidence-based presentation thereby provides insight not only to assess the burden but can serve as a base, leading to the development and encouragement of research in closing the existing gaps in knowledge. It can also provide a track to formulate tobacco control strategies as well as to reinforce and potentially guide tobacco control policy aimed at addressing the tailored needs in the Indian context. The recommendations expand the tobacco control spectrum and are the first of their kind in the literature to focus on cessation programs as a paramedical subject to draw the attention of not only policymakers but also to integrate medical and dental educational institutions, health care professionals, and tobacco users to synergistically develop successful tobacco control measures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Efforts for Tobacco Control in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heeje Lee ◽  
Minah Kang ◽  
Sangchul Yoon ◽  
Kee B. Park
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Tobacco use is one of the main public health concerns as it causes multiple diseases. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) is one of the 168 signatory countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) member states agreed to adopt the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, there is lack of information regarding the tobacco use in the DPRK and the government’s efforts for tobacco control. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of tobacco use among the DPRK people and the government’s efforts to control tobacco use among its population, through literature review combined with online media content analysis. In 2020, the prevalence of tobacco smoking in males of 15 years and older was 46.1%, whereas that in females was zero. The online media contents showed the DPRK government’s stewardship to promote population health by controlling tobacco use. Furthermore, the DPRK government has taken steps to implement the mandates of the FCTC including introduction of new laws, promotion of research, development of cessation aids, as well as public health campaigns.

KESEHATAN IBU HAMIL DARI PERSPEKTIF SOSIAL CULTURE/BUDAYA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization

Indonesia sehat adalah suatu gambaran kondisi Indonesia di masa depan, yakni masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara yang ditandai oleh penduduknya hidup dalam lingkungan dengan perilaku hidup sehat, memiliki kemampuan menjangkau pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu secara adil dan merata, serta mencapai derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya di seluruh wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). Visi Depkes 2010-2014 yaitu masyarakat sehat yang mandiri dan berkeadilan (Depkes, 2010). Setiap negara memiliki tolak ukur dalam pencapaian derajat kesehatan, diIndonesia salah satu indikator dalam pencapaian derajat kesehatan masyarakat sehat yang mandiri dan berkeadilan sesuai dengan visi Depkes 2010 –2014 adalah dengan target menurunkan kematian Ibu (AKI) dan angka kematian bayi (AKB) yang masih tinggi (Ronald, 2011).World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan angka kematian maternal di Indonesia diperkirakan mencapai 100 sampai 1.000 lebih per 100.000 dari kelahiran hidup. Hasil laporan kemajuan pencapaian Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) tahun 2007 Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia masih mencapai 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, tertinggi di Asia Tenggara (Sukowati, 2008). Dan berdasarkan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) pada tahun 2012 jumlah AKI di Indonesia yaitu 359 per 100 ribu kelahiran hidup (Depkes, 2012). Berdasarkan laporan diperkirakan 50.000.000 ibu setiap tahunnya mengalami masalah kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan komplikasi –komplikasi kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas.komplikasi yang adakaitannya dengan kehamilan berjumlah sekitar 18 % dari jumlah global penyakit yang di derita wanita pada usia reproduksi. Dan diperkirakan 40 % wanita hamil akan mengalami komplikasi sepanjang kehamilannya (Ronald, 2011). Menurut Ronald (2010) diperkirakan dari setiap ibu yang meninggal dalam kehamilan, karena menderita komplikasi, diakibatkan karena adanya penyebab langsung dan tidak langsung dari kematian ibu tersebut. Penyebab utama kematian ibu yaitu adanya perdarahan (25 %), sepsis (15%), hipertensi dalam kehamilan (12%), partus macet (8 %), komplikasi aborsi tidak aman (13%), dan penyebab lain (8%) maka penyebab tidak langsung dari kematian ibu seperti anemia. Sebab kematian ibu , mulai dari kehamilan itu sendiri terdapat banyak masalah yang salah satunya kehamilan dengan mitos –mitos yang baik sadar atau tidak disadari selalu hidup secara turun temurun dalam masyarakat. Mitos-mitos kehamilan ini dapat memberikan pengaruh bagi perilaku ibu hamil baik itu positif maupun negative. Dari penyebab kematian ibu tersebut masalah kematian maupun kesakitan dan kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan pada ibu tidak terlepas dari faktor sosial budaya dan lingkungan di dalam masyarakat. Disadari atau tidak faktor kebudayaan, kepercayaan dan pengetahuan budaya seperti berbagai pantangan, hubungan sebab akibat, antara makanan dan kondisi sehat sakit, kebiasaan, dan ketidaktahuan, seringkali membawa dampak positif maupun negatif terhadap kesehatan ibu. Pengetahuan, sosial dan budaya ibu yang sedang hamil akan memengaruhi kesehatan ibu saat hamil.

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