scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in an Adolescent: Case Report and Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955651987052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Sinno ◽  
Adel M Assaad ◽  
Nina Salem Shabb
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Squamous Differentiation ◽  
Tonsillar Carcinoma

Oropharyngeal small cell carcinomas (OPSmCC) are rare with only few case reports and case series published in the literature. More recently, an association of these tumors with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been detected. However, unlike oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas which have a better outcome when associated with HPV, OPSmCC exhibit an aggressive behavior. In this article, we report a case of tonsillar carcinoma arising in a 14-year-old boy that was associated with HPV infection. The tumor exhibited morphologic features of small cell carcinoma with no overt squamous differentiation. Yet, by immunohistochemistry, it showed diffuse and strong co-expression of both squamous and neuroendocrine markers. In addition, we present the clinicopathologic features of all the cases of OPSmCC reported in the literature for which p16 and/or HPV testing have been done.

scholarly journals Triage of human papillomavirus infected women by methylation analysis in first-void urine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Severien Van Keer ◽  
Annina P. van Splunter ◽  
Jade Pattyn ◽  
Annemie De Smet ◽  
Sereina A. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Screening Attendance

AbstractHost cell DNA methylation analysis in urine provides promising triage markers for women diagnosed with a high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In this study, we have investigated a panel of six host cell methylation markers (GHSR, SST, ZIC1, ASCL1, LHX8, ST6GALNAC5) in cervicovaginal secretions collected within the first part of the urine void (FVU) from a referral population. Cytology, histology, and HPV DNA genotyping results on paired FVU and cervical samples were available. Urinary median methylation levels from HR-HPV (n = 93) positive women were found to increase for all markers with severity of underlying disease. Significantly elevated levels were observed for GHSR and LHX8 in relation to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 +; n = 33), with area under de curve values of 0.80 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.59–0.92) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.58–0.89), respectively. These findings are the first to support the assertion that methylation analysis of host cell genes is feasible in FVU and holds promise as molecular, triage strategy to discern low- from high-grade cervical disease in HR-HPV positive women. Molecular testing on FVU may serve to increase cervical cancer screening attendance in hard-to-reach populations whilst reducing loss to follow-up and await further optimization and validation studies.

Detection of human papillomavirus 67 single infection in high‐grade cervical lesions: Case report and review of literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Steven Van Schandevyl ◽  
Liselotte Coorevits ◽  
Jerina Boelens ◽  
Ans Traen ◽  
Luc Bingé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Cervical Lesions

Vulvar and Vaginal Cancers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Madeleine ◽  
Lisa G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Invasive Cancer ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Shared Risk

Vulvar and vaginal cancers are rare and predominantly involve squamous cell carcinomas. Some studies combine these cancers, presumably because of their rarity, anatomic proximity, and shared risk factors. Major risk factors include human papillomavirus (HPV) and cigarette smoking. This chapter explores the similarities and important differences in etiology between these cancer sites. In addition to its focus on invasive cancer, the chapter also discusses high-grade precursor lesions, or in situ disease, that sometimes progress to cancer and must, therefore, be treated.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus and abnormal cervical lesions among HIV-infected women in HIV-discordant couples from Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L Guthrie ◽  
Anne F Rositch ◽  
Joy Alison Cooper ◽  
Carey Farquhar ◽  
Rose Bosire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Neoplasia ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
High Grade Lesion ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Hpv Screening

ObjectiveHIV infection increases the risk of high-grade cervical neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. The study addresses the limited data describing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical neoplasia among HIV-infected women in HIV-discordant relationships in sub-Saharan Africa, which is needed to inform screening strategies.MethodsA cross-sectional study of HIV-infected women with HIV-uninfected partners was conducted to determine the distribution of type-specific HPV infection and cervical cytology. This study was nested in a prospective cohort recruited between September 2007 and December 2009 in Nairobi, Kenya. Cervical cells for HPV DNA testing and conventional cervical cytology were collected. HPV types were detected and genotyped by Roche Linear Array PCR assay.ResultsAmong 283 women, the overall HPV prevalence was 62%, and 132 (47%) had ≥1 high-risk (HR)-HPV genotype. Of 268 women with cervical cytology results, 18 (7%) had high-grade cervical lesions or more severe by cytology, of whom 16 (89%) were HR-HPV-positive compared with 82 (41%) of 199 women with normal cytology (p<0.001). The most common HR-HPV types in women with a high-grade lesion or more severe by cytology were HPV-52 (44%), HPV-31 (22%), HPV-35 (22%), HPV-51 (22%) and HPV-58 (22%). HR-HPV genotypes HPV-16 or HPV-18 were found in 17% of women with high-grade lesions or more severe. HR-HPV screening applied in this population would detect 89% of those with a high-grade lesion or more severe, while 44% of women with normal or low-grade cytology would screen positive.ConclusionHR-HPV prevalence was high in this population of HIV-infected women with an uninfected partner. Choice of screening for all HR genotypes versus a subset of HR genotypes in these HIV-infected women will strongly affect the performance of an HPV screening strategy relative to cytological screening. Regional and subpopulation differences in HR-HPV genotype distributions could affect screening test performance.

EpiCO (epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine) as treatment for extrapulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Stefan Munker ◽  
Martin Vogelhuber ◽  
Jan Bornschein ◽  
Christian Stroszczynski ◽  
Matthias Evert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma

AbstractHigh-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) comprise a rare entity. Due to the lack of randomized controlled trials, therapy recommendations were mainly extrapolated from its pulmonary analogue, small cell lung cancer and mostly validated in small retrospective case series. The multicentric Nordic NEC Study of gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) and cancer of unknown primary (CUP) high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms showed a significant disease control upon treatment with etoposide and platinum-based chemotherapies 1. Such a combination with etoposide and a platinum (CE) compound is currently considered standard first-line treatment for high-grade GEP/CUP NEN. High-grade mixed-neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) formerly termed mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinomas (MANEC) also have a poor prognosis and are generally treated like other high-grade NEN. The CE protocol has significant activity in high-grade NEN and MiNEN, but the response is short-lived in most cases with response rates around 50–60 %. Second-line treatment alternatives are not established so far. The need for additional treatment options is evident.Combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (CAV) showed efficacy in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and was considered standard first-line therapy before the era of etoposide and platinum combinations. Due to a better toxicity profile, doxorubicin was replaced by epirubicin, resulting in the combination of epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (abbreviated as EpiCO or CEV).In analogy to SCLC, selected patients with high-grade NEN were treated with the EpiCO regimen in second line (or in one patient first line) at our center. In this report we present the retrospective series of 5 cases with metastatic high-grade GEP/CUP NEN/MiNEN who received chemotherapy according to this protocol.

P63 in cytologic material is helpful for detection of squamous differentiation in non-small cell carcinomas of lung and treatment selection

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18052-18052
Author(s):  
M. Jorda ◽  
F. Mousavi ◽  
C. Gomez-Fernandez ◽  
Z. Maleki ◽  
G. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Squamous Differentiation ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Subtypes

18052 Background: Bevacizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel improves overall response and survival in patients with advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung carcinoma. However, this drug is not recommended in patients with carcinomas with squamous differentiation. Therefore, identification of squamous cell component is desirable. In many instances, cytology is the diagnostic tool of choice; however, routine cytomorphology is limited in classification of non small-cell carcinomas into squamous and non-squamous subtypes. The aim of this study is to identify the value of immunocytochemistry for p63 in this distinction. Methods: Review of cytology records identified 51 consecutive pulmonary specimens with the diagnosis of non-small cell carcinoma (9 squamous cell carcinomas and 42 carcinomas without squamous differentiation). Histologically, they proved to be 26 squamous cell carcinomas and 25 non-small cell carcinomas without squamous differentiation. P63 immunocytochemical stain was performed on archival alcohol-fixed Papanicolaou stained cytology slides, using standard immunocytochemical methods. Results: Twenty-three (88 %) of the 26 histologically proven squamous cell carcinomas were positive for p63 on cytologic smears. Using p63, we detected 14 carcinomas with squamous differentiation not identified by cytomorphology. Smears from all carcinomas with squamous differentiation were positive for p63. Sensitivity of cytology for the detection of squamous differentiation increased from 35% to 88% using p63 immunocytochemistry (p=0.001, McNemar’s test). Four carcinomas with squamous differentiation were detected only in cytologic and not in corresponding histologic samples. Conclusions: 1- p63 is a useful marker for the detection of squamous differentiation in cytologic pulmonary samples; 2- p63 immunocytochemistry significantly increases the sensitivity for the identification of squamous cell carcinomas of lung from 35% to 88% (p=0.001); 3- p63 immunocytochemistry should be used in all pulmonary cytologic samples with a diagnosis of non-small cell carcinoma to improve therapeutic selection of patients; 4- Cytologic sampling may provide better representation of tumor subtypes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus in Endometrial Adenocarcinomas: Infectious Agent or a Mere “Passenger”?

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Giatromanolaki ◽  
E. Sivridis ◽  
D. Papazoglou ◽  
M. I. Koukourakis ◽  
E. Maltezos
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Myometrial Invasion ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Squamous Differentiation ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hpv 18

Aims. To investigate the possible association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with endometrial hyperplasias and neoplasia. Does HPV play any role in the initiation or prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinomas?Methods. Twenty-five endometrial adenocarcinomas of the endometrioid cell type, with and without squamous differentiation, and twenty-four endometrial hyperplasias of various forms (simple, complex, and atypical) were analyzed for the presence of type 16 and 18 HPV by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results were related to histopathological features of the tumour, and the patients' age, and prognosis.Results. Six of 25 endometrial adenocarcinomas were HPV 16-positive (24%), and 5 of 25 (20%) were HPV 18-positive. Simple endometrial hyperplasias was associated somewhat more commonly with HPV 16 and 18 (2/8 and 1/8 cases, resp) than hyperplasias progressing to endometrial adenocarcinomas, namely, atypical endometrial hyperplasia (1/8 and 0/8 cases, resp.). None of the positive cases in the series, whether hyperplastic or neoplastic, demonstrated cytological evidence of HPV infection. There was no relation between HPV-positive cases and squamous differentiation, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphatic involvement, lymphocytic response, patients' age, or prognosis.Conclusion. It appears that the presence of HPV in the endometrium, as detected by PCR, does not play any role in the initiation or prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Verrucous Keratoses Associated with Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Joshua L Owen ◽  
Cory Kosche ◽  
Jennifer N Choi
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
First Case ◽  
Verrucous Keratoses

Introduction:Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy is associated with numerous adverse events, including eruptive keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas. However, no cases of immunotherapy-associated verrucous keratoses (VKs) have been reported. VKs are proliferative lesions generally considered benign, although they have been suggested to represent premalignant lesions.Cases:We present the first case series of three patients with immunotherapy-associated VKs. The patients were receiving nivolumab for renal cell carcinoma, combination ipilimumab/nivolumab for non-small cell lung carcinoma, and pembrolizumab for malignant melanoma. The VKs appeared 3-7 months after initiation of immunotherapy. Lesions were treated with shave removal or cryosurgery without recurrence. This report adds to the spectrum of cutaneous squamoproliferative lesions induced by checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.

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